• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-thrombotic effects of Hyulbuchukeotanggamibang(HBCT). Methods: It was measured the effects which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Results: 1. HBCT showed a safety in toxicity of liver. 2. In experiment of anti-thrombotic effect, HBCT inhibited the platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid as compared with the control group. 3. HBCT inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitory rate is 50%). 4. HBCT increased platelet number and fibrinogen amount significantly and also HBCT shortened PT and APTT significantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. 5. HBCT increased blood flow rate insignificantly as compared with the control group in vivo. Conclusion: These results suggest that HBCT can be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by thrombosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2015

Objective : Venous thromboembolism (VTE) after spinal surgery affects a patients' postoperative recovery and also carries a mortality risk. Some studies recommended chemical prophylaxis for high-risk patients and for those after complex spinal surgeries. However, chemoprophylaxis for VTE in spinal surgery is underemployed and there is no agreement on the use of VTE prophylaxis in spinal surgery. The aim of this study was to document the incidence of VTE after an elective instrumental spinal surgery, among those receiving preoperative chemoprophylaxis as compared with patients who did not receive it. Methods : This study was carried out on eighty-nine patients allocated randomly to receive either low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or no prophylaxis before elective instrumental spinal surgery. All patients received postoperative compression stockings. A compression Doppler ultrasonography was performed for all patients to detect postoperative deep vein thrombosis. In addition, further imaging studies were performed for patients suspected of VTE. Results : Three (3.3%) patients were diagnosed with VTE. One of them had received preoperative chemoprophylaxis. There were no significant difference in incidence of VTE between the two groups (p>0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-8.7). Laterality of gender and postsurgical recumbence duration were all independent predictors of VTE (p=0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion : The difference in the incidence of thromboembolic complications between the two groups was not significant. Moreover, we found that preoperative prophylactic LMWH injection has no major bleeding complications altering postoperative course; still, the issue concerning the initiation time of chemoprophylaxis in spinal surgery remains unclear.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.620-626
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• 2017

Objective : Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is frequently related to dehydration, the impact of dehydration on VTE in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not clear. This study investigated whether dehydration, as measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine (Cr) ratio, influences the occurrence of VTE in patients with AIS. Methods : This is a retrospective study of patients with AIS between January 2012 and December 2013. Patients with newly diagnosed AIS who experienced prolonged hospitalization for at least 4 weeks were included in this study. Results : Of 182 patients included in this study, 17 (9.3%) suffered VTE during the follow-up period; in two cases, VTE was accompanied by deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Patients with VTE were more frequently female and had higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, more lower limb weakness, and elevated blood urea nitrogen BUN/Cr ratio on admission. In a multivariate analysis, BUN/Cr ratio >15 (odds ratio [OR] 8.75) and severe lower limb weakness (OR 4.38) were independent risk factors for VTE. Conclusion : Dehydration on admission in cases of AIS might be a significant independent risk factor for VTE.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-151
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the anti-thrombotic efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam(EGB)" currently used in clinical treatment of PID Methods: We studied inhibitory effect of platelet cohesion, suppressive effect of GPIIb/IIIa activity, inhibitory effect of $TXB_2$ and $PGE_2$ biosynthesis, and oxidative damage suppression effects of "EGB" in vitro. Also, suppression of pulmonary embolism and changes of related factors in dextran coagulation condition model were studied in vivo. Results: In this study, EGB extract showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on platelet coagulation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen, arachidonic acid. Also it showed dose-dependent inhibition effect on GPIIb/IIIa activities compared to the control group. EGB extract significantly suppressed the decrease of speed of bloodstream caused by blood coagulation in dextran coagulation condition model and increased the number of platelets and amount of fibrinogen, and decreased the APTT in dextran coagulation condition model compared to the control group. EGB extract showed dose-dependent decrease of oxidative damages caused by DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, whereas dose-dependent increase of superoxide dismutase like activity was observed compared to the control group. Conclusion: We confirmed the anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative efficacy of "Eungapbang-gagam". Various clinical applications of "Eungapbang-gagam" as well as use of data for the construction of EBM is anticipated.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2017

Background: To assess the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following shoulder surgery and to evaluate the role of postoperative duplex ultrasonography. Methods: The study comprised a total of 224 patients who underwent shoulder surgery, including 180 shoulder arthroscopic surgeries, 28 shoulder arthroplasties, and 16 plate fixations for proximal humerus fracture between January 2014 and December 2014. The mean age of patients was 59.0 years, and there were 81 men and 143 women. Clinical data, including body mass index, blood tests, metabolic work-up for liver and renal function, previous, and present medical history, were evaluated. Duplex ultrasonography in the operative arm was performed on 2 to 4 days after surgery. Results: The overall incidence of VTE following shoulder surgery was 0.45% (1/224). One patient with open reduction and plate fixation for proximal humerus fracture had asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis that showed complete remission after anticoagulant medication during a 2-month period. Four patients had asymptomatic superficial cephalic vein thrombosis and complete remission without any treatment. There was no case of pulmonary embolism. Conclusions: The incidence of VTE following shoulder surgery was extremely low in Asians. Duplex ultrasonography may be not considered a routine follow-up of shoulder surgery and can be selectively performed in high-risk or symptomatic patients for VTE.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.155-166
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• 1969

Heterotopic abdominal homograft of canine heart was carried out in 20 pairs of dogs. Of these 12 cases were subjected as a control and 8 were subjected to immunosuppressive group. The dosage of immunosuppressive agent was 5mg/kg/day of Imuran [Azathioprine] for 3 days preoperatively, 10mg/kg on operative day and 5mg/kg/day postoperatively. For reducing the metabolic demand, the donor heart was preserved in 4degree heparinized saline solution for approximately I4 minutes. In the most of the cases, transplantation was performed with the technique of end-to-side aorto-aortic anastomosis and end-to-side pulmonary artery-inferior vena cava anastomosis at the infrarenal portion. Five out of 20 grafted dogs were survived more than one day. The longest survived 18 days in the control group and survive more than 60 days in the treated group. The survival cases were 3 out of 8[37. 5%] in the group of dogs treated with lmuran and 2`out of 12 [16.6%] in the group of non-treated. A prominent gross findings of the grafted heart was a minimal to moderate degree of dilatation of the heart with or without thrombosis in the cardiac chambers and/or anastomotic site. The case number 10, 15, and 19 showed moderate hypertrophy in grossly. The microscopic findings were as follows; 1. There were early hypersensitive histologic reactions such as interstitial edema, cellular infiltrations and early degenerative changes in the myocardium in the cases of 3 hour survival. 2. In the cases of more than 6 hours survival, organizing thrombosis of myocardial vessels, vasculitis,myocardial necrosis and lymphocyte, plasma cell, round cell infiltrations were noted. In the cases of more than 12 hours survival, the degree of these histologic changes especially in the non-treated group were more intensified than in the treated. 3. In the cases which survived more than one day, so called homograft specific histologic changes were milder in the immunosuppressive group compared with the control. 4. All the host hearts showed no evidence of pathologic findings histologically. Among the homologous canine cardiac transplantation tissue reaction, was milder and suvival time longer in the group treated with immunosuppressive drug.

• Journal of Neurocritical Care
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 2018

Background: A sians were known to have a relatively lower incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and there is insufficient evidence to suggest a specific D-dimer threshold level for screening VTE in patients with acute stroke. Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to Jeju National University Hospital. The inclusion criteria were: 1) aged ${\geq}18$ years, 2) admission within seven days of symptom onset, and 3) an initial National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score >1 for the affected lower limb. Ultrasound scans of the lower limbs and plasma D-dimer assays were performed on days 7-14 and 15-28 after stroke onset. Results: Of 285 patients admitted during the study period, 52 patients met inclusion criteria (mean age 74.5, male 40.4%, median initial NIHSS score 12, and unable to walk unassisted at discharge 76.9%). During 7-14 days, 23 of 52 patients (44.2%) had a D-dimer level above 1.57 mg/L, and 9.6% had a level above 5.50 mg/L. Proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was detected in 3 patients (5.8%, 95% confidence Interval 1.2-16.0%) on ultrasound examination. All DVTs were found in elderly female patients with severe leg weakness. No patient was diagnosed with pulmonary embolism during the study period. Conclusion: The incidence of VTE seems to be very low among Korean patients with acute ischemic stroke. Advanced age, female sex, and severe leg weakness were important risk factors for developing DVT in this study.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.387-395
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• 2022

Background: Fermentation may alter the bioavailability of certain compounds, which may affect their efficacy and pharmacological responses. This study investigated the antiplatelet effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG). Methods: A rodent model was used to evaluate the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of the extracts. Rats were orally fed with human equivalent doses of the extracts for 1 week and examined for various signaling pathways using standard in vivo and ex vivo techniques. Light transmission aggregometry was performed, and calcium mobilization, dense granule secretion, integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated signaling molecules, cyclic nucleotide signaling events, and various protein molecules were evaluated ex vivo in collagen-stimulated washed platelets. Furthermore, antithrombotic properties were evaluated using a standard acute pulmonary thromboembolism model, and the effects on hemostasis were investigated using rat and mice models. Results: Both RGE and FRG significantly inhibited platelet aggregation, calcium mobilization, and dense granule secretion along with integrin-mediated fibrinogen binding and fibrinogen adhesion. cAMP levels were found to be elevated in RGE-treated rat platelets. Ginseng extracts did not exert any effect on prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. RGE-treated mice showed significantly better survival under thrombosis than FRG-treated mice, with no effects on hemostasis, whereas FRG-treated mice exhibited a slight increment in bleeding time. Conclusion: Both extracts, especially RGE, are remarkable supplements to maintain cardiovascular health and are potential candidates for the treatment and prevention of platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.266-272
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• 2010

Background: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious disease that causes life-threatening pulmonary embolism and chronic venous insufficiency. Anticoagulation is the standard therapy for DVT. However, the results of standard anticoagulation for treating DVT have been disappointing, so endovascular treatment is commonly performed nowadays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an endovascular procedure for treating patients with DVT. Material and Method: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical data of 29 DVT patients who underwent an endovascular procedure between December 2006 and July 2008. We compared the results of the 29 patients with the results of another 45 patients who were treated with only aspirin and heparin. Result: The patient’s mean age was 55.4 years in the intervention group and 53.7 years in the control group. DVT occurred more frequently in the females. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed in 22 patients (75.8%). Aspiration thrombectomy was performed in 18 patients (62%) and a endovascular stent was placed in 25 patients (86.2%). Fifteen patients (51.7%) underwent percutaneous insertion of a retrievable IVC filter for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. In the control group, thirty nine patients (86.7%) were treated with low-molecular heparin, and seven patients (15.6%) who were contraindicated for warfarin were treated with aspirin. No bleeding complications occurred during thrombolysis or anticoagulation. We analyzed the statistical data according to recurrence of DVT and the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) during the follow-up period. The intervention group had a significantly lower incidence of PTS (p-value=0.008), but they had the same result as the control group for the recurrence of DVT. In addition, death from the DVT did not occur in the intervention group. Thus, we obtained better clinical outcomes in the intervention group as compared to those in the anticoagulation only group. Conclusion: Endovascular procedures are effective alternative modalities, as compared to systemic anticoagulation, for the treatment of DVT. But more studies are needed to determine the specific indications and to validate the long-term efficacy of endovascular procedures for the treatment of DVT.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.600-604
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• 2010

A ten-year-old female mongrel dog was presented to Veterinary Medical Center, Chungbuk National University with the signs of anorexia, weakness, and hemoglobinuria. Patient had been diagnosed as dirofilariasis based on heartworm antigen test and treated with adulticide (melarsomine) at local hospital one day before admission. On laboratory examinations, there were hypochromic and microcytic regenerative anemia, thrombocytopenia, moderate neutrophilia, and increase ALT, AST, and ALP. Radiographic exam showed main pulmonary artery bulging, pulmonary infiltration and hypervascularity, reduced abdominal serosal detail and mild hepatomegaly. Abdominal ultrasonographic exam showed mild peritoneal effusion and large hyperechoic thrombi at trifurcation of the porta hepatica and the splenic vein. In addition, intraluminal low density area and intravascular filling defect were confirmed on contrast enhanced CT scanning at the same anatomic locations. Patient was treated with anticoagulant and thrombolytic therapy. On day 42 after treatment, complete resolution of thrombi was confirmed via ultrasonography and improvement of clinical signs was observed.