• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1409-1416
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• 2007

국내 시중에서 유통되는 국내외 브랜드의 퓨어 및 정제올리브유에 대한 이화학적 특성 및 이들의 향기 성분을 비교 분석하였다. 총 7종의 퓨어 및 정제 올리브유의 지방산 조성을 비교한 결과 palmitic(16:0, $10.2{\sim}16.8$ mole%), palmitoleic(16:1, $0.7{\sim}2.4$ mole%), stearic(18:0, $1.9{\sim}3.0$ mole%), oleic(18:1, $61.2{\sim}74.7$ mole%), linoleic(18:2, $9.4{\sim}18.0$ mole%) 및 linolenic acid(18:3, $0.5{\sim}0.9$ mole%)로 분석되었다. 색도 분석에서 퓨어 및 정제 올리브유의 $L^*$값은 $92.2{\sim}99.0$, $a^*$값은 $-22.2{\sim}-3.2$, $b^*$값은 $18.5{\sim}55.0$을 나타내었다. 이들의 총 페놀 함량 측정 결과 국내 브랜드 퓨어 올리브유에서는 $2.2{\sim}13.3$ mg/100g, 수입 브랜드 퓨어 및 정제 올리브유에서는 $1.9{\sim}5.1mg/100g$으로 나타났고, ${\alpha}$-토코페롤 함량은 $7.91{\sim}13.88$ mg/100g로 조사되었다. 퓨어 및 정제올리브유 시료들의 초기 POV는 $6.83{\sim}20.31$ meq/kg의 수치를 보였고, 이들의 induction period time은 $17.37{\sim}34.72$ hr로 나타났다. 주요 향 성분의 구별을 위해 SPME-GC/MS 분석을 실시한 결과, 올리브유의 주요 향 성분으로 acetic acid, hexanal, heptanal, 2,4-dimethyl-heptane 등이 동정되었고, MOS 유형의 전자코를 이용하여 퓨어 및 정제 올리브유 향기패턴에 대한 주성분분석을 한 결과, 이들의 원산지별과 국내 수입 브랜드 및 혼합율에 의한 향기 성분 패턴 경향성을 찾아보기 어려웠다.