• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.181-186
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• 2000

This study has been implemented to identify the level of satisfaction of the Glass spectacle wearers on various services being given by optical shop workers and help them to provide services of higher quality to the spectacle wearers. The objectives of this study are the spectacle wearers who visited to the 5 Designated optical shops located in Seoul area. All the data has been collected for the 2 months period (Oct. 1 through Dec. 1. 1999.) By using structured, self-described research form. All the collected data were 250 copies in total but evaluated 222 copies only as we excluded 28 copies which has uncertain reply/contents. Major results are as follows: 1. The proportions of objectives by sex was male 54.1%, female 45.9% and by Academic career was University graduates 35.1%, High school graduates 32.4%. 2. The factors impects on the satisfaction level of spectacle wearers were the Employee's service and the status of frame. 3. the factors impacts on the intention for revisit the optical shops were facility status, the responsiveness on wearer s opinion and the employee s services. The factors impect the wearers to build up intention to recommend the visited optical Shops to the 3rd costomer were employee s services, the status of frames, the facility Status and the price level they paid. Considering the results of this study above mentioned, in order to raise up the satisfaction level of glass spectacle wearers, it s thought that the employee (optician) of optical shops have to well acquainted fluent knowledge on the glass spectacles and detailed to the spectacle wearers in a gentle manner and let them build up the reliabily.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.4 s.107
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• pp.427-434
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• 2006

Broadband Convergence Network(BcN) is a critical infrastructure to provide wired-and-wireless high-quality multimedia services by converging communication and broadcasting systems, However, there exist possible danger to spread the damage of an intrusion incident within an individual network to the whole network due to the convergence and newly generated threats according to the advent of various services roaming vertically and horizontally. In order to cope with these new threats, we need to analyze the vulnerabilities of BcN in a system architecture aspect and classify them in a systematic way and to make the results to be utilized in preparing proper countermeasures, In this paper, we propose a new classification of vulnerabilities which has been extended from the ITU-T recommendation X.805, which defines the security related architectural elements. This new classification includes system elements to be protected for each service, possible attack strategies, resulting damage and its criticalness, and effective countermeasures. The new classification method is compared with the existing methods of CVE(Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures) and CERT/CC(Computer Emergency Response Team/Coordination Center), and the result of an application to one of typical services, VoIP(Voice over IP) and the development of vulnerability database and its management software tool are presented in the paper. The consequence of the research presented in the paper is expected to contribute to the integration of security knowledge and to the identification of newly required security techniques.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-189
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• 2023

The study aims to synthesize the discussion of the innovation district and suggest an alternative to the governance system of the innovation district. Cluster policies that focus on industrial specialization, networking, value chains, and industrial ecosystems have shown some problems and limits in advanced industrial economies. The innovation district, suitable for the era of urban innovation, convergence of industry, housing, leisure, and related variety, emphasizes cooperation through the convergence of various innovations, workshops and industries, and communities. It is important to build a quintuple helix based on cooperative governance through public-private partnerships, integrate the physical and cultural atmosphere, and service industries that strengthen the place prestige. Beyond the industrial aspect, innovation districts can facilitate changes in urban amenities and lifestyles and creative atmosphere, such as diversity, lifestyle, charms, and openness, and promote social vitality and economic interactions. The governance of innovative districts can promote inter-organizational exchanges, and combinations. When knowledge is created through exchanges between companies, it also affects changes in the governance system, evolving from a rigid and centralized system to an open, dynamic, and organic system. Through the innovation policy, the existing Central Business Districts (CBD) can be able to be transformed into a Central Lifestyle Districts (CLD).

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to look at a systematic review on the effects of occupational reminiscence therapy in Dementia offered National Long term care Insurance. Through this comprehensive study, we have to compare the studies. Methods : We systematically examined papers published in journal from 2009 to 2013, using KERIS. Main words to examine are Dementia, Long term care service, Day care center, reminiscence therapy, occupational centered, etc. Results : 6 studies were selected, All of them were occupational reminiscence therapy. Reminiscence therapy can be devided into communication centered reminiscence therapy and occupational reminiscence therapy. The results demonstrated that the intervention significantly affected the maintenance cognitive skills and reminiscence skills, decreased depression, behavioral changes, improvement of communication and interaction skills and quality of life etc. of elderly people with dementia (p<.05). Conclusions : If occupational therapists can obtain knowledge and make a program for occupational reminiscence therapy, research in this field will be further developed. In the future study, the use of occupational reminiscence therapy applied to a variety of interventions and majority of patients is needed on occupational therapy.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.223-238
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• 2006

For a public library. which is a regional information service agency. to acquire high competitiveness, preparation for uncertainties of future through understanding its own internal strengths and weaknesses. and external opportunities and threats based on assessments regarding knowledge information environment and characteristics of regional community. current status of the library, etc. Therefore. in this study, through SWOT analysis. one of competitive strategy analysis methods, the status of competitive strategy of C library was analyzed. In order to carry out the study interview and survey were performed with professional librarians, then through final consultations from management consulting experts, a plan to strengthen competitiveness for C library was devised. Conclusions from this study were as below. In order to strengthen competitiveness of C library offering distinguished high quality services through active cooperations with external institutions, efforts to improve library's position and stand following being selected as a library to visit for 2006 World Library and Information Congress, and revitalization of library usage through providing user oriented differentiated services are needed.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.183-219
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out what their professionalism is and how their expertise grows among Christian alternative school teachers. Professionalism refers to the broad expertise such as specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for a particular profession. The teacher expertise is also closely related to the life cycle of a teacher. The present study collected and analyzed the data using a mixed research method that combined a survey and interview. The survey, which involved 276 Christian alternative school teachers, asked about the current teacher's interest, the importance and retention of each element of professionalism, and, in addition, the level of external efforts and help in developing professionalism. The in-depth interview was conducted on 7 Christian alternative school teachers and identified the meaning of teacher professionalism, teacher quality and competencies, and environment for the professional growth. The results reveal that the professionalism recognized by Christian alternative school teachers is rather complex. It includes communication and relationship, calling and identity in addition to the curriculum and instruction expertise that reconstructs the curriculum from a Christian perspective. It is further found that teachers' decision to respond to the calling, subsequent continuous self-development, the teacher community that embodies such calling and efforts, and the school environment where autonomy and responsibility coexist, are equally important for their professional growth. Thus, in order to promote the professionalism of Christian alternative school teachers more effectively in the future, it would be necessary to provide programs that take the teacher's whole life cycle into account and are also directed to teachers themselves rather than to institutions. Considering the emphasis on the expertise in communication and relations, pre-service teacher education should focus not only on developing subject matter expertise, but also fostering communication and relational skills with students and other school community members.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.65-78
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• 2009

The rapid changes of financial environment have increased the need and demand for personal financial advisory service from financial experts. In particular, as the individual customers want to get more customized financial services, the financial institutions created the private banking (PB) sector and have constantly expanded their PB services. However, it remains still problematic that the private banking system requires high costs so that the number of eligible customers who can have proper PB services is quite limited. To solve this problem, we propose an intelligent agent that can provides specialized and customized personal financial advisory services to the customers with low costs. The proposed agent systemizes and structures the information and knowledge of financial experts in private banking services so that individual customers can easily access to high-quality PB services when they need. On the first attempt we develop a framework of U-smart PB, an intelligent agent for personal financial management based on different scenarios related to personal financial decisions, and derive its core services. This system not only provides information simply, but also proposes to support personal investment decisions technically as an intelligent agent that embodies real-time customized financial management in a ubiquitous environment, regardless of time and place.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.61-118
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to construct research framework for international franchising based on existing literature and to identify research components in the framework. Franchise can be defined as management styles that allow franchisee use various management assets of franchisor in order to make or sell product or service. It can be divided into product distribution franchise that is designed to sell products and business format franchise that is designed for running it as business whatever its form is. International franchising can be defined as a way of internationalization of franchisor to foreign country by providing its business format or package to franchisee of host country. International franchising is growing fast for last four decades but academic research on this is quite limited. Especially in Korea, research about international franchising is carried out on by case study format with single case or empirical study format with survey based on domestic franchise theory. Therefore, this paper tries to review existing literature on international franchising research, providing research framework, and then stimulating new research on this field. International franchising research components include motives and environmental factors for decision of expanding to international franchising, entrance modes and development plan for international franchising, contracts and management strategy of international franchising, and various performance measures from different perspectives. First, motives of international franchising are fee collection from franchisee. Also it provides easier way to expanding to foreign country. The other motives including increase total sales volume, occupying better strategic position, getting quality resources, and improving efficiency. Environmental factors that facilitating international franchising encompasses economic condition, trend, and legal or political factors in host and/or home countries. In addition, control power and risk management capability of franchisor plays critical role in successful franchising contract. Final decision to enter foreign country via franchising is determined by numerous factors like history, size, growth, competitiveness, management system, bonding capability, industry characteristics of franchisor. After deciding to enter into foreign country, franchisor needs to set entrance modes of international franchising. Within contractual mode, there are master franchising and area developing franchising, licensing, direct franchising, and joint venture. Theories about entrance mode selection contain concepts of efficiency, knowledge-based approach, competence-based approach, agent theory, and governance cost. The next step after entrance decision is operation strategy. Operation strategy starts with selecting a target city and a target country for franchising. In order to finding, screening targets, franchisor needs to collect information about candidates. Critical information includes brand patent, commercial laws, regulations, market conditions, country risk, and industry analysis. After selecting a target city in target country, franchisor needs to select franchisee, in other word, partner. The first important criteria for selecting partners are financial credibility and capability, possession of real estate. And cultural similarity and knowledge about franchisor and/or home country are also recognized as critical criteria. The most important element in operating strategy is legal document between franchisor and franchisee with home and host countries. Terms and conditions in legal documents give objective information about characteristics of franchising agreement for academic research. Legal documents have definitions of terminology, territory and exclusivity, agreement of term, initial fee, continuing fees, clearing currency, and rights about sub-franchising. Also, legal documents could have terms about softer elements like training program and operation manual. And harder elements like law competent court and terms of expiration. Next element in operating strategy is about product and service. Especially for business format franchising, product/service deliverable, benefit communicators, system identifiers (architectural features), and format facilitators are listed for product/service strategic elements. Another important decision on product/service is standardization vs. customization. The rationale behind standardization is cost reduction, efficiency, consistency, image congruence, brand awareness, and competitiveness on price. Also standardization enables large scale R&D and innovative change in management style. Another element in operating strategy is control management. The simple way to control franchise contract is relying on legal terms, contractual control system. There are other control systems, administrative control system and ethical control system. Contractual control system is a coercive source of power, but franchisor usually doesn't want to use legal power since it doesn't help to build up positive relationship. Instead, self-regulation is widely used. Administrative control system uses control mechanism from ordinary work relationship. Its main component is supporting activities to franchisee and communication method. For example, franchisor provides advertising, training, manual, and delivery, then franchisee follows franchisor's direction. Another component is building franchisor's brand power. The last research element is performance factor of international franchising. Performance elements can be divided into franchisor's performance and franchisee's performance. The conceptual performance measures of franchisor are simple but not easy to obtain objectively. They are profit, sale, cost, experience, and brand power. The performance measures of franchisee are mostly about benefits of host country. They contain small business development, promotion of employment, introduction of new business model, and level up technology status. There are indirect benefits, like increase of tax, refinement of corporate citizenship, regional economic clustering, and improvement of international balance. In addition to those, host country gets socio-cultural change other than economic effects. It includes demographic change, social trend, customer value change, social communication, and social globalization. Sometimes it is called as westernization or McDonaldization of society. In addition, the paper reviews on theories that have been frequently applied to international franchising research, such as agent theory, resource-based view, transaction cost theory, organizational learning theory, and international expansion theories. Resource based theory is used in strategic decision based on resources, like decision about entrance and cooperation depending on resources of franchisee and franchisor. Transaction cost theory can be applied in determination of mutual trust or satisfaction of franchising players. Agent theory tries to explain strategic decision for reducing problem caused by utilizing agent, for example research on control system in franchising agreements. Organizational Learning theory is relatively new in franchising research. It assumes organization tries to maximize performance and learning of organization. In addition, Internalization theory advocates strategic decision of direct investment for removing inefficiency of market transaction and is applied in research on terms of contract. And oligopolistic competition theory is used to explain various entry modes for international expansion. Competency theory support strategic decision of utilizing key competitive advantage. Furthermore, research methodologies including qualitative and quantitative methodologies are suggested for more rigorous international franchising research. Quantitative research needs more real data other than survey data which is usually respondent's judgment. In order to verify theory more rigorously, research based on real data is essential. However, real quantitative data is quite hard to get. The qualitative research other than single case study is also highly recommended. Since international franchising has limited number of applications, scientific research based on grounded theory and ethnography study can be used. Scientific case study is differentiated with single case study on its data collection method and analysis method. The key concept is triangulation in measurement, logical coding and comparison. Finally, it provides overall research direction for international franchising after summarizing research trend in Korea. International franchising research in Korea has two different types, one is for studying Korean franchisor going overseas and the other is for Korean franchisee of foreign franchisor. Among research on Korean franchisor, two common patterns are observed. First of all, they usually deal with success story of one franchisor. The other common pattern is that they focus on same industry and country. Therefore, international franchise research needs to extend their focus to broader subjects with scientific research methodology as well as development of new theory.

• Journal of the Korea Knowledge Information Technology Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2018

This paper empirically investigates the factors that influence the consumer choice of an app market based on the rational choice theory. The app market is the only channel where a consumer can buy smartphone apps, which give various functional convenience and are considered to be a major contributor to the proliferation of smartphones. Analyses of 281 questionnaires show that usability and structural guarantees as benefit factors significantly influence the app market choice. From the cost perspectives, both monetary and non-monetary conversion costs are found to significantly influence the app market choice. On the other hand, customer trust, information quality, and market image were found to have no significant effect on app market selection. In particular, Korean app market platform providers (KT, LG U +) seem to be superior in terms of structural guarantees, such as customer center operation and damage compensation regulations, compared to overseas app market platform operators (Google). However, in the case of the Google App Market, it is pre-installed on all Android phones, so it is not inconvenient to install additional apps to use other app market. This is disadvantageous to domestic app market platform operators, and it is necessary to establish a policy solution point. In terms of operator costs, both monetary and non-monetary conversion costs have a significant impact on app market choice. In particular, non-monetary conversion costs have a negative impact on Korean app market platform operators. It can be explained that the service expectation level of the domestic app market is low and it is recognized that the time cost factor such as membership is large for new users to use. It seems to be necessary to improve the domestic app market business. Meanwhile, extant research on smartphone apps focuses on the purchase of apps themselves, but not on the selection of the app market itself. In order to fill in this gap, this study focuses on the determinants of app market selection, including the characteristics of an app market and the switching costs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

This study tried to propose a smart farm technology strategy suitable for the domestic situation, focusing on the differentiation suitable for the domestic situation of ICT technology. In the case of advanced countries in the overseas agricultural industry, it was confirmed that they focused on the development of a specific stage that reflected the geographical characteristics of each country, the characteristics of the agricultural industry, and the characteristics of the people's demand. Confirmed that no enemy development is being performed. Therefore, in response to problems such as a rapid decrease in the domestic rural population, aging population, loss of agricultural price competitiveness, increase in fallow land, and decrease in use rate of arable land, this study aims to develop smart farm ICT technology in the future to create quality agricultural products and have price competitiveness. It was suggested that the smart farm should be promoted by paying attention to the excellent performance, ease of use due to the aging of the labor force, and economic feasibility suitable for a small business scale. First, in terms of economic feasibility, the ICT technology is configured by selecting only the functions necessary for the small farm household (primary) business environment, and the smooth communication system with these is applied to the ICT technology to gradually update the functions required by the actual farmhouse. suggested that it may contribute to the reduction. Second, in terms of performance, it is suggested that the operation accuracy can be increased if attention is paid to improving the communication function of ICT, such as adjusting the difficulty of big data suitable for the aging population in Korea, using a language suitable for them, and setting an algorithm that reflects their prediction tendencies. Third, the level of ease of use. Smart farms based on ICT technology for the development of the Industry6.0 (1.0(Agriculture, Forestry) + 2.0(Agricultural and Water & Water Processing) + 3.0 (Service, Rural Experience, SCM)) perform operations according to specific commands, finally suggested that ease of use can be promoted by presetting and standardizing devices based on big data configuration customized for each regional environment.