• Title/Summary/Keyword: quality grades

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Perspectives on the Use of Elementary Mathematics Textbooks by the Pre-service Teachers (예비교사의 초등수학교과서 활용에 대한 관점)

  • Park, Mangoo
    • Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.461-482
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the elementary pre-service teachers' perspectives on the use of the elementary mathematics textbooks by observing mathematics classes at the schools and to present suggestions on the use of textbooks in the mathematics classes. For this study, let 54 pre-service elementary school teachers observe a total of 54 classes (1,299 students) in the first through sixth grades at 15 areas in Seoul city. With the observations of the mathematics classes, the researcher analyzed the pre-service elementary teachers' perspectives on the use of resources including mathematics textbooks in the elementary mathematics classes. As a result of the study, the pre-service teachers recognized that mathematics textbooks are the main material for mathematics classes, but they think that they need to reconstruct the contents of the textbooks for effective teaching and learning mathematics. In addition, various additional materials need to be used in order to help students learn mathematics more effectively, including by differentiated materials. Also, instruments used in the classes were mainly consisted of TV and PPT data. Pre-service teachers were not much satisfied with the contents of the elementary mathematics textbooks. However, they did not feel the need for development of digital textbooks. The researcher suggested a long term research on how to use study materials such as textbooks within the overall mechanism of teaching and learning processes. Also, practical teacher education programs that include applications of textbooks at schools are necessary in order to improve the quality of mathematics teaching and learning.

A Novel Runner Design for Flow Balance of Cavities in Multi-Cavity Injection Molding (다수 빼기 사출성형에서 캐비티간 충전균형을 위한 새로운 런너의 설계)

  • Park, Seo-Ri;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Lyu, Min-Young
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.561-568
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    • 2009
  • Small injection molded articles are generally molded by multi-cavity injection molding. The most important thing in multi-cavity molding is flow imbalance among the cavities because it affects the physical property and the quality of products. The cavity filling balance can be achieved by flow balance in the runner through the thermal balance. In this study, novel screw type runner or helical type runner has been developed for the flow balance in the runner and performed experiment and computer simulation. Flow balance has been observed using various screw type runners for several resins such as amorphous and crystalline polymers including low and high viscosities grades. Flow balance experiments have been performed for various injection speeds since the flow balance can be affected by injection speed among the injection conditions. Experimental results have been compared with computational results and they showed good agreement. The cavity filling balance can be achieved by the screw runner where the temperature distribution is uniform through the circulation flow along the screw channel in the screw runner. It has been verified that the novel screw runner is very effective device in flow balance in the multi-cavity injection molding. cavity filling imbalance, multi-cavity injection molding, runner design, screw runner, thermal balance.

Renaissance of Geographic Education in the United States since 1980: Its Dynamic Process and Implications to Geographic Education in Korea (1980년대 이후 美國 地理敎育 復興運動의 展開過程과 그 示唆點: 地理學, 地理敎育, 그리고 敎育政策의 關係)

  • Seo, Tae-Yeol
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.163-178
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    • 1993
  • The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the unprecedented reform movement of geographic education in the United States since 1980 and extract some implications from this movement for geographic education in Korea. For the purpose, the history to this movement was reviewed through following three stages. In the first stage(1980~1984: form :HSGP" to :"Guideline"), the voluntary improvement movement appeared at California and the orgni-zational movement began in 1982 such as the Committee on Geography and International Knowledge. The national educational refrom imperatives, presented at "A Nation at Risk", and "Back to Basics" movement provided good opportunities to resurrect geography as a basic subject. For next real resurrection movement, the very important document "Guidelines for Geographic Education" was published at 1984. In the second stage(1985~1989: from "Guide-lines" to "Public"), the "Guideline" gave power-full motives and foci for reconstructiong the contents of geography, especially by the five fundamental themes(Location, Place, Relation-ships within Places, Movement, and Region). Also GENIP as the symbol of unity of all four major geography organization(AAG, NCGE, NGS, AGS) contributed to expanding and stren-gthening geography education. Also Geography Educagtion Program of NGS was a smart and well organized program to improve geographic education through it's a five strategies: Grass-roots organization(Alliances), Teacher education, Pu-blic awareness, Educational materials develo-pment, Targeted outreach to education decision-makers. In the late 1980s, the last focus of movement was the Public awareness and Edua-ction decision-making. In the third stage(1990-present: from "Public" to "Core Subject"), the initiative pendulum swung from geography organization to nation curricu-lum. In this National Curriculum, Geography was approved as a "Core Subject" and The 1994 National Geography Assessment Framework was constructed to assess the outcome of student's education in geography in grades, 4,8, and 12. Some Implications extracted from the process and contents of renaissance movement of geogr-aphic education in the Uinted States since 1980 are as follows. First, It shows the importance of the unity and target assignment among the geography organization. Second, interactive relationship between the academic geography and school geography develops each other. Third, teacher education, including pre-service education, including pre-service education and in-service education, is a key element to improve the quality of geography. And teacher organization is a good clearing house to exchange information for good geography. Forth, the positive and active response to changes in socketies such as globalism and inter-nationalizing, national education policy, and the trend of pedagogy is needed to rejuvenate geo-graphic education. Above all, we need to establish a well organized and powerfull program, sophisticated activities strategies, and long-term implementa-tion plan if we want more and better school geography.

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Descriptive literature review on the evaluation of the youth smoking prevention program effectiveness (청소년 흡연중재 교육프로그램의 효과평가에 관한 설명적 문헌고찰)

  • Park, Kyoung-Ok;Lee, Kyung-Won
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.6
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    • pp.35-48
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    • 2005
  • The age of the very first smoking is a significant indicator of life-long health status. Smoking prevention intervention was actively conducted based in middle and high schools with the support of the Korean Act for Health Promotion since 1998. These governmental supports became large and various smoking prevention programs were developed and conducted in diverse standards and perspectives. This study made a comprehensive descriptive literature review on smoking prevention educational programs for youth in Korea to identify the intervention quality and effectiveness of them for future smoking prevention program development. A total of 28 peer-reviewed journal articles published between May, 1995 and May 2005 (for the last 10 years) were finally included in this review process. The study participants should be adolescences in middle or high schools in Korea and the intervention types of the review studies should be smoking prevention or cessation educational programs. The outcomes of the reviewed studies were reanalyzed by the participants' characteristics, theory basement, evaluation design, intervention period, evaluation outcomes, and program effectiveness Most smoking intervention programs were not specified by sex and smoking status. Largely most intervention programs focused on male students although female students' smoking percent is increasing including both smokers and nonsmokers. Based on the school grades, the large percents of smoking intervention were conducted to the first grade of middle school and the first grade of high school. Almost 70% of the reviewed studies did not apply any health behavior change theories and the Transtheoretical model and social cognitive theory were utilized in 7 studies among the last reviewed 30%. The theory-based intervention studies had greater effectiveness than the non-theory based studies. More than 90% had quasi-experimental evaluation design and the effectiveness of the non-experimental designed study seemed over estimated than the quasi-experimental or experimental designed studies. More than 60% of the reviewed studies made their education for less than j days, over a short period and the evaluation factors were knowledge and attitude in general which can be obtained in short intervention period. Therefore, smoking intervention programs for youth in Korea need to be modified in terms of research design such as the intervention period, intervention-evaluation design, theory-based approach, and population-focused intervention specification.

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경사도별 3요소 시용수준이 겉뿌림 산지초지에 미치는 영향 I. 총건물수량 , 수량구성요소 및 식생구성비율의 변화 ( Effects of Nitrogen , Phosphorus and Potassium Application Rates on Oversown Hilly Pasture under Different Levels of Inclination I. Changes in th

  • 정연규;이종열
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.191-195
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    • 1985
  • This field experiment was undertaken to assess the effects of three levels of inclination ($10^{\circ},\;20^{\circ},\;and\;30^{\circ}$) and four rates of $N-P_2O_2-K_2O$ (O-O-O, 14-10-20, 28-25-25, and 42-40-40kg/10a) on establishment, forage yield and quality and botanical composition of new established mixed grass-clover sward. This first part is concerned with the forage yield, yield component and botanical composition. The results obtained after a two-year experiment are summarized as follows: 1. Dry matter yields of mixed grass-clover sward were greatly decreased by increasing the inclination grade of hilly pasture, whereas it of weeds was not significantly influenced. Comparing with weeds, the establishment of introduced pastures was relatively low with increasing the grade of inclination. 2. By increasing the NPK rate, the yields of grasses and mixed forages and the rate of introduced pastures were greatly increased at all grades of inclination, whereas the change in the weed yield was not significant. 3. There were the differenced in the forage yield and yield component, and efficiency of fertilizers by the grade of inclination, which indicated the necessity of different management on the selection of suitable grass species, seeding rate, amount of fertilizer application, and the methods of grassland establishment, management and utilization.

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Characteristics of Quality and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Raw and Frozen Pine-mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) (생송이 버섯과 냉동송이 버섯의 품질 및 향기 성분 특성)

  • Ku, Kyung-Hyung;Cho, Myung-Hee;Park, Wan-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.625-630
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    • 2002
  • Raw pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) of four grades and those frozen were analyzed for proximate composition, smell pattern, volatile flavor compounds, and sensory evaluation. Proximate compositions of raw pine-mushrooms (A-C, regular grade) were $89.48{\sim}90.77%$ moisture, 6.81% ash excluding D (below regular grade) sample, $2.24{\sim}2.52%$ crude lipid, and $16.19{\sim}20.01%$ crude protein. Proximate compositions of frozen pine-mushrooms preserved for 6 months at -20 and $-70^{\circ}C$ showed no difference compared with raw pine-mushrooms. Results of smell pattern and multidimensional analysis revealed raw pine-mushrooms showed no differences among samples, but frozen pine-mushrooms differed significantly depending on the grade. Volatile flavor compounds of pine-mushrooms were analyzed using a purge and trap method with GC/MSD. Twenty-nine volatile compounds were identified, among which alcohols such as 1-octen-3-ol, 2-octen-1-ol, 3-methyl-butanol, and n-octanol were commonly found in all pine-mushroom samples. In sensory attributes, raw pine-mushrooms were not significantly different at 5% level, and sample D of frozen pine-mushrooms scored lower than samples $A{\sim}C$.

Effect of Saline Flush on the Enhancement of Vascular and Liver via Saphenous Vein for Abdominal CT in Dogs

  • Kim, Song Yeon;Hwang, Tae Sung;An, Soyon;Hwang, Gunha;Go, Woohyun;Lee, Jong Bong;Lee, Hee Chun
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 2021
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the contrast effect if a saline flush following low-volume contrast medium bolus improves vascular and parenchymal enhancement using a saphenous vein in abdominal CT for small animals. Six clinically healthy beagle dogs underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced CT. They were divided into nine groups (each group, n = 6), according to the volume of contrast medium 1, 2, and 3 mL/kg, and volume of the saline solution 0, 5, and 10 mL. Dynamic CT scanning was performed at the hepatic hilum level. The maximum contrast enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, and time to equilibrium phase were calculated from the time attenuation curves. Mean attenuation values for all groups were measured in the aorta, portal vein, and liver. After contrast enhancement, grading of image quality regarding surrounding artifacts and evaluation of the hepatic hilum structures was performed. For comparison of the effect of the contrast material and saline solution doses, differences in mean attenuation values between the contrast medium 2 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, and between contrast medium 3 mL/kg without saline flush group and the remaining groups, were analyzed for statistical significance. There were no significant differences between with and without saline flushing at the same contrast medium dose groups. There were no significant differences in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of contrast medium alone and the 2 mL/kg dose of contrast medium with saline solution flush. However, there was a significant difference in peak values between the 3 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium without the saline flush group and the 2 mL/kg dose of the contrast medium alone group. Grades of the artifacts were not significantly different in the saline flush regardless of the dose of the contrast medium. Using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush resulted in similar liver parenchyma attenuation, compared with using 3 mL/kg of contrast medium without saline solution flush. In CT evaluation of hepatic parenchymal diseases, using 2 mL/kg of contrast medium with saline solution flush may yield decreased risk of contrast nephropathy and cost-saving.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Dokwhalkisaeng-tang Combined with the Medication on Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Study Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (류마티스 관절염 치료제와 병용한 독활기생탕의 효과 및 안전성: 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석 프로토콜)

  • Chae, Soo-Yeon;Jung, Chan-Yung;Kim, Joo-Hee;Kim, Eun-Jung;Seo, Byung-Kwan;Hwang, Min-Seop;Park, Seong-Sik;Kim, Kyung-Ho;Yoon, Jong-hwa;Sung, Won-Suk
    • Herbal Formula Science
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.95-100
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    • 2022
  • Objectives : Recent studies reported that Dokwhalkisaeng-tang (DHJST) could relieve the clinical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms and the level of RA-related blood test. However, evidence-based review on effectiveness and safety of DHJST with medication on RA was not yet provided. Methods : Searching randomized controlled trials on the use of DHJST for RA will be performed using multiple electronic databases, manual search, and contact to author. Studies will be selected according to the pre-defined criteria and collected data on study participants, interventions, control groups, outcome measurements, the results, adverse events, and risk of bias will be summarized. Primary outcome will be the disease activity score (including effective rate, swollen joint count, tender joint count, and morning stiffness), and the secondary outcomes will be RA-related blood test and adverse events. We will use Review Manager software to perform a meta-analysis, Cochrane Collaboration "risk of bias" tool for assessing the risk of bias, and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation for the determination of quality of evidence. Results : We are going to investigate the effectiveness and safety of DHJST with medication for RA. Conclusion : This study will provide reliable evidence on whether DHJST combined with medicine is more effective on RA than medicine monotherapy.

Formation of the Digital Generation in a Distance Learning Environment

  • Nataliіa, Levchenko;Nataliia, Sukhostavets;Lesia, Zelman;Alla, Kulichenko;Kseniia, Balabanova
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.335-341
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    • 2022
  • This article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of the digital generation in a distance learning environment. With the introduction of quarantine due to the spread of COVID-19, opponents of digital technologies were forced to turn to relevant resources, while supporters identified new opportunities for the development of didactics and education in general. The irreversibility of the former educational reality became apparent and only the scale of the vision of potential change by interested and disinterested groups differed. Using a comprehensive approach, the authors consider the issues related to the direct and indirect impact of distance learning on children and young people born after the beginning of the XXI century. The article reveals the prerequisites and implications of distance education for the interaction of participants in the educational process. IC technologies during the educational process in the primary grades, in addition to identifying the student's learning deficit, should provide the transmission of non-verbal signals, which are important for children of this age. At the same time in the secondary school IR-technologies are designed to replace frontal learning during the assimilation of knowledge and at the same time not to worsen the quality of the educational process. Formation of students in the HEI takes place in the political science format, constant discussion of problem situations, so the task of introducing IC technology in this process is the accurate transfer of the content of the discussions. Individualization and autonomization of the educational process, its dependence on the results of the choice of educational content, and the use of pedagogical management tools change the philosophy of education for children and youth. The authors conclude that the formation of a digital generation, characterized by an increased level of digital literacy of children and youth, the possession of a certain level of digital capacity requires the use of strategies aimed at optimizing the learning process in a digital educational environment.

Variation in Characters by Grades of Malting Barley from Different Locations (검사등급이 다른 맥주보리의 지역에 따른 형질변이)

  • Chun, Jong-Un;Cheong, Dong-Hee;Lee, Eun-Sup
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 1990
  • In order for investigating the variability of the characters related to malting barley quality of the different seed lots, about 150 seed lots sampled from the six districts in the southern parts of Cheonnam were analysed. The percentages of the first, second, and off grade of different seed lots of inspected malting barley were 25.9%, 62.7% and 11.4%, respectively. The coefficients of variation (CV) for years in the first grade was 25.0% and the off grade 43.4%. The CVs for 1,000 grain weight, assortment rate, grain colour, germination energy and capacity of different seed lots were 9.1%, 13.2%, 35.7%, 6.2% and 5.0%, respectively. Also, the CV for starch content of different seed lots was 4.8% and 9.6% for ${\beta}$-glucan, 14.0% for crude protein, 14.7% for husk rate, respectively. Seventy five percentage of seed lots in the first grade was fitted for the Agricultural Inspection Law of malting barley and the fitted rates in the second and off grade were 90% and 83%, respectively. The grade of malting barley were positively correlated with grain colour, crude protein, crude fiber, husk rate and ${\beta}$-glucan, but negatively with assortment rate, 1,000 grain weight, germination energy and capacity and starch content.

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