• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.4105-4105
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• 2001

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was employed to qualify and quantify on survival, the injury rate and apoptosis of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% FCS in a 95% air and 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37$^{\circ}C$. For the viable cells preparation, cells were de-touched by 0.1% of trypsin treatment and washed with RPMI supplemented with 10% FCS medium by centrifugation at 1000 rpm for 3min. For the dead cells preparation, cells were de-touched by a cell scraper. The cells were counted by a hemacytometer, and the viability was estimated by the exclusion method with frypan blue dye. Each viable and dead cells were suspended in PBS (phosphate bufferred saline) or milk at the cell density desired. For the quantitative determination of cell death by measuring the LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activity liberated from cells with cell membrane injuries, LDH-Cytotoxic Test Wako (Wako, Pure Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Japan) was used. We found that NIRS measurement of MCF-7 cells at the density range could evaluate and monitor the different characteristics of living cells and dead cells. The spectral analysis was performed in two wavelength ranges and with 1,4, 10 mm pathlength. Different spectral data pretreatment and chemometrics methods were used. We applied SIMCA classificator on spectral data of living and dead cells and obtained good accuracy when identifying each class. Bigger variation in the spectra of living cells with different concentrations was observed when compared to the same concentrations of dead cells. PLS was used to measure the number of cells in PBS. The best model for measurement of dead cells, as well as living cells, was developed when raw spectra in the 600-1098 nm region and 4 mm pathlength were used. Smoothing and second derivative spectral data pretreatment gave worst results. The analysis of PLS loading explained this result with the scatter effect found in the raw spectra and increased with the number of cells. Calibration for cell count in the 1100-2500 nm region showed to be very inaccurate.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.5
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• pp.1105-1122
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• 2004

The organization and company's effort to improve software qualify contributes to the increase of software productivity and quality in some sense. However, it has not been a solution of root causes. This result is caused not because of people or technology, but process in-stitutionalization. Recently SQA (Software Quality Assurance), which provide mechanism to make sure that the software development process and products follow the assigned requirements, plan and standards, is applied to achieve the quality improvements. Several standards and models are developed for SQA activities. However, those standards and mode]s are written in form and do not provide information related to the detailed procedures, methods and outputs. Therefore, the organizations that want to adopt those models or standards have to put a lot of effort to acquire the knowledge about the models and to set up SQA Process that is tailored to meet organization's goal and objectives. In this research, we developed SQA support package to support the organization to develop their SQA process in more convenient and systematic ways. With this package, the organizations can establish SQA Process by tailoring those features necessary to reflect organization's characteristics. We expect this package contribute the organizations in a way that it reduce the effort and cost for establishing SQA process.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.6 s.95
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• pp.773-780
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• 2004

In this paper, we measured the transmission characteristics of a MPEG2 and a DV that are typical stream-type traffics on the very high speed network and carried out the subjective evaluation of end users for these stream-types. In the subjective evaluation of these stream-type data, video quality evaluation is based on ITU-R BT.500-1 and audio qualify evaluation is based on ITU-R BS.1116-1. Also experiment method to acquire the subjective evaluation of end users is selected the 5 grades method of DSCQS. Under the same condition, in case of MPEG2, the evaluation grade of the video and the audio duality becomes deteriorated at the load rate of $54\%$ that network traffic increases rapidly. In case of DV the evaluation grade of video duality began decrease, but the degree of the change was slower than MPEG2 at the same load rate. Moreover the subjective evaluation grade of end users was superior to load rate $70\%$ in case of DV audio quality, traffic and QoS control that consider the subjective evaluation of end user is required. Conclusively, in case of MPEG2, we can perform traffic control that only use the actual measurement values on the network. However in case of DV, we can perform traffic control that the actual measurement values on the network and the subjective evaluation of end users are considered at the same time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.522-526
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• 2006

To investigate the characteristics of rainwater in Daegu area, parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, TOC, TIC and TC were analyzed on 34 samples from January to December 2005. Results revealed that higher values were measured in winter than in summer. Furthermore samples that originated from industrial and commercial areas had higher chemical concentrations and conductivity as compared with those from residential and reference areas. Seldom acid-rain occurrence was recorded(27.2%) as compared with non-acid precipitation(72.8%) incidence. Also higher organic carbon fraction(TOC) was detected(72.5%) than inorganic form(TIC)(27.5%) in terms of component ratio with TC. During frequent rainfalls, the concentration of chemicals was decreased to a degree. Conversely, lower rate of rainfall gave out higher chemical values. Thereby the improvement of air qualify in 2005 compare with 2003 report was influenced by the environment authorities' efforts to reduce air pollutions and various factors by the depression of the region's economy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2003

Microcapsules were prepared by coacervation method using acetone/liquid paraffin system to control the ripening of kimchi. Eudragit E100, which was soluble at below pH 5.0 in aqueous solution, was used to make microcapsules to be sensitive to acidity of kimchi. The microcapsules with Eudragit E100 containing grapefruit seed extract (GFSE) showed the highest yield of 92.13%, the size of microcapsules was decreasing as increasing the amount of aluminium stearate, a dispersing agent. Morphology of the microcapsules determined by scanning electron microscopy showed spherical forms. GFSE, encapsulated antimicrobial agents, was quickly released at acidic buffer (pH 4,5,6) within 1 storage day. However, 70% of encapsulated GFSE in Eudragit E100 microcapsules was continuously released at pH 7 till 3 days, and it was sustained till 9 days. Characteristics of kimchi containing microcapsules of GFSE were analysed with ripening period. Decease of pH in kimchi was retarded with the added GFSE microcapsules till 2 days of fermentation, but GFSE did not affect pH in kimchi after 3 days. Total numbers of microorganisms and lactic acid microorganisms in kimchi were decreased with increasing the amount of the added GFSE microcapsules, however, the effect of controlled released GFSE from pH sensitive Eudragit E100 microcapsules was hard to detect. These results suggest the possibility of pH sensitive microcapsules for high qualify of kimchi.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The ships over the certain navigation area or her length are required to carry charts under the relevant laws. Charts are indispensible to the ships and fishing vessel, because their crew should know the water depth and location of obstacle in order to avoid danger in the navigation and fishing area. But it was found that many ships do not carry proper charts onboard according to the research marine accidents files of marine accident inquiry agency, and questionnaire survey. Consequently, many ships run aground on the coast and port. This study examined the present status of the coastal ship and the fishing vessels, and explained some problems in the aspect of the covering area, the place, the number of the selling agent and adjoining chart, as well as the geographical and traffic density, the crew on board the ship's characteristics, and so on. In this study we propose the way to solve the problem. firstly, the category of the fishing vessel which should carry the chart on bard under the related laws are required to be lowered to 10 gross tons. Besides a ship inspector should examine if the charts covering the area where to navigate even when the temporary inspection is done are carried on board property. Secondly, the inspection body or the controlling office of ship's entry and departure should check throughly whether the ships concerned carry the chart on board. Thirdly the fishing vessels should used the fishing charts, and the body concerned should train the offices about how to use chart, especiany the difference between Tokyo datum and WGS-84 datum. Fourthly the customized chart such as an atlas like a map, a calenda-type chart, a small chart, as a coated chart needs to be publish for the safety of small ship and fishing vessel. Fifthly, it is advisable to draw a recommended course in the route where the coastal navigate mainly and in the narrow channel, The adjoining area should be improved, as well as the qualify of the chart paper. Sixthly, publication of additional new chart in the southern part of East Sea, the eastern part of South Sea, the western part of South Sea and middle part of Yellow Sea near Incheon port should be thought over. Seventhly, the number of chart selling agent should be increased for the sake of purchaser in proportion to the number of port, and small correction of charts in selling agent must be carried out completely.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2006

In this study on the recipe for Yakgwa in Jeonbuk province, a survey of the ingredients, the quantity and the recipe for Yakgwa were conducted by an interview with the notable maker of it in 9 regions ; Jeonju, Imshil, Jangsu, Jeongup, Namwon(Samaemyeon & Dukgwamyeon), Wanju, Gochang, Iksan, away from each other. The hardness testing and the sensory evaluation of Yakgwa were carried out to compare with the control group and Jeonbuk Yakgwa. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. Common ingredients of Yakgwa examined in 9 regions were flour, sesame oil or soybean oil, honey or sugar, ginger juice, alcoholic drinks and etc. The quantity of oil (sesame or soybean) per kilogram of flour was as follows between one-half and one cup of oil, between one and three cups of honey or sugar, between one-half and one cup of ginger juice and between one-half and one cup of alcoholic drinks. Making of Yakgwa in Jeonju and Imshil area, knead flour with the liquid ingredients which are mixed together before. In other areas, after sifting the mixed flour with sesame oil, and then knead the remaining with the sifted. 2. The result of the hardness testing of Yakgwa was that it is higher in this order, Iksan, Imshil, the control group, Jeongup, Jeonju. With while the difference of syrup used in each of them, the result of hardness testing in the same order shows that the component of Yakgwa has more great effect on the hardness than a kind of syrup on which the result by using syrup before&after cooking. And in the sensory evaluation, the surface color of Iksan Yakgwa was the most bright of all, and the shininess was of Imshil and the control group, the cracked level, the softness, the sweet taste and the oily taste of Jeonju Yakgwa was better than other Also, the overall preference, though less meaningful, was same result.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.442-447
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• 1999

A curd yogurt was prepared by fermenting milk added with skim milk powder and purple sweet potato by culture of 5 types of lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus delbruekii sub. sp. lactis, Streptococcus lactis, acidity, number of viable cell, stability of purple sweet potato's pigment and keeping qualify. Among the organisms tested, the acid production and number of viable cell by the culture of L bulgaricus remarkably increased for the first 12 hem which showed 1.04${\times}$10$\^$9/ CFU/mL in number of viable cell and 4.22 In pH where as fermentation by the culture of B. bifidum was slow. After 36 hours of incubation which showed 3.3 ${\times}$ l0$\^$8/ CFU/mL in number of viable cell and 5.1 in pH. In stabilities of purple sweet potato anthocyanin pigment n fermentation, yogurt by B. bifidum was found to be most stable followed by Leuc. lactis, L. delbruekii sub. sp. lactis, L bulgaricus, but yogurt by St. lactis was not stable. When curd yogurt added with Purple sweet Potato was kept at 2∼3$^{\circ}C$ for 14 day, its keeping quality(pH, titratable acidity, number of viable cell) was relative good except product by L. bulgaricus was found to be decreased most of viable cell. After 2 weeks of keeping, pigment of yogurt was decreased by B. bifidum, stable by L. delbruekii sub. sp. lactis.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis on the egg qualify, blood characteristics and fecal $NH_3-N$ in laying hens. A total of two hundred fifty two laying hens were randomly allocated into three treatments with seven replications for six weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (control; basal diet), 2) BS0.2(control + $0.2\%$ Bacillus subtilis) and 3) BS0.4 (control +$0.4\%$ Bacillus subtilis). For overall Period, hen-day egg production tended to increase by the Bacillus subtilis $0.4\%$ in the diets, but was no significant difference. Egg weight, egg shell breaking strength, egg shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk color unit and egg yolk index were not affected by treatments. Difference of egg weight and egg shell breaking strength in the BS0.2 treatment tended to increase without significant difference. Difference of egg yolk index in laying hens fed Bacillus subtilis was increased (P<0.05). The concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) were not significant difference. $NH_3-N$ concentration in feces with BS0.4 treatment was significantly (P<0.05) lower than control. In conclusion, dietary Bacillus subtilis could decrease fecal $NH_3-N$.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2004

Purpose: The object of this study Is to investigate sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, psychology, self-esteem and quality of life in cancer patients on radiation therapy and to provide useful information for therapeutic approach to cancer patients on radiation therapy. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 36 patents who had been treated with radiation therapy and 20 normal people. Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics of cancer patients on radiation therapy were investigated, and symptom checklist-90-revised, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale for self esteem, World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument for quality of life were administered to subjects. And Spearman's correlation analysis was used among these. Result : The tendency of somatization, depression, anxiety and hostility in cancer group were significantly higher than normal group. Self esteem and quality of life in cancer group were significantly lower than normal group. No significant difference was found in comparison of psychology, self esteem and qualify on life according to sociodemographic variables. Among clinical characteristics, in the presence of metastasis in cancer patients, the scores of anxiety, phobia and paranoid ideation were higher In patients with pain, the score of somatization was higher And in case of weight loss, the score of somatization was higher. The higher score of depression, anxiety and hostility were significantly associated with lower self-esteem. And higher score of somatization, depression, anxiety and hostility were significantly associated with lower quality of life. Conclusion: Understanding and management of psychological symptoms, such as somatization, depression, anxiety, and hostility, and pain control are necessary to improve quality of life in cancer patients on radiation therapy.