• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.128-136
• /
• 2011

In order to investigate the relationship between the prices of wood chips and pulps, regression analysis and cointegration test were conducted. Test results indicated that pulp producers adjusted pulp price in response to the change in wood-chip price and there were a long-run relationship between these prices. This implied that by raising the selling price of pulp, pulp producers avoid profit loss incurred by the increase in the wood-chip price. The existence of cointegration between wood chips and pulp prices implied that pulp producers were competing when they set the selling price of pulp.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2011

Traditional international trade theory assumes that import goods and domestically produced goods of the same industry are equal in quality. However the substitutability of the two goods is imperfect. This article estimated the import functions of pulp and paper using econometric and vector autoregressive models, and calculated the elasticities of substitution between imported and domestically produced pulp and paper. The import of pulp is inelastic to import price and domestic price, and elastic to national income in econometric model. And it is inelastic to import price, domestic price and national income in vector autoregressive model. On the other hand, the import of paper is inelastic to domestic price, and elastic to import price and national income in econometric model. And it is inelastic to import price and domestic price, and elastic to national income in vector autoregressive model. The elasticity of substitution between imported and domestically produced pulp was positive, and the elasticity was respectively 0.42 and 0.20 in econometric and vector autoregressive models. This may be because of the high proportion of imports. On the other hand, the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestically produced paper was positive, and the elasticity was respectively 0.75 and 0.81 in econometric and vector autoregressive models. This may be because the quality of imported paper is different from that of domestically produced paper.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제103권4호
• /
• pp.696-702
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 지속가능한 산림관리를 위한 산림경영인증림과 비인증림에서 생산된 펄프재의 가격차별화 방안을 합리적으로 제시하기 위해 수행하였다. 홍천과 인제, 신남지역의 산림경영인증림을 대상으로 투자비용과 목재가격을 조사하여 복리산식, 지불의사금액, 가격민감성분석을 실시하였다. 복리산식의 경우, 펄프재의 원가는 각 지역의 평균 $m^3$당 펄프재가격을 사용하였으며, 원금은 $m^3$당 펄프재가격에 투자비용을 합산하였다. 이율은 2~6%까지 적용해 보았으며, 투자 후 경과기간은 5년까지 계산하였다. 지불의사금액과 가격민감성분석은 설문분석을 통해 값을 도출하였다. 복리산식에서 이율 2%로 적용 시 경과기간 3년의 값과 이율 5~6%적용 시 경과기간을 1년으로 주어진 값이 추가 지불의사금액 5%와 가격민감성분석의 방법으로 도출된 최적가격 값과 유사한 결과 값으로 나타났으며 홍천, 인제, 신남지역에서 모두 결과 값이 동일한 패턴으로 나타났다.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2004

It is very difficult to compare directly the research results of enzymatic process in pulp and paper industry because commercial enzymes have diversity in its property. The chemical and biological properties of commercial enzymes were Investigated to help comparison of various commercial enzymes each other. In most case, the solid content of liquid enzymes was about 20%. The higher protein content in enzyme product does not mean the higher enzyme activity. Enzymes for paper process should selected by basis of enzyme activity, not by price of enzyme products. The chemical composition of fiber was not so much change with enzyme treatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of fiber might negligible in paper process.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.283-301
• /
• 2010

이 논문은 벡터자기회귀모형을 사용하여 종이 공급에 펄프 가격이 미치는 영향의 정도와 지속기간을 추정하고, 종이 수요에 국내총생산이 미치는 영향의 정도와 지속기간을 추정하였다. 종이 공급을 분석한 결과에 의하면 펄프 가격의 변화가 종이 공급 변화의 약 12%를 설명하고, 종이 가격의 변화가 종이 공급 변화의 약 29%를 설명하였다. 즉, 펄프 가격이 종이 공급에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다. 그리고 펄프 가격의 변화에 대한 종이 공급의 반응은 약 6개월간 지속되며, 종이 가격의 변화에 대한 종이 공급의 반응도 약 6개월간 지속되었다. 펄프 가격이 상승하는 경우에 펄프 가격의 상승분을 종이 가격에 반영하지 못하면 일시적으로 수익률이 감소할 수 있다. 즉, 종이 가격이 펄프 가격의 상승 속도를 따라가지 못하면 수익률이 하락한다. 이와 같은 경우에 수익률을 회복시키기 위해서는 제품단가를 인상하여야 한다. 종이가 과잉 공급되면 펄프 가격의 인상을 종이 가격에 반영할 수 없다. 그러나 우리나라의 종이 공급은 과잉 상태가 아니어서 펄프 가격의 상승을 종이 가격에 반영할 수 있다. 즉, 원료 가격이 상승하면 제품 가격도 인상되고 있다. 이 연구 결과에 의하면 펄프 가격의 변동이 종이 공급에 영향을 미치는 기간은 6개월이다. 즉, 펄프 가격의 인상이 종이 가격에 반영되어 종이 생산의 수익률 하락을 회복하기까지 6개월이 소요된다고 해석할 수 있다. 종이 수요를 분석한 결과에 의하면 국내총생산의 변화가 종이 수요 변화의 약 28%를 설명하고, 종이 가격의 변화가 종이 수요 변화의 약 17%를 설명하였다. 즉, 국내 총생산이 종이 수요에 상당한 영향을 미친다. 그리고 국내총생산의 변화에 대한 종이 수요의 반응은 약 6개월간 지속되며, 종이 가격의 변화에 대한 종이 수요의 반응도 약 6개월간 지속되었다.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2012

This study was carried out in order to analyze a repletion possibility about color change of base paper after elevated heat exposure when wooden fillers were added. Fillers may reduce production cost because its price is usually inexpensive than pulp with higher bulkiness. Wooden fillers have lower density than inorganic fillers, so they may increase bulk more than inorganic fillers. Never the less wooden fillers have disadvantage of yellow color by heat exposure, so the addition level should be carefully controlled. Brightness and whiteness changes after elevated heat exposure depending on coating weight were analyzed. With wooden fillers addition, breaking length and surface strength decreased but bulkiness increased. As the exposure time of elevated heat increased the coating paper with wooden fillers addition had higher brightness and whiteness values than those of inorganic fillers.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.56-65
• /
• 2004

The Asia Pacific papermaking giants are China, Japan and Korea followed by Indonesia. The strong trends in recent years have been the move to alkaline/neutral sizing which has assisted the move from kaolin and talc as the major filler minerals to ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate. Kaolin remains important as a constituent in many coating formulations and Chinese-sourced talc, due to its brightness and price will remain important especially in paper filler minerals. The need for ever increasing printing surface quality and continuing efforts by the paper manufacturers to keep costs under control will ensure minerals in papermaking will continue to be a dynamic subject in the years ahead.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
• /
• pp.305-309
• /
• 2006

This paper presents and illustrates the application of a growth and yield model that supports both forest and mill side volume and value estimates. Traditional forest stand growth and yield models represent the forest landowner view of yield and economics. Predicted yields are estimates of what one would expect from a procurement cruise, and current stumpage prices are applied to investigate optimum management strategies. Optimum management regimes and rotation ages obtained from the forest side view are unlikely to be economically optimal when viewed from the mill side. The actual distribution of recoverable manufactured product and its value are highly dependent on mill technologies and configurations. Overcoming this limitation of growth and yield computer models necessitates the ability to predict and price the expected manufactured distribution of lumber, lineal meters of veneer, and tonnes of air dried pulp fiber yield. With these embedded models, users of the yield simulator can evaluate the economics of possible/feasible management regimes from both the forest and mill business sides. The simulator is a forest side model that has been modified to produce estimates of manufactured product yields by embedding models for 1) pulpwood chip size class distribution and pulp yield for any kappa number (Schultz and Matney, 2002), 2) a lumber yield and pricing model based on the Best Opening Face model developed by the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (Lewis, 1985a and Lewis, 1985b), and 3) a lineal meter veneer model derived from peeler block tests. While the model is strictly applicable to planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on cutover site-prepared land in the United States (US) Gulf South, the model and computer program are adaptable to any region and forest type.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.38-46
• /
• 2005

Experimental work was carried out in order to produce a novel grade of ink-jet paper that has both high print-out quality and price competitiveness. Usually, silica and PVOH has been used for ink-jet paper to design the coating layer that has a hydrophilic and micro-porous structure. However, poor rheological characteristics and low productivity of the silica-PVOH system make the price of the ink-jet paper high. The main focus of this study was replacing the conventional silica (coating pigment) PVOH (binder) coating system with the new PCC (coating pigment) cationic starch (binder) coating system, and optimizing thecoating technology associated with PPC-cationic starch system. In this study, ink-jet print quality of PCC-coated papers was compared with that of silica-coated paper. Two types of PCC were used: conventional type and colloid type. It turned out that PCC C, a conventional coating pigment, has not given a desirable result: it showed high dot reproduction, but it gave low optical density. In spite of low dot reproduction, the qualities of PCC A were comparable or superior to those of silica in optical density, color reproduction, and the uniformity of printing surface. It was also shown that the problems that are happened when the dosage level of cationic starch was too low were varied with ink-type used in each printer. However, in the case of low binder level, the produced image was widely spread resulting fromtoo low optical density of images, or from the lack of bonding ability to set ink into coating surface.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2008년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.241-244
• /
• 2008

Recently, The high Air-Tightness and high heat insulation for building construction cause a ventilation air volume deficiency. Also, Worldwide high energy price is strongly urging to economize the air conditioning energy. Therefore Heat Recovery Ventilation is used for the satisfaction of ventilation air volume and building energy saving. Accordingly, this study dose the heat exchanger performance evaluation and economic efficiency evaluation of Heat Recovery Ventilation. And, we wish to make a basic study about HRV System application of HVAC System and Multi System Air-conditioning.