• 제목/요약/키워드: quantum groups

검색결과 77건 처리시간 0.027초

Solution-processed Dielectric and Quantum Dot Thin Films for Electronic and Photonic Applications

  • 정현담
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.37-37
    • /
    • 2010
  • Silicate-silsesquioxane or siloxane-silsesquioxane hybrid thin films are strong candidates as matrix materials for ultra low dielectric constant (low-k) thin films. We synthesized the silicate-silsesquioxane hybrid resins from tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) through hydrolysis and condensation polymerization by changing their molar ratios ([TEOS]:[MTMS] = 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7), spin-coating on Si(100) wafers. In the case of [TEOS]:[MTMS] 7:3, the dielectric permittivity value of the resultant thin film was measured at 4.30, exceeding that of the thermal oxide (3.9). This high value was thought to be due to Si-OH groups inside the film and more extensive studies were performed in terms of electronic, ionic, and orientational polarizations using Debye equation. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the synthetic conditions of the silicate-silsesquioxane precursors was also investigated. The synthetic conditions of the low-k films have to be chosen to meet both the low orientational polarization and high mechanical properties requirements. In addition, we have investigated a new solution-based approach to the synthesis of semiconducting chalcogenide films for use in thin-film transistor (TFT) devices, in an attempt to develop a simple and robust solution process for the synthesis of inorganic semiconductors. Our material design strategy is to use a sol-gel reaction to carry out the deposition of a spin-coated CdS film, which can then be converted to a xerogel material. These devices were found to exhibit n-channel TFT characteristics with an excellent field-effect mobility (a saturation mobility of ${\sim}\;48\;cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$) and low voltage operation (< 5 V). These results show that these semiconducting thin film materials can be used in low-cost and high-performance printable electronics.

  • PDF

Photoluminescent Graphene Oxide Microarray for Multiplex Heavy Metal Ion Analysis

  • Liu, Fei;Ha, Hyun Dong;Han, Dong Ju;Park, Min Su;Seo, Tae Seok
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.281.2-281.2
    • /
    • 2013
  • Since heavy metal ions included in water or food resources have critical effects on human health, highly sensitive, rapid and selective analysis for heavy metal detection has been extensively explored by means of electrochemical, optical and colorimetric methods. For example, quantum dots (QDs), such as semiconductor QDs, have received enormous attention due to extraordinary optical properties including high fluorescence intensity and its narrow emission peaks, and have been utilized for heavy metal ion detection. However, the semiconductor QDs have a drawback of serious toxicity derived from cadmium, lead and other lethal elements, thereby limiting its application in the environmental screening system. On the other hand, Graphene oxide (GO) has proven its superlative properties of biocompatibility, unique photoluminescence (PL), good quenching efficiency and facile surface modification. Recently, the size of GO was controlled to a few nanometers, enhancing its optical properties to be applied for biological or chemical sensors. Interestingly, the presence of various oxygenous functional groups of GO contributes to opening the band gap of graphene, resulting in a unique PL emission pattern, and the control of the sp2 domain in the sp3 matrix of GO can tune the PL intensity as well as the PL emission wavelength. Herein, we reported a photoluminescent GO array on which heavy metal ion-specific DNA aptamers were immobilized, and sensitive and multiplex heavy metal ion detection was performed utilizing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the photoluminescent monolayered GO and the captured metal ion.

  • PDF

Physicochemical Properties of Indoor Particulate Matter Collected on Subway Platforms in Japan

  • Ma, Chang-Jin;Matuyama, Sigeo;Sera, Koichiro;Kim, Shin-Do
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
    • /
    • 제6권2호
    • /
    • pp.73-82
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study was aimed to thoroughly estimate the characteristics of indoor particulate matter (PM) collected on subway platforms by the cooperative approach of semi-bulk and single particle analyses. The size-resolved PM and its number concentration were measured on the platform in a heavily traveled subway station in Fukuoka, Japan. Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and micro-PIXE techniques were applied to the chemical analyses of semi-bulk and single particle, respectively. There was the close resemblance of timely fluctuation between PM number concentration and train service on the third basement floor (B3F) platform compared to the second basement floor (B2F) and its maximum level was marked in rush hour. Higher number counts in large particles ($>1{\mu}m$) and lower number counts in fine particles ($<1{\mu}m$) were shown on the platform compared to an above ground. PM2.5 accounted for 58.2% and 38.2 % of TSP on B3F and on B2F, respectively. The elements that were ranked at high concentration in size-resolved semi-bulk PM were Fe, Si, Ca, S, and Na. The major elements tending to have more elevated levels on B3F than B2F were Fe (4.4 times), Ca (17.3 times), and Si (46.4 times). Although concentrations were very low, Cr ($11.9ng\;m^{-3}$ on B3F, $2.4ng\;m^{-3}$ on B2F), Mn ($3.4ng\;m^{-3}$ on B3F, $0.9ng\;m^{-3}$ on B2F), and Pb ($0.6ng\;m^{-3}$ on B3F, $1.6ng\;m^{-3}$ on B2F) were detected from PM2.5. Individual PM was nearly all enriched in Fe with Si and Ca. Classifying and source profiling of the individual particles by elemental maps and particle morphology were tried and particles were presumably divided into four groups (i.e., train/rail friction, train-rail sparking, ballast/abrasive, and cement).

2015 개정 과학과 교육과정에 기초한 예비 물리교사를 위한 현대물리 개념 진단지 개발 및 타당화 연구 (A Study on Developing and Validating the Modern Physics Conceptual Diagnostic Survey for Pre-Service Physics Teachers based on the 2015 Revised National Science Curriculum)

  • 김완선;김성원
    • 한국과학교육학회지
    • /
    • 제40권3호
    • /
    • pp.253-269
    • /
    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 2015 개정 과학과 교육과정에 제시된 성취기준에 기초하여 현대물리 개념지식에 대한 예비 물리교사의 이해를 진단할 수 있는 개념 진단지를 개발하고 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하였다. Messick(1995)의 분류에 따른 5가지 타당도 중 검사내용에 기초한 타당도는 일련의 전문가 내용타당도 검사로 진행하여 확인한 후 24문항의 설문용 현대물리 개념 진단지를 구성하였다. 국내 15개 사범대학의 467명의 예비 물리교사에게 개발된 현대물리 개념 진단지를 적용하여 문항의 신뢰도와 Messick(1995)의 나머지 4가지 타당도를 확인하였다. 실제에 기초한 타당도는 Rasch 모형이 적용된 통계분석방법으로 문항적합도(MNSQ)를 확인한 결과, 23문항이 적합한 수준으로 나타났다. 이중 오타가 발생한 문항을 제외한 22문항에 대하여 내적구조에 기초한 타당도 분석을 하여 개발된 현대물리 개념 진단지의 일차원성을 확인하였다. 일반화에 기초한 타당도 확인 결과에 따르면 개발된 개념 진단지가 집단특성에 대해 독립적이라고 판단된다. 양자역학 수강 여부에 따른 검사점수의 t-검증 결과, 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 이를 외적준거에 기초한 타당도 확인으로 활용하였다. Cronbach alpha 및 Rasch 모형 분석에서의 피험자 신뢰도와 문항신뢰도 값은 검사자료가 적합한 수준의 신뢰도를 갖는다는 보여주었다. 또한 고전검사이론에 의한 문항분석 결과, 양호한 문항난이도를 보여주었으며 문항변별도는 두 문항이 준거값을 벗어났으나 다른 나머지 문항들은 양호한 값을 보여주었다. 양류상관계수는 한 문항을 제외한 나머지에 대해서 양호한 값을 나타내었다. KR-20과 Ferguson's delta 값 역시 검사지가 양호하다는 것을 보여주었다. 마지막으로 문항반응 이론에 의한 문항난이도(추정치)를 Rasch 모형 분석으로 추정하였으며, 이 값들은 피험자 집단 특성에 영향을 받지 않을 것으로 판단된다.

D-$\Pi$-A designed dye chromophores and nanoparticles: optical properties, chemosensor effects and PE/Aramid fiber colorations

  • Son, Young-A;Kim, Su-Ho;Kim, Young-Sung
    • 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국염색가공학회 2010년도 제3회 국제학회
    • /
    • pp.40-40
    • /
    • 2010
  • Studies on attractive color changing property of dye chromophore and fluorophore have been greatly enjoyed in the related industrial and research fields such as optoelectronics, chemosensor, biosensor and so on. The optical property based on D-$\Pi$-A intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) system of chromophore molecules can be utilized as suitable sensing probes for checking media polarity and determining colorimetric chemosensing effect, especially heavy metal detection. These finding are obtained by absorption and emission properties. In this work, donor-acceptor D-$\Pi$-A type fluorescent dyes were designed and synthesized with the corresponding donor and acceptor groups. The selected donor moieties might be provided prominent amorphous properties which are very useful in designing and synthesizing functional polymers and in fabricating devices. Another reasons to choose are commercial availabilities in high purity and low price. Donor-bridge-acceptor (D-A) type dyes can produce impressive optical-physical properties, yielding them potentially suitable for applications in the synthesis of small functional organic molecules. Small organic functional molecules have unique advantages, such as better solubility, amorphous character, and represent an area of research which needs to be explored and developed. Currently, their applications in metalorganic compounds is rapidly expanding and becoming widespread in self-assembly processes, photoluminescence applications, chiral organocatalysts, and ingrafts with nanomaterials. Colloidal nanoparticles have received great attentions in recent years. The photophysical properties of nanoparticles, particularly in terms of brightness, photostability, emission color purity and broad adsorption range, are very attractive functions in many applications. To our knowledge background, colloidal nanoparticles have been enjoyed their applications in bio-probe research fields. This research interest can be raised by the advantages of the materials such as high photoluminescence quantum yields, sharp emission band, long-term photostability and broad excitation spectra. In recent, the uses of nanoparticles being embedded in a polymer matrix and binded on polymer surface have been explored and their properties such as photo-activation and strong photoluminescence have been proposed. The prepared chromophores and nanoparticles were investigated with absorption and emission properties, solvatochromic behaviors, pH induced color switching effects, chemosensing effects and HOMO/LUMO energy potentials with computer simulation. In addition, synthesized fluorophore dyes and particles were applied onto PE/Aramid fiber fluorescing colorations. And the related details were then discussed.

  • PDF

벼의 종자 발아와 생육 및 광합성에 대한 저선량 감마선과 생장조절물질의 상승작용 효과 (Synergistic Effects of Low Dose Gamma Irradiation and Growth Regulators on Seed Germination, Growth and Photosynthesis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.))

  • 백명화;정병엽;김진홍;위승곤;김재성;이인중
    • 환경생물
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.64-70
    • /
    • 2005
  • 벼의 유묘 생육과 광합성 효율에 대한 저선량 방사선과 생장조절물질 간의 상승작용 효과를 확인하기 위해 4년 된 종자로 기내실험과 온실실험을 수행하였다. 기내실험에서 관찰한 종자 발아의 경우 방사선을 조사한 IBA 0.001 ppm 처리구에서 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 또한, 파종 6일 후 측정한 유묘 생육은 방사선 무 조사구보다 방사선을 조사한 GA₃와 IBA 처리구에서 대체로 높은 값을 보였으며, 그 중 IBA 0.001 ppm 처리에서 저선량 방사선과 생장조절물질간의 유의성 있는 상승작용 효과를 확인 할 수 있었다. 저선량 방사선을 조사 한 후 IBA 0.001 ppm을 처리하여 관찰한 온실 실험에서도 유묘 생육에서의 상승작용 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 광합성 효율을 확인하기 위해 측정한 엽록소 형광은 생장조절물질에 의해서만 차이를 보여, IBA 처리에 의해 광계 2의 양자 수율을 나타내주는 Ф/sub PSⅡ/와 광화학적 소멸을 나타내는 qP는 증가하였고 비광화학적 소멸을 나타내는 형광지표인 qN은 감소하였다. 이러한 결과를 통해 저선량 방사선을 조사한 후 생장조절물질을 처리하였을 때 벼의 종자 발아와 더불어 생육이 두 요인간의 상승작용 효과로 촉진됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

수박접목묘의 건조스트레스 범위 탐지를 위한 엽록소형광 지수의 적용 (Application of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters for the Detection of Water Stress Ranges in Grafted Watermelon Seedlings)

  • 신유경;김용현;이준구
    • 생물환경조절학회지
    • /
    • 제28권4호
    • /
    • pp.461-470
    • /
    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 육안판단이 아닌 엽록소형광 이미지 측정기법을 이용하여 비파괴적으로 수박접목묘 플러그트레이 단일 셀에 대해 건조스트레스를 정량화하고자 수행되었다. 접목 후 6일차 수박접목묘를 3일동안 균일한 관수관리 하에서 재배한 후 건조스트레스를 부여하였다. 이후 플러그트레이 단일 셀 형태의 수분함량센서를 이용하여 D1(53.0%, 충분한 수분상태)단계부터 D9(15.7%, 극심한 건조스트레스)단계까지 9개 그룹으로 분류하고 엽록소 형광을 측정하였다. 또한 건조스트레스에 영향을 받은 묘(D5-D9)에 재관수하여 육안판단으로 확인되지 않은 광합성 및 생육 회복 수준을 측정하였다. 3개의 건조스트레스 단계의 엽록소형광 곡선 형태는 건조스트레스 조기 탐지에 대해 다른 양상을 보였다. 총 16개의 엽록소 형광 지수는 건조스트레스에 노출되면서 지속적으로 감소하였으며, 육안으로 판단 가능한 D5(32.1%)단계에서 크게 감소하였다. 형광감소율(Rfd_Lss)는 초기 건조스트레스 수준(D5-D6)에서 명확하게 감소하기 시작하였으며, 최대 광화학효율(Fv/Fm)은 극심한 건조스트레스 수준(D7-D9)에서 크게 감소하였다. 따라서, Rfd_Lss 및 Fv/Fm 지수를 건조스트레스의 초기 및 이후 단계에서 생육 및 광합성 회복 평가를 위한 지표로 선정하였다. 개별 엽록소형광 지수의 수치값 차이와 엽록소형광 이미지를 통해 건조스트레스 수준이 직관적으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 Rfd_Lss와 Fv/Fm은 각각 초기 및 극심한 건조스트레스를 탐지하지 위한 엽록소형광 지수로 활용될 수 있으며, Fv/Fm은 재관수시 회복 평가를 위한 최적의 엽록소형광 지수로 판단된다.