Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment

Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment (한국대기환경학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physicochemical Properties of Indoor Particulate Matter Collected on Subway Platforms in Japan

  • Ma, Chang-Jin (Department of Environmental Science, Fukuoka Women's University) ;
  • Matuyama, Sigeo (Department of Quantum Science and Energy Engineering, Tohoku University) ;
  • Sera, Koichiro (Cyclotron Research Center, Iwate Medical University) ;
  • Kim, Shin-Do (School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul)
  • Received : 2011.04.19
  • Accepted : 2011.12.20
  • Published : 2012.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study was aimed to thoroughly estimate the characteristics of indoor particulate matter (PM) collected on subway platforms by the cooperative approach of semi-bulk and single particle analyses. The size-resolved PM and its number concentration were measured on the platform in a heavily traveled subway station in Fukuoka, Japan. Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and micro-PIXE techniques were applied to the chemical analyses of semi-bulk and single particle, respectively. There was the close resemblance of timely fluctuation between PM number concentration and train service on the third basement floor (B3F) platform compared to the second basement floor (B2F) and its maximum level was marked in rush hour. Higher number counts in large particles ($>1{\mu}m$) and lower number counts in fine particles ($<1{\mu}m$) were shown on the platform compared to an above ground. PM2.5 accounted for 58.2% and 38.2 % of TSP on B3F and on B2F, respectively. The elements that were ranked at high concentration in size-resolved semi-bulk PM were Fe, Si, Ca, S, and Na. The major elements tending to have more elevated levels on B3F than B2F were Fe (4.4 times), Ca (17.3 times), and Si (46.4 times). Although concentrations were very low, Cr ($11.9ng\;m^{-3}$ on B3F, $2.4ng\;m^{-3}$ on B2F), Mn ($3.4ng\;m^{-3}$ on B3F, $0.9ng\;m^{-3}$ on B2F), and Pb ($0.6ng\;m^{-3}$ on B3F, $1.6ng\;m^{-3}$ on B2F) were detected from PM2.5. Individual PM was nearly all enriched in Fe with Si and Ca. Classifying and source profiling of the individual particles by elemental maps and particle morphology were tried and particles were presumably divided into four groups (i.e., train/rail friction, train-rail sparking, ballast/abrasive, and cement).

Keywords

References

  1. Chillrud, S.N., Grass, D., Ross, J.M., Coulibaly, D., Slavkovich, V., Epstein, D., Sax, S.N., Pederson, D., Johnson, D., Spengler, J.D., Kinney, P.L., Simpson, H.J., Brandt-Rauf, P. (2005) Steel dust in the New York City subway system as a source of manganese, chromium, and iron exposures for transit workers. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 82, 33-42.
  2. Dockery, D.W., Pope, C.A., Xu, X., Spengler, J.D., Ware, J.H., Fay, M.E., Ferris, B.G., Speizer, F.E. (1993) An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. The New England Journal of Medicine 329, 1753-1759. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199312093292401
  3. Fujikawa, K., Yamamoto, S., Tagami, S., Chikara, H., Oishi, O., Iwamoto, S. (2008) The behavior of carbon compounds (EC,OC) in aerosols. The annual report of Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences 35, 93-97. (in Japanese)
  4. Furuya, K., Kudo, Y., Okinaga, K., Yamuki, M., Takahashi, S., Araki, Y., Hisamatsu, Y. (2001) Seasonal variation and their characterization of suspended particulate matter in the air of subway stations. Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques 19, 469-485. https://doi.org/10.1081/TMA-100107583
  5. Gulyas, H., Gercken, G. (1988) Cytotoxicity to alveolar macrophages of airborne particles and waste incinerator fly-ash fractions. Environmental Pollution 51, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0269-7491(88)90235-7
  6. Hamamura, K., Iwamoto, S., Utsunomiya, A., Ohishi, O., Shimohara, T., Hisatomi, K. (2000) Influence of vehicle emissions on air pollutants near heavy traffic roads in Fukuoka Prefecture. The research report of Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Science 27, 49-53. (in Japanese)
  7. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)-TECDOC-1190 (2000) Instrumentation for PIXE and RBS, pp. 1-78.
  8. Ishii, K., Sugimoto, A., Tanaka, A., Satoh, T., Matsuyama, S., Yamazaki, H., Akama, C., Amartivan, T., Endoh, H., Oishi, Y., Yuki, H., Suegara, S., Satoh, M., Kamiya, T., Sakai, T., Arakawa, K., Saidoh, M., Oikawa, S. (2001) Elemental analysis of cellular samples by in-air micro-PIXE. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 181, 448-453. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(01)00623-1
  9. Kim, H.K., Ro, C.U. (2010) Characterization of individual atmospheric aerosols using quantitative energy dispersive- electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 4, 115-140. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2010.4.3.115
  10. Lorenzo, R., Kaegi, R., Gehrig, R., Grobety, B. (2006) Particle emissions of a railway line determined by detailed single particle analysis. Atmospheric Environment 40, 7831-7841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.07.026
  11. Matsuyama, S., Ishii, K., Yamazaki, H., Sakamoto, R., Fujisawa, M., Amartaivan, T., Ohishi, Y., Rodriguez, M., Suzuki, A., Kamiya, T., Oikawa, M., Arakawa, K., Matsumoto, N. (2003) Preliminary results of microbeam at Tohoku University. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 210, 59-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(03)01014-0
  12. McDonnell, W.F., Nishino-Ishikawa, N., Petersen, F.F., Chen, L.H., Abbey, D.E. (2000) Relationships of mortality with the fine and coarse fractions of long-term ambient SPM concentrations in nonsmokers. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 10, 427-436. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500095
  13. Mori, T., Inudo, M., Takao, Y., Koga, M., Takemasa, T., Shinohara, R., Arizono, K. (2007) In vitro evaluation of atmospheric particulate matter and sedimentation particles using yeast bioassay system. Environmental Sciences 14, 203-210.
  14. Okinaga, K., Takahashi, S., Tsugoshi, T., Kudo, Y., Furuya, K., Araki, Y. (2000) Characterization of suspended particulate matter in the air in subways and corresponding above-ground areas. Journal of Japan Society Atmospheric Environment 35-1, 12-20.
  15. Ozao, S. (1977) Field study on airborne particulate concentration in subway. Kogai to Taisaku 13, 974-984. (In Japanese)
  16. Pope, C.A., Bates, D.V., Raizenne, M.E. (1995) Health effects of particulate air pollution: Time for reassessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 472-480. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.95103472
  17. Pope, C.A., Hill, R.W., Villegas, G.M. (1999) Particulate air pollution and daily mortality on Utah's Wasatch Front. Environmental Health Perspectives 107, 567-573. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.99107567
  18. Richmond-Bryant, J., Wittig, A.E. (2009) Particle image velocimetry experiments of transport and dispersion of air pollutants in a model subway station. The 28th Annual Conference of American Association for Aerosol Research, October 26, Minnesota, US, 899.
  19. Saini, D., Yurteri, C.U., Grable, N., Sims R.A., Mazumder, M.K. (2002) Effect of charge on the deposition of electrostatically charged inhalable aerosol in lung model. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science 56, 146-152.
  20. Sera, K., Futatsugawa, S., Matsuda, K. (1999) Quantitative analysis of untreated bio-samples. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 150, 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-583X(98)01071-4
  21. Son, Y.S., Kang, Y.H., Chung, S.G., Park, H.J., Kim, J.C. (2011) Efficiency evaluation of adsorbents for the removal of VOC and $NO_2$ in an underground subway station. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 5, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2011.5.2.113
  22. The society of Kyoto natural whetstone (2006) The fascinating Kyoto natural whetstone Vol. 3, The society of Kyoto natural whetstone, pp. 1-90.
  23. Yoshizawa, S. (1983) Pollution by airborne microbiological particles in subway stations. Journal of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents 11, 137-149.

Cited by

  1. Properties of Indoor Particles Collected in Japanese Homes vol.9, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2015.9.1.031
  2. Differences in allergic inflammatory responses in murine lungs: comparison of PM2.5 and coarse PM collected during the hazy events in a Chinese city vol.28, pp.14, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2016.1260185
  3. Recent progress in research on PM2.5 in subways vol.23, pp.5, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1em00002k