• Korean Business Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.193-221
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• 2006

Customer Contact, defined as "the extent of interpersonal interaction between customer and service provider", is recognized as an important contributor to the perception of service quality, which in turn brings positive impacts on customer satisfaction, customer retention and loyalty especially in service contexts. The major purposes of this study are to explore the dimensionality of customer contact construct, to access the influences of customer contact dimensions on service quality dimensions, and to evaluate the relative importance of customer contact dimensions on service quality. Data from 388 customers of hotels at youngdong area in Kangwon-do were analyzed with major findings and their implications for service companies including hotels are as follows. First of all, the results of factor analysis show that customer contact is constructed with two dimensions, namely communication time and contact proximity. Secondly, overall customer contact is found to have positive effects on customers' perception of overall service quality and each dimension of customer contact has significant effects on overall service quality. Third, contact proximity dimension has relatively more important contributors than communication time has on overall service quality and four dimensions of service quality.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6B
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

This study sets the goal to improve effectively water quality of stream by complementing the weak points of the gravel contact oxidation process to use the inverted siphon curved channel system in free overfall of serial contact materials. The size of the current system can be diminished by expanding contact time, and the materials' replacement can be made easier when their gap are closed through the filtering boxes of contact materials. This system also has been developed into a construction method in which mixed and serial contact materials can be employed by using just the conventional single contact materials. It was verified the improvement ability of water quality of this system, during the simulation test at Tandong stream in Daejeon. The results of the verification of water quality improvement through several experiments in field were measured as follows : it showed to reduce about the averaged 55~83% higher than 60~75%, the internal planned goal of water quality improvement facilities.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.1256-1261
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• 2015

Along with the increase of railway catenary system operation speed to 400 km/h, there have been growing demands for good quality current collection systems that satisfy quality standards as well as criteria for safe working. Retaining uniform elasticity tension of contact wires is essential in maintaining high quality contact between pantograph and OCL (Overhead Contact Line) of current collection systems in high speed railways. Therefore, the tension of contact wire must be kept within tight tolerance limits in both working conditions and adverse weather conditions of catenary system. In accordance with these conditions, this paper presents a real time monitoring system for the tensioning device of the newly installed catenary system on the special route of Honam high speed line for 400 km/h operation. For the verification of the true value of tension of contact wires, we have developed ring-type tensioning sensors which were installed on supporting points of mast which compose the catenary system. According to the field test performed on the Honam high speed line catenary system, variation of tension was measured accurately in real-time.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess vision-related quality of life and modes of refractive error correction. We administered NEI-VFQ (National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire) to 137 subjects in two modes of refractive error correction: spectacles and contact lens wearers. The NEL-VFQ was developed to assess vision-related quality of life with respect to 1) visual symptoms 2) social function as well as difficulty with tasks and symptoms 3) economic issues and health concerns 4) psychological well-being. The NEL-VFQ was translated from English into Korean. Methods: All data were analyzed using SAS 8.0. Student's T-test was conducted to determine significant differences in each of the subscale (${\alpha}=0.05$). Result: The Peripheral Vision subscale score ($mean{\pm}SD$) was $52.2{\pm}32.7$ for the spectacle wearers, $88.6{\pm}18.1$ for contact lens wearers; the spectacle wearers' Peripheral Vision score was significantly lower than contact lens wearers (p=0.0001). There were also significant differences between two groups detected in Color Vision (p=0.001), General Vision (p=0.01) and Health Perception (p=0.01). Conclusion: Contact lens wearers and spectacle wearers were mostly high vision-related quality of life except General Vision and Health Perception. Especially, contact lens wearers were higher vision-related quality of life than spectacle wearers. Further studies on developing of good quality of contact lens will be needed to improve quality of life in ametropia.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.435-456
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• 2013

This study examined the factors influencing aging anxiety among college students. 336 college students from universities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do were participated in the survey. Regression analyses confirmed that variables influencing 4 dimensions of aging anxiety are different. Quality of contact and attitude toward elderly predicted 'Fear of Old People' dimension. As for 'Psychological Concerns', death anxiety, attitude toward elderly and Quality of contact were influencing factors. Death anxiety, Quality of contact and sex was significant factors predicting. 'Physical/Appearance anxiety'. As for Fear of Losses, Death anxiety and attitude toward elderly affect. On the whole college students' aging anxiety tended to increase as having lower death anxiety, positive quality of contact, positive attitude towards elderly. And female has higher Physical/ Appearance anxiety than male. whereas results have not found a correlation between either knowledge of aging and frequency of contact with aging anxiety. Discussion focuses on the importance of the findings, limitations and future directions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Recently, many companies have been very interested in CRM(Customer Relationship Management). Most companies have been also considering the contact center as a key CRM channel, because it is a contact point between customers and companies. It turns out that the contact center handles over 70% of all customer-company interactions and the success or failure of a company can be determined by the customer satisfaction with contact center experiences. Despite of the strategic importance of the contact center, there has been few empirical study on the efficiency of contact center operations in the literature. One of the main purposes of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of contact centers so as to not only identify the current status of contact center operations, but also suggest ways to improve operational efficiency. For this purpose, we apply a non-parametric efficiency measurement method, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), to 57 domestic contact centers in order to compare their relative efficiency. It is expected that the measurement methods suggested in this study can be applied to various issues such as service KS certification, outsourcing service management, and the productivity analysis of service personnel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.312-323
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of relationships between food service companies and their client companies by surveying employees working at cafeterias among a food service companies' client companies. For this purpose, previous research was reviewed, and confirmatory research was conducted using a questionnaire. In the questionnaire survey, the subjects were sampled through convenience sampling from the client companies of A Food Service Company, and 182 valid questionnaires were used in the analysis. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, the characteristics of the relationship between the food service company and its client companies, which were reputation, communication, operation skill, and contact-point employees' service quality, had a significant effect on trust, and the effect was high in the order of contact-point employees' service quality, communication, operation skill, and reputation. Satisfaction was significantly affected by reputation, operation skill, and contact-point employee' service quality, but not by communication. The effect was high in the order of contact-point employees' service quality, reputation, and operation skill. In addition, reputation, communication, operation skill, and contact-point employees' service quality had a significant effect on long-term orientation, and the effects were high in the order of reputation, contact-point employees' service quality, communication, and operation skill. Second, with regard to the quality of relationships between a food service company and its client companies, trust had a significant effect on satisfaction. Third, among the factors related to the quality of relationships between the food service company and its client companies, trust and satisfaction had a significant effect on long-term orientation, and the effect of satisfaction was higher than that of trust. This study has scientific significance as one of only a few studies on factors affecting the long-term relationship between food service companies and their client companies, along with managerial implications that contact-point employees' capabilities are most important in service businesses, and thus efforts should be made at employing and educating them properly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.363-369
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different sanitizers and contact times on storage quality and microbial growth in fresh-cut broccoli. Fresh broccoli samples were cut into small pieces, washed each for 90 s and 180 s in normal tap water (TW), $100\;{\mu}/l$ chlorinated water (CL, pH 7), electrolyzed water (EW, pH 7.2) containing $100\;{\mu}/l$ free chlorine, or $2\;{\mu}/l$ ozonated water ($O_3$). Then, samples were packaged in 30-${\mu}m$ polyethylene bags and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. No significant differences were observed in gas composition and color parameters ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and hue angle) among different sanitizers with contact times. No off-odor was detected during the storage. A longer contact time was not effective in reducing microbial population, except with $O_3$ washing. $O_3$ with 90 s was not much effective in reducing microbial population compared with Cl or EW. However, samples washed with $O_3$ for 180 s observed the lowest numbers of total aerobic and coliform plate counts. The result suggested that, a longer contact time of ozone can be used as a potential sanitizer to maintain the microbial quality and safety of fresh-cut broccoli.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2015

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of circle contact lens wearing on visual quality of the eyes after a refractive surgery. Methods: The objective visual quality was evaluated for 40 eyes who did not get refractive surgery and 30 eyes who got a refractive surgery after applying plano circle contact lenses on their eyes, respectively. Modulation transfer function (MTF), objective scatter index (OSI) and the focusing ratio on retina (Strehl ratio) were measured by using optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and the correlation between pupil size and objective visual quality was analyzed by measuring the pupil size. Results: When wearing circle contact lens on the eyes after refractive surgery, MTF and Strehl ratio were reduced and OSI was increased compared with the eyes without refractive surgery. The eyes after a refractive surgery showed more significant difference changes in MTF, OSI and Strehl ratio according to the pupil size compared with those without refractive surgery. Conclusions: The results showed that wearing of circle contact lens after the refractive surgery has deteriorated the objective visual quality based on the quality of focused image on the retina. Therefore, we suggest that sufficient understanding and consideration about the deterioration of visual quality is necessary in the case of circle contact lens wearing after refractive surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

The contact force between the pantograph and the catenary is a key factor determining the current collection quality, as they can ensure stable electrical power to the train. In this study, we analyzed the dynamic contact force for HEMU-430X depending on the train speed. It was confirmed through the results that the standard deviation of the contact force increases with an increase in the train speed. It was also verified that the span of the catenary system is a very important factor with regard to the contact force when analyzed with frequency analysis. To secure stable power in speed that exceeds 400km/h, the statistical variation of the contact force should be minimized. To realize this, the catenary tension was increased and the mass of the pan-head was decreased. The ensuing effects were then quantitatively analyzed in terms of the contact force. In addition, the differences in the contact force between a tunnel and an open field were analyzed based on a frequency analysis.