• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.279-304
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• 2022

This paper quantitatively analyzes the current status of North Korean consumer payment instruments through a questionnaire survey of 292 North Korean defectors. In the 2010s, it was found that the payment experience ratio of domestic currency cash and grain decreased, while the payment experience ratio of foreign currency cash increased. The use of foreign currency reached a stage where it was spread not only as a store of value but also as a medium of exchange. However, the most frequently used payment instrument by North Korean consumers was still domestic currency cash. By region, in inland urban areas both domestic currency cash and U.S. dollars are used and in the North Korea-China border region both domestic currency cash and Chinese yuan are used, while in inland rural areas dollarization does not occur because both domestic currency cash and grain are used. Meanwhile, despite the stable price trend during 2013-2019, the dollarization hysteresis effect is appearing, and both the purchasing power risk theory and the network externality theory are considered to have explanatory power for the cause. The results of this paper suggest that as dollarization is intensifying, it is expected that more costs such as shortages of commodities will be incurred than in the past if North Korea's de-dollarization policy is reimplemented. Also, in the case of domestic currency cards, which the North Korean authorities introduced in 2015 as part of a means of financial reform, this paper suggests that it may continue to be difficult for domestic currency cards to normalize official finance under the dollarization hysteresis.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.201-210
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• 2000

문화의 흐름은 끊임없이 변화한다. 그러한 문화의 변화는 항상 새로운 세대에 의하여 주도되어져왔다 현재도 우리는 신세대에 의한 새로운 문화의 사조에 접해있다. 그리고 그러한 새로운 문화의 주인공은 다름 아닌 10대에서 20대 중반에 이르는 이 시대의 젊은 계층, 소위 신세대집단(新世代集團)임을 알 수 있다. 이들은 허리끈을 졸라매어 온 지난 세대와는 달리 경제적 풍요 속에서 그들 나름의 독특한 소비중심의 구매 패턴에 익숙해 져온 세대들이므로 기업으로서는 그들의 소비잠재력에 매력을 가지지 않을 수 없다. IMF의 한파가 끝나가고 21세기가 시작된 오늘날 소비시장에 있어서 이제 신세대는 강력한 단일 소비계층의 세력으로 자리잡으면서 점점 더 폭발적이고 파괴적인 구매패턴을 보이고 있다. 이 시점에서 이들의 소비문화와 성향을 조사 연구하는 것은 아무리 강조하여도 지나치지 않을 것이다. 기성 디자이너들은 이들의 성향과 문화적 속성을 면밀히 검토 파악한 바탕 위에 마케팅전략을 세워야 할 것이며, 더불어 이들을 미래의 소비집단으로 계속해서 이끌어 가기 위하여서는 세대가 바뀔 때마다 새로이 진압되는 신세대들의 문화의 속성이 어떻게 변화하고 있는지에 대해 계속적인 관찰을 해 나가야 할 것이다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.545-556
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• 2014

The most rapidly growing manufacturing could be cosmetics industries due to this phenomenon. In this study, the cosmetic distribution structure not to mention Korea, Asia's largest market, China and Japan are based on references. Purpose of study is to provide a basis for marketing strategy through the research process and results. Korea cosmetics market has been exerting a tremendous power of LG Household & Health and Amore Pacific as a major company. Cosmetics industry is rapidly booming around the mid-priced brand through internet shopping, TV shopping, and road shops. Cosmetics preferences were analyzed targeted at tourists by distributing questionnaire to 1500 in road shop and Myeong-dong from September 14 to October 13, 2013. The answers for the questions of the most awareness cosmetic brands in Korea are appeared in order of Laneige, Innisfree, The Face Shop. The satisfaction of the use of Korea cosmetic are 61.85% and the reasons are that in a variety of color cosmetics are 32.58%, the reaction of around that you look prettier are 29.34%. Therefore purchasing products are 49.14% of the color cosmetics and 24.93% of the functional products. Within the result of the survey, although the quality versus the price for the Korean cosmetic brands has been competitive advantage over yet from the advertising of Korea wave stars, the foreign purchasers have been willing to buy the color cosmetics and high-end performance products being the research and development of the continuously higher quality of the performance if the preceding even if being more expensive purchase price.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

The bra is one of the most essential pieces of women's underwear which gives support for the breasts and holds them in position to make better outer appearance of upper body. Despite being worn by most women of all ages, brassiere manufacturers often use brassiere sizes and shapes that are close to the body measurements of women in their 20s, which raises questions whether the bras are suitable for older women's physique. Also, many lingerie markets tend to center on designs and tastes of younger women, leaving those of older women are largely ignored in the manufacturing process despite the fact that their purchasing power and market shares are expected to grow in conjunction with the aging of the global population. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to provide information about bra preferences and breast perceptions of the middle-aged and older US women over the age of 40 years to help manufacturers better understand the bra purchasing priorities and bra elements of older women and prompt them to design bras with a high level of fit and comfort that are appreciated by the population groups as a means to ultimately acquire competitive edge in the fast growing aging market. An email survey and interviews were conducted with 301 US women who live in New York City. The findings of this study suggest that there are internal and external factors such as changes in body and breast shapes with age influence the level of fitness and effectiveness of bra components, and thus the responses to the questions on bra preferences and breast perceptions varied between the researched age groups.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.380-385
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• 2006

경남 지역에 거주하는 178명의 주부를 대상으로 브랜드 돈육의 소비 행동을 조사하였다. 조사 결과 소득 수준과 연령에 따라 브랜드 돈육에 대한 구매 형태가 서로 다르게 나타났다. 분석 결과, 소득 수준별로는 브랜드 돈육 인지 경로(p<0.01), 브랜드명이 구입에 미치는 영향(p<0.1), 품질 인증기관 선호도(p<0.01)에서 유의적인 차이가 있었으며, 연령 간에는 브랜드 돈육의 구입 장소(p<0.05)와 구입 횟수(p<0.1)에서 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 따라서 현재 유통되고 있는 브랜드 돈육의 정착 및 향후 브랜드 돈육 개발을 위해서는 소비자의 구매 행동을 세분화하여 파악하여 적용하여야 할 것이며, 이를 위해 더 많은 다양한 연구가 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.123-140
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consistency of socially responsible consumer attitudes and behaviors toward environment problem. The major findings were as follows; 1. The socially responsible consumer behaviors toward environment problem were classified into resource conservation purchasing & using in green product and recycling behavior by factor analysis. 2. Correlation coefficient of the socially responsible attitudes and behaviors toward environment problem was found to be above. 43. This result implies that the consistency of socially responsible attitudes and behaviors was very high. 3. In the area of total socially responsible consumer attitudes and behaviors toward environment problem the related variable on the consistency of attitude and behavior were altruism perceived power of big business liberalism alienation dogmatism perceived consumer effectiveness faith on the environmental regulation policy experience of environment education and consumer i formation.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.201-230
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• 2017

This paper studies the long-run behavior of relative price dispersion among cities in Korea with a special emphasis on heterogeneous transitional patterns of price level dynamics. Formal statistical tests indicate considerable evidence for rejecting the null of relative price level convergence among the majority of cities over the sample period of 1985-2015. The analysis of gravity model suggests that the effect of transportation costs on intercity price level differentials is limited, while other socioeconomic factors, such as income, input factor prices, demographic structure, and housing price growth, play key roles in accounting for persistent regional price level disparities. Individual price levels are found to be better explained by a multiple-component model, and the deviations from PPP may be attributed to distinct stochastic common trends that are characterized by income and demographic structure.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.985-995
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• 2015

Add-on selling can provide new chances to increase sellers' profits and meet customers' needs. Although prior studies have advocated add-on selling for its business value, there is an argument that add-on selling can cause customer repulsion. Therefore, we need to understand customer purchasing pattern related to add-on selling in order to promote it and to mitigate the customer repulsion. To that end, we applied data mining techniques to the 24,925 transactions of data from an online open market in Korea. We then conducted feature selection to investigate the most influential factors that can explain the characteristics of add-on selling transactions using a classification model. We also identified association rules among add-on selling and promotions. Finally, based on the findings in our experiments, we proposed add-on selling strategies for the target online market.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.54-68
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• 2003

This study aims at efficiency of kitchen management by adoption of a systematic central kitchen and conversion of conventional kitchen to convenience kitchen at ' H ' restaurant. First, integrated menu control of banquet buffet functions became more competitive with quality menu and eventually brought about guests satisfaction. Second, systematic central kitchen made possible standardization and mass production through simplified production line. Efficiency through quick service and shortened preparation time was realized, and food materials were recycled effectively at the same time. Integrated ordering lowered purchasing price and built an efficient cost control system. Third, conversion of conventional kitchen to convenience kitchen and strengthened central kitchen system facilitated agreeable work conditions and optimal work flow with butcher's and even sauce making utensils. Fourth, integrated supply system of buffet menu and sauce from western restaurants saved about 520 million won of labor costs. Last, one integrated kitchen out of two was easier in sanitation control with pleasant restaurant space. Sharing kitchen facilities and equipments also saved about 30% of maintenance fee. Power, water, and gas were also saved and eventually curtailed overall expenses.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.949-963
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• 2000

Jambangee's advertisements in spring 1998 attracted public attention by the differentiating message of 'nationalism'. The purpose of this paper is to interpret Korean youth's culture of consumption, value, thought and culture expressed in these advertisements. The semiotic analytic method of F. Saussure and R. Barthe were used. Metaphor and metonymy as interpretive tools were used. Two levels of meaning, denotation and connotation were examined, and idelogies and mythologies were sought. Contrary to the most of jean advertisements which show youth, characteristic style, western life style and westernized beauty, refinement, materialism, and social differentiation, Jambangee's advertisement showed nationalism and patriotism. These advertisements criticized that preference of imported goods and ostentation of purchasing power brought crisis of economy and I.M.F. system. Jambangee's jeans symbolized as the meaning of nationalism and patriotism were suggested as a way to save our country. Jambangee's advertisements are meaningful. Because we had accepted western fashion passively so far, but for the first time Jambangee applied Korean design elements to jeans and gave new meanings to them through the 'nationalism'campaign.