• Title/Summary/Keyword: pulp price

Search Result 17, Processing Time 0.022 seconds

Analysis on the Relationship between the Prices of Pulps and Wood Chips (펄프 가격과 목재칩 가격간의 상관관계 분석)

  • Lee, Kee-Hyun;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Kim, Eui-Gyeong;Ahn, Byeong-Il
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
    • /
    • v.43 no.3
    • /
    • pp.128-136
    • /
    • 2011
  • In order to investigate the relationship between the prices of wood chips and pulps, regression analysis and cointegration test were conducted. Test results indicated that pulp producers adjusted pulp price in response to the change in wood-chip price and there were a long-run relationship between these prices. This implied that by raising the selling price of pulp, pulp producers avoid profit loss incurred by the increase in the wood-chip price. The existence of cointegration between wood chips and pulp prices implied that pulp producers were competing when they set the selling price of pulp.

Substitution elasticities of the imported and domestically produced pulp and paper (수입펄프.종이와 국산펄프.종이의 대체탄력성)

  • Kim, Se-Bin;Kim, Dong-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.38 no.2
    • /
    • pp.383-391
    • /
    • 2011
  • Traditional international trade theory assumes that import goods and domestically produced goods of the same industry are equal in quality. However the substitutability of the two goods is imperfect. This article estimated the import functions of pulp and paper using econometric and vector autoregressive models, and calculated the elasticities of substitution between imported and domestically produced pulp and paper. The import of pulp is inelastic to import price and domestic price, and elastic to national income in econometric model. And it is inelastic to import price, domestic price and national income in vector autoregressive model. On the other hand, the import of paper is inelastic to domestic price, and elastic to import price and national income in econometric model. And it is inelastic to import price and domestic price, and elastic to national income in vector autoregressive model. The elasticity of substitution between imported and domestically produced pulp was positive, and the elasticity was respectively 0.42 and 0.20 in econometric and vector autoregressive models. This may be because of the high proportion of imports. On the other hand, the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestically produced paper was positive, and the elasticity was respectively 0.75 and 0.81 in econometric and vector autoregressive models. This may be because the quality of imported paper is different from that of domestically produced paper.

A Study on the Scheme of the Pulp Price Discrimination from Certified forests and Non-certified forests for Sustainable Forest Management (지속가능한 산림관리를 위한 인증산림과 비인증산림에서 생산된 펄프재의 가격차별화 방안)

  • Choi, Sang Hyun;Lee, Jae Hwan;Woo, Jong-Choon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
    • /
    • v.103 no.4
    • /
    • pp.696-702
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study was conducted to provide resonable price of timber that come out from certified forests for sustainable forest management. To accomplish this study objectives, we analyzed compound interest method, willingness to pay (WTP) and price sensitivity measurement (PSM) when buying certified pulp. In case of compound interest method, we used prime cost by average price per ha of each area (Hongcheon, Inje, Shinnam) and unit price that add up the pulp price and investment costs. Interest rate reflects 2 to 6% and investment period apply to 5 years. WTP and PSM data were collected from questionnaire survey. As a result, if apply to interest rate of 2% and investment period of 3 years, result values are quite similar to WTP of 5% and optimal pricing point of PSM. That also showed similar pattern in each area.

Characteristics of Commercial Celluloytic Enzymes (상업용 목질섬유소 분해 효소의 특성)

  • Kim, Young-Yuk;Kim, Chul-Hyun;Park, Soung-Bae;Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
    • /
    • v.36 no.3
    • /
    • pp.1-8
    • /
    • 2004
  • It is very difficult to compare directly the research results of enzymatic process in pulp and paper industry because commercial enzymes have diversity in its property. The chemical and biological properties of commercial enzymes were Investigated to help comparison of various commercial enzymes each other. In most case, the solid content of liquid enzymes was about 20%. The higher protein content in enzyme product does not mean the higher enzyme activity. Enzymes for paper process should selected by basis of enzyme activity, not by price of enzyme products. The chemical composition of fiber was not so much change with enzyme treatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of fiber might negligible in paper process.

Dynamic Impacts of Price and Income Variables on Paper Demand and Supply (종이 수급에 가격과 소득 변수가 미치는 동태적 영향 분석)

  • Kim, Dongjun
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
    • /
    • v.19 no.2
    • /
    • pp.283-301
    • /
    • 2010
  • This study estimated the paper demand and supply using VAR model. And the variance decomposition and impulse response were analyzed using the model. In the model of paper demand, the own price change accounts for about seventeen percent of variation in the demand, and the gross domestic product change accounts for about twenty eight percent of variation in the demand. And the impacts of a shock to the own price and gross domestic product are significant for about six months on the demand for paper. In the model of paper supply, the own price change accounts for about twenty nine percent of variation in the supply, and the pulp price change accounts for about twelve percent of variation in the supply. And the impacts of a shock to the own price and pulp price are significant for about six months on the supply of paper.

  • PDF

Color Supplementation of Base Paper for Coating after Wooden Fillers Addition (목질계 충전제 사용에 따른 도공지 원지의 색상 보완)

  • Yoon, Myung-Suk;Yoo, Hyun-Jin;Jung, Chul-Hun;Park, Jong-Moon
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
    • /
    • v.44 no.1
    • /
    • pp.24-30
    • /
    • 2012
  • This study was carried out in order to analyze a repletion possibility about color change of base paper after elevated heat exposure when wooden fillers were added. Fillers may reduce production cost because its price is usually inexpensive than pulp with higher bulkiness. Wooden fillers have lower density than inorganic fillers, so they may increase bulk more than inorganic fillers. Never the less wooden fillers have disadvantage of yellow color by heat exposure, so the addition level should be carefully controlled. Brightness and whiteness changes after elevated heat exposure depending on coating weight were analyzed. With wooden fillers addition, breaking length and surface strength decreased but bulkiness increased. As the exposure time of elevated heat increased the coating paper with wooden fillers addition had higher brightness and whiteness values than those of inorganic fillers.

Trends in papermaking minerals used in the Asia-Pacific region

  • Lines, M.G.;Park, S.B.
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
    • /
    • 2004.04a
    • /
    • pp.56-65
    • /
    • 2004
  • The Asia Pacific papermaking giants are China, Japan and Korea followed by Indonesia. The strong trends in recent years have been the move to alkaline/neutral sizing which has assisted the move from kaolin and talc as the major filler minerals to ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate. Kaolin remains important as a constituent in many coating formulations and Chinese-sourced talc, due to its brightness and price will remain important especially in paper filler minerals. The need for ever increasing printing surface quality and continuing efforts by the paper manufacturers to keep costs under control will ensure minerals in papermaking will continue to be a dynamic subject in the years ahead.

  • PDF

A Growth and Yield Model for Predicting Both Forest Stumpage and Mill Side Manufactured Product Yields and Economics

  • Schultz Emily B.;Matney Thomas G.
    • Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
    • /
    • 2006.06b
    • /
    • pp.305-309
    • /
    • 2006
  • This paper presents and illustrates the application of a growth and yield model that supports both forest and mill side volume and value estimates. Traditional forest stand growth and yield models represent the forest landowner view of yield and economics. Predicted yields are estimates of what one would expect from a procurement cruise, and current stumpage prices are applied to investigate optimum management strategies. Optimum management regimes and rotation ages obtained from the forest side view are unlikely to be economically optimal when viewed from the mill side. The actual distribution of recoverable manufactured product and its value are highly dependent on mill technologies and configurations. Overcoming this limitation of growth and yield computer models necessitates the ability to predict and price the expected manufactured distribution of lumber, lineal meters of veneer, and tonnes of air dried pulp fiber yield. With these embedded models, users of the yield simulator can evaluate the economics of possible/feasible management regimes from both the forest and mill business sides. The simulator is a forest side model that has been modified to produce estimates of manufactured product yields by embedding models for 1) pulpwood chip size class distribution and pulp yield for any kappa number (Schultz and Matney, 2002), 2) a lumber yield and pricing model based on the Best Opening Face model developed by the USDA Forest Service Forest Products Laboratory (Lewis, 1985a and Lewis, 1985b), and 3) a lineal meter veneer model derived from peeler block tests. While the model is strictly applicable to planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on cutover site-prepared land in the United States (US) Gulf South, the model and computer program are adaptable to any region and forest type.

  • PDF

The Effect of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Having a Small Particle Size on the Print Quality of an Inkjet-Grade Paper (초미립자탄산칼슘이 잉크제트 인쇄품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee Yong-Kyu;Lee Hee-Myung
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
    • /
    • v.37 no.2 s.110
    • /
    • pp.38-46
    • /
    • 2005
  • Experimental work was carried out in order to produce a novel grade of ink-jet paper that has both high print-out quality and price competitiveness. Usually, silica and PVOH has been used for ink-jet paper to design the coating layer that has a hydrophilic and micro-porous structure. However, poor rheological characteristics and low productivity of the silica-PVOH system make the price of the ink-jet paper high. The main focus of this study was replacing the conventional silica (coating pigment) PVOH (binder) coating system with the new PCC (coating pigment) cationic starch (binder) coating system, and optimizing thecoating technology associated with PPC-cationic starch system. In this study, ink-jet print quality of PCC-coated papers was compared with that of silica-coated paper. Two types of PCC were used: conventional type and colloid type. It turned out that PCC C, a conventional coating pigment, has not given a desirable result: it showed high dot reproduction, but it gave low optical density. In spite of low dot reproduction, the qualities of PCC A were comparable or superior to those of silica in optical density, color reproduction, and the uniformity of printing surface. It was also shown that the problems that are happened when the dosage level of cationic starch was too low were varied with ink-type used in each printer. However, in the case of low binder level, the produced image was widely spread resulting fromtoo low optical density of images, or from the lack of bonding ability to set ink into coating surface.

An economic evaluation of heat exchanger for heat recovery ventilation (폐열회수환기를 위한 열교환장치의 경제성 평가)

  • Park, Yong-Hyo;Lee, Sang-Bum
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
    • /
    • 2008.11a
    • /
    • pp.241-244
    • /
    • 2008
  • Recently, The high Air-Tightness and high heat insulation for building construction cause a ventilation air volume deficiency. Also, Worldwide high energy price is strongly urging to economize the air conditioning energy. Therefore Heat Recovery Ventilation is used for the satisfaction of ventilation air volume and building energy saving. Accordingly, this study dose the heat exchanger performance evaluation and economic efficiency evaluation of Heat Recovery Ventilation. And, we wish to make a basic study about HRV System application of HVAC System and Multi System Air-conditioning.

  • PDF