• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2011

In order to analyze principles of taking concoction and make clear the origin of contraindication against five pungent vegetables, the regulations of Guizhitang prescription in "Shanghanlun" the twelfth article and "Wushierbingfang", "Wuweihandaiyijian", "Jinguiyaolue" were researched. Four principles of taking concoction were put in order; strengthening the effect of concoction by eating hot rice gruel and wearing bedclothes, preventing decline of drug effect by food regulations, optimization of elution and effect of material herbs by crushing, low heating, determination of administration time based on manifestations of drug effect by sweating and its aspect. These principles and methods of taking concoctions were developed from boiling to simple processing of material herbs, contraindication in the middle of taking concoction and perspiration by wearing bedclothes and eating hot rice gruel in order from the analysis of medical literatures. The contraindication against pungent vegetables were generalized in early Dong-Han dynasty already, and the five pungent vegetables were inferred as Allium tuberosum, Allium bakeri regel, spring onion, wild rocambole and garlic in medical context to the exclusion of religious idea. The reason of prohibition against five pungent vegetables could be interpreted as optimization of therapeutic effects by pharmacological control of pungent ingredients because the healthy qi damage and evil qi retention were resulted from destroying of harmonious ying and wei by overeating pungent vegetables during disease state. Conclusively the regulations of Guizhitang prescription referred to taking concoction in "Shanghanlun" fulfilled their functions to maximize pharmacological effects through various ways inside and outside and these reasonal principles of taking concoction has been influenced over the traditional medical practice deeply.

• 분석과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.541-545
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• 1994

한국산 고추분들의 매운맛 성분을 조사한 결과 한국산 고추의 capsaicin과 dihydrocapsaicin의 합은 7.0~75.9mg/100g으로 매운맛이 광범위하게 존재하였고, 품종의 지표값인 이들 두 capsaicinoids량의 비값도 0.8~1.1로 여러 품종의 고추들이 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 매운맛에 대한 관능검사 결과 강도는 기기 분석의 결과와 완전히 비례하였고 매운맛이 10ppm 이상부터는 관능이 포화상태에 도달하였다. 우리 나라 사람들의 매운맛 선호 농도는 7.8~15.6ppm으로 넓은 범위에 걸친 기호도를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 1985

Volatile components of Korean horseradish roots harvested at different dates were prepared by steam distillation. Samples were examined by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major pungent constituent, allyl isothiocyanate was confirmed add tended to increase with delayed harvest time. Pungent principles also included allyl thiocyanate, 2-phenethyl, 2-butyl, 4- pentenyl, benzyl and 3-methylthiopropyl isothiocyanates. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy study showed that allyl isothiocyanate - thiocyanate interconversion did not occur under the condition of this study.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 1989

고속 액체크로마토그래피를 이용하여 고추 중의 주요 신미성분인 Capsaicin 및 Dihydrocapsaicin을 분석하기 위한 최적 조건을 검토하고 고추의 품종, 재배지역 및 건조 방법에 따른 함량의 차이를 비교 검토하였다. 시료중의 Capsaicin 및 Dihydrocapsaicin을 70% ethanol, $60^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 처리함으로써 효과적으로 추출할 수 있었으며 재현성 및 회수율시험 결과 분석데이타의 해석은 피이크의 면적을 기준으로 하는 것이 바람직함을 알수 있었다. 고추의 품종, 재배지역 및 건조 방법에 따라 함량의 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 특히 건조방법에 의한 차이가 더욱 현저하여 태양건조의 경우가 기계건조의 경우에 비하여 capsaicin의 경우는 최고 80%, dihydrocapsaicin의 경우는 최고 60% 정도 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-127
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• 1987

천초(川椒)나무를 과피(果皮) 및 수피(樹皮)로 구분(區分)하고 Chloroform으로 추출(抽出)한 신미성분(辛味成分)은 HPLC로, 수증기(水蒸氣) 증유(蒸溜)하여 얻은 정유성분(精油成分)은 GC로 각각(各各) 분리(分離)하였다. 과피(果皮)에서는 미지(未知)의 신미성분(辛味成分) 2가지와 함께 70.3%의 가장 높은 함유율(含有率)을 보인 Sanshool III를 비롯하여 SanshooI (17.2%) Sanshool IV(11.0%) Sanshool V(0.8%)가 분리되었으며, 수피(樹皮)에서는 미지(未知)의 신미성분(辛味成分) 4가지와 함께 53.9%의 가장 높은 함유율(含有率)을 보인 Sanshool III를 비롯하여 Sanshoo lVI(10.9%), Sanshool I(7.9%), Sanshool V(3.3%)가 분리되었는데, 과피(果皮)의 신미성분(辛味成分) 총함량(總含量)이 樹皮의 12배나 되었다. 과피(果皮) 및 수피중(樹皮中)의 정유성분(精油成分) 총함량(總含量)은 각각(各各) 1.8%와 0.5%로 과피(果皮)에서 더 높았는데, 과피(果皮)에서는 37.7%의 Cineol+Limonene이 주된 정유성분(精油成分)을 이루었으며, 수피(樹皮)에서는 16.5%의 D-Terpineol과 15.5%의 Pinene이 대부분이었다. 과피(果皮) 및 수피중(樹皮中)의 정유성분(精油成分)은 Pinene, Myrcene, Cineol+Limonene, Linalool, Isopulegol, Terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}-Terpineol$ 그리고 Piperitone 등으로 이루어졌으며, 그 외에 7가지 미지(未知)의 성분(成分)도 분리되었는데, 이 중 dl-Limonene은 천초(川椒)의 된 향기성분(香氣成分)이라 판정(判定)할 수 있는 것으로서 이의 함량(含量)은 수피(樹皮)에서보다 과피(果皮)에서 더 높았다.baryl 및 permethrin 처리구(處理區)에서 증대(增大)되었다.밝혀진 것 보다 더 많은 종류의 버섯이 초파리와 번식적인 면에서 상관관계를 가질 것으로 판단된다.의 쓴맛을 완화시켜 기호도를 상승시키는 효과가 있었다. 그러나 미삼추출분말 첨가군의 저장성이 향상되었던 것과는 달리 미삼추출분말과 오미자즙을 함께 넣은 처리구에서는 대조군과 비슷한 발효 양상을 보이는 결과가 나타났는데 이는 미삼과 오미자즙의 상호작용에 의한 결과라고 생각되며, 이에 관한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다.다.육(肉)의 평균 보존 일수는 비첨가육 보다 2 % 첨가육이 7일 (돈육(豚肉), 8일), 5% 첨가육이 9일(돈육(豚肉), 10일) 그리고 10% 첨가육은 12일(돈육(豚肉)도 동일(同一))까지 연장 가능하였다. 2당류인 maltose, lactose, saccharose를 첨가 하였을 경우 pH의 저하 효과는 있었으나 첨가 농도가 높을수록 산패 경향이 높았으며 보존 기간 연장을 위한 효과는 단당류인 glucose에 미치지 못하였다.성적은 돼지와 가토의 뇌동맥에서 ACh은 내피세포-의존성 이완반응을 일으키며그 이완반응은 muscarinic receptor를 통해 나타났고, 가묘뇌동맥에서 ACh은 혈관수축제의 역할을 갖고 있음을 시사하고 있다.an Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)3 for acupuncture)을 채택 공표한다. 독일 보험 회사들도 침의 효과와 효율성을 검증하기 위해 대규모 실험을 시작했다. 100,000 명이 넘는 환자들이 무작위 표본추출 대조군 실험을 통해 평가되고 있는데 이 실험은 병원이나 일차의료기관의 외래에서 진행되고 있다. 영국에서는 이 분야의 유력한 Edzard Ernst가 위의 개념과 비슷한 구도를 설정 공표하는데 보완의학 분야의 많은 다른 전문가들의 견해를 무릎 쓰고, 그는 증거기반 의학에 대한 그의 신념을 표방한다. "무작위

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2007

Background and Objectives : There are three kinds of formulas for purging the spleen to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sabeetang, Sabeehwan, Sabeesan and Sabeeeum. Another formulas called Sahwangtang, Sahwangsan. Sahwangeum is to purge the yellow colour of spleen. There are 8 kinds of Sabeetang, 3 kinds of Sabeehwan, 3 kinds of Sabeesan, 1 kind of Sabeeeum, 4 kinds of Sahwangtang, 7 kinds of Sahwangsan, and 1 kind of Sahwangeum. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the spleen, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Sabeetang for curing the sthenic syndrome of spleen through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sabeetang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Sabeetang. Methods : This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sabeetang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$ , the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Sabeetang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Rhizoma Coptidis (2don;7.5g), No.2 Fructus Gardeniae (1don;3.75g), No.3 Ramulus Cinnamomi (1don), No.4 Gypsum Fibrosum (1don), No.5 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (1don), No.6 Cortex Magnoliae Omcinalis (1don), and No.7 Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei (1don) Results : There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of spleen according to the five elements doctrine : purging the spleen, purging the lung and invigorating the liver. First, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, you need to purge your spleen. There are two available methods, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the bitter taste and the cool property purge the spleen. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with bitter taste. Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Gardeniae, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, three herbal medicines with the cool property, Gypsum Fibrosum, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, you need to purge your lung which is child in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the lung, including taste and property purgation according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the pungent taste and the warm property purge the lung. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste purgation and warm ones for property purgation. Both pungent and warm herb and property invigoration to invigorate the liver with warm property. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste invigoration and warm ones for property invigoration. Both pungent and warm herbal medicines, Ramulus Cinnamomi and Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis, were combined to invigorate the liver and purge the lung. In addition, Gypsum Fibrosum are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, leading all the herbal medicines composing the formula to the spleen. Conclusions : First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the spleen, the methods of purging the spleen and the lung, and invigorating the liver should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Sabeetang is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.591-595
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• 2007

There are eight kinds of formulas for invigorating the liver to cure its asthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas Began-tang, Boganhwan, Bogansan, Bogandan, Boganeum, Boganjoo, Boganjeon and Bogango. Another formula called Bocheonghwan is to invigorate the green colour of liver. There are 22 kinds of Bogan-tang, 12 kinds of Boganhwan, 25 kinds of Bogansan, one kind of Bogandan, one kind of Boganeum, one kind of Boganjoo, one kind of Boganjeon, one kind of Bogango, and two kinds of Bocheonghwan. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for invigorating the liver, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Bogan-tang for curing the asthenic syndrome of liver through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Bogan-tang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Began-tang. This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Bogan-tang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$ , the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Began-tang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients No.1 Radix Angelicas Sinensis (2don;7.5g), No.2 Rhizoma Chuanxiong (1don;3.75g), No.3 Radii Polygoni Multiflori (1don), No.4 Fructus Lycii (1don), No.5 Cortex Cinnamomi (1don), No.6 Rhizoma Gastrodiae (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don). There are three methods for curing the asthenic syndrome of liver according to the five elements doctrine invigorating the liver, invigorating the kidney and purging the lung. First, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the liver, you need to invigorate your liver. There are two available methods, including taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each imply the pungent taste and the warm property invigorate the liver. In the case of taste invigoration, two herbal medicines with pungent taste, Radix Angelicas Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property invigoration, two herDal medicines with the warm property, Cortex Cinnamomi and Rhizoma Gastrodiae, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Secondly, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the liver, you need to invigorate your kidney which is mother in the mother-child relationship in inter-promotion among the five elements. There are two methods to invigorate the kidney, including taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. They each mean the bitter taste and the cold property invigorate the kidney. Therefore, it is important to use bitter herbal medicines for taste invigoration and cold ones for property invigoration. Both Differ and cold herbal medicines, Radix Polygoni Multiflori and Fructus Lycii, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Lastly, if you suffer from the asthenic syndrome of the liver, you need to purge your lung which is an element being surpassed in the relationship between the elements surpassed and ones not surpassed in inter-restraint among the five elements. There are two methods to purge the lung, which include taste and property invigoration according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines. Taste invigoration means to purge the lung with pungent taste and property invigoration to purge the lung with warm property. Therefore, it is important to use pungent herbal medicines for taste invigoration and warm ones for property invigoration. Both pungent and warm herbal medicines, Radix Angelicas Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong, were combined to invigorate and purge the lung. In addition, Radix Glycyrrhizae are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, harmonizing all the herbal medicines composing the formula. First, to cure the asthenic syndrome of the liver, the methods of invigorating the liver and the kidney, and purging the lung should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herDal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Bogan-tangon is combined according to the above theories. In conclusion, this formula was created by applying to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines.

• 약학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2004

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is widely used as a common condiment for a variety of foods and beverages. In addition to its extensive utilization as a spice, the fresh or the processed rhizome is a useful crude drug in traditional Chinese medicine. It is considered to possess stomachic, carminative, stimulant, diuretic and antiemetic properties. Chemical studies on the pungent principles of ginger have been carried out by a number of investigators, and 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol as a major pungent substance have been isolated. In this study, the constituents inhibiting a drug metabolizing enzyme CYP3A4 from ginger were investigated. CYP3A4 is responsible for drug metabolism as heme-containing monooxygenases. As a result of experiment, 10-gingerol (lC$_{50}$ 5.75$\mu$M) isolated from EtOAc extract of ginger showed remarkable inhibitory activity compared to 6-gingerol ($IC_{50}$/ 14.56 $\mu$M) and zingerone ($IC_{50}$/ 379.63 $\mu$M). This paper describes the isolation, structure elucidation, and CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of these compounds. The structure of the compounds were identified by instrumental analysis such as LC-mass spectrometer and NMR.R.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.584-588
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• 1998

Red pepper powders with variuos seed contents (0%, 10%, 20%) and particle sizes were stored at 0$^{\circ}C$, 20$^{\circ}C$, and 30$^{\circ}C$ for 90 days, and the changes in their characteristics were monitored. The initial moisture content was about 13%, and the powders were packed in 0.1 mm-thick polypropylene (PP) bags. Moisture content of each power remained constantly, so PP bags appeared to be effective to prevent moisture transmission. All the values of L＊, a＊ and b＊ were higher in fine particles than in coarse particles. Storage at 0$^{\circ}C$ did not change any color values, however, overall color values devreased apparently when stored at 30$^{\circ}C$ for 90 days. Capsanthin contents decreased gradually at all storage temperatures and more rapidly at higher temperature. The contents of capsaicinoids in fine particles (49∼59 mg%) were twic as much as those in coarse particles (15∼36 mg%), and they did not change throughout the storage.

• 약학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1983

Shogaol, one of the main pungent principles of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale, Roscoe, was biodegraded by Aspergillus niger to produce two main metabolites. The crystalline metabolite obtained after silicic acid column chromatography was proved to be 1-(4-hydroxy-3- methoxyphenyl)decan-10-ol-3-one. The oily metabolite obtained after prolonged fermentation was 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3, 10-diol. The results suggest that shogaol should be biodegraded to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-dec-4-en-10-ol-3-one or to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one, and to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-10-ol-3-one then to 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3, 10-diol and finally to carbon dioxide and water.