• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.1065-1071
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• 2020

The study aims to analyze the supply chain role of supervision, discipline, work climate, and organizational learning on the performance of community services at the public works. This study took a sample of employees through purposive sampling technique at the Public Works Office and Bina Marga in a regency in East Java. Data through questionnaire was collected through a 5-point Likert scale model. The results show that the application of employee discipline affects the performance of public services, with a contribution of 39.7%, meaning that discipline and organizational learning are implementation factors that have an effect on public service performance. In stepwise regression analysis, the supervisory factor has a correlation with service performance, but it is less relevant, while the work climate is not relevant as a predictor variable to improve public service performance. The study revealed the importance of the supply chain policy of implementing good and clean governance and the enactment of the performance appraisal of the government apparatus established through Good Corporate Governance of the state apparatus. The findings provide a basis to encourage the public sector performance to smooth every step of supply chain management of every government project work, especially in the field of public services.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.21-31
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to introduce the design and early implementation results of Choice Neighborhoods(Choice) initiative, which is the most recent version of public housing policies in the United States designed and implemented under the Obama administration. The Choice initiative aims to support a wide range of strategies locally driven to address problems in disadvantaged neighborhoods with an emphasis on a comprehensive approach to transforming those neighborhoods. In this study, first, I briefly review the history of public housing policies since 1937, particularly focusing on limitations of HOPE VI(Housing Opportunity for People Everywhere) projects to understand the context behind the advent of the program. Second, I introduce the overall design of the Choice program and point out how this programs' design differs from previous public housing programs by reviewing the literature on federal guidelines for the Choice program. This study particularly focuses on introducing social services given to existing residents in public housing and their neighborhoods in redevelopment processes. These social services are intended to address poverty-related problems that public housing residents often confront, to help them break out of the cycle of poverty, and to minimize the negative impacts of relocation triggered by redevelopment. Third, to examine how this program has been implemented and has revealed limitations so far, I review an interim evaluation report based on five cities. This study ends with discussing policy implications for public housing providers and housing policy-makers in South Korea.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.475-487
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• 2020

The paper aims to facilitate a discussion around how big data technologies and data from citizens can be used to help public administration, society, and policy-making to improve community's lives. This paper discusses opportunities and challenges of big data strategies for government, society, and policy-making. It employs the presentation of numerous practical examples from different parts of the world, where public-service delivery has seen transformation and where initiatives have been taken forward that have revolutionized the way governments at different levels engage with the citizens, and how governments and civil society have adopted evidence-driven policy-making through innovative and efficient use of big data analytics. The examples include the governments of the United States, China, the United Kingdom, and India, and different levels of government agencies in the public services of fraud detection, financial market analysis, healthcare and public health, government oversight, education, crime fighting, environmental protection, energy exploration, agriculture, weather forecasting, and ecosystem management. The examples also include smart cities in Korea, China, Japan, India, Canada, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. This paper makes some recommendations about how big data strategies transform the government and public services to become more citizen-centric, responsive, accountable and transparent.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.53-80
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• 2023

Expectations for artificial intelligence technology are increasing, and its utility value is growing, leading to active use in the public sector. The use of artificial intelligence technology in the public sector has a positive impact on aspects such as improving public work efficiency and service quality, enhancing transparency and reliability, and contributing to the development of technology and industries. For these reasons, major countries including Korea are actively developing and using artificial intelligence in the public sector. However, artificial intelligence also presents issues such as bias, inequality, and infringement of individuals' right to self-determination, which are evident even in its utilization in the public sector. Especially the use of artificial intelligence technology in the public sector has significant societal implications, as well as direct implications on limiting and infringing upon the rights of citizens. Therefore, careful consideration is necessary in the introduction and utilization of such technology. This paper comprehensively examines the legal issues that require consideration regarding the introduction of artificial intelligence in the public sector. Methodological discussions that can minimize the risks that may arise from artificial intelligence and maximize the utility of technology were proposed in each process and step of introduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.217-241
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• 2010

Recently, as voluntary activity has become more widespread, there have been some voluntary activity movements in the provision of library services for people with disabilities. This study aimed to develop a model on voluntary activity in library services for disabled people in public libraries. Survey data collected through three data collection methods showed that volunteer activities in public library services for the disabled were very poor, and recommended the training of library staff and volunteers serving disabled people, the management of educational programs for librarians about the disabled and the dissemination of standardized manuals. From the results of the survey, a voluntary activity model, based on three factors, the aims of library services, the types of the disabilities, and volunteer services including specific sub areas of services, was developed. Finally, this voluntary activity model will contribute to the theory development of library services for the disabled

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.23-42
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• 2006

Services, despite the difficulty of its exact definition, can be defined as deeds, efforts, or performances by economical bodies, attributing to four unique characteristics - intangibility, inseparability, heterogeneity, and perishability. This study aims to research the global competition and problems of the local professional services, especially educational services and health services, and to suggest some devices for increasing the exportation of both educational services and health services. Educational services and health services were reserved in the multilateral negotiation to open the WTO parties' markets because of its national public benefits. But it is indispensable to open our local market by the bilateral FTA negotiation. Legal restrictions, therefore, related to both education and health should be erased according to the basic rule of the market competition, and it is advisable to control the national public benefit of these services by enacting the different legal systems. For recovering from minus balance of payment in the educational services or health services, furthermore, it is necessary to drive rather some offensive exporting policies than the defensive policy against supply from the foreign countries. In conclusion, the korean Foreign Trade Act and other relative acts should be revised, and both educational services and health services should be contained within the definition of "the international trade" for the governmental benefits of supporting the services exportation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.5-33
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• 1995

The objective of the study are two-fold: one is to explore the relationship between environment, organizational structure, and organizational effectiveness of public health centers in Korea, and the other is to examine the validity of contingency theory for improving the organizational structure of public health care agencies, with special emphasis on public health nursing administration. Accordingly, the conceptual model of the study consisted of three different concepts: environment, organizational structure, and organizational effectiveness, which were built up from the contingency theory. Data were collected during the period from 1st of May through 30th of June, 1990. From the total of 249 health centers in the country, one hundred and five centers were sampled non proportionally, according to the geopolitical distribution. Out of 105, 73 health centers responded to mailed questionnaire. The health centers were the unit of the study, and a various statistical analysis techniques were used: Reliability analysis(Cronbach's Alpha) for 4 measurement tools; Shapiro-Wilk statistic for normality test of measured scores of 6 variables: ANOVA, Pearson Correlaion analysis, regressional analysis, and canonical correlation analysis for the test of the relationships and differences between the variables. The results were. as follows : 1. No significant differences between forma lization, decision-making authority and environmental complexity were found(F=1.383, P=.24 ; F=.801, P=.37). 2. Negative relationships between formalization and decision-making authority for both urban and rural health centers were found(r=-.470, P=.002 ; r=-.348, P=.46). 3. No significant relationship between formalization and job satisfaction for both urban and rural health centers were found (r=-.242, P=.132, r=-.060, P=.739). 4. Significant positive relationship between decision - making authority and job satisfaction were found in urban health centers (r=.504, P=.0009), but no such relationship was observed in rural health centers. Regression coefficient between them was statistically significant($\beta=1.535$, P=.0002), and accuracy of regression line was accepted (W=.975, P= .420). 5. No significant relationships among formalization and family planning services, maternal health services, and tuberculosis control services for both urban and rural health centers were found. 6. Among decision-making authority and family planning services, maternal health services, and tuberculosis control services, significant positive relationship was found between de cision-making authority and family planning services(r=.286, P=.73). 7. A significant difference was found in maternal health services by the type of health centers (F=5.13, P=.026) but no difference was found in tuberculosis control services by the type of health centers, formalization, and decision-making authority. 8. A significant positive relationships were found between family planning services and maternal health services and tuberculosis control services, and between maternal health services and tuberculosis control services (r=-.499, P=.001 ; r=.457, P=.004 ; r=.495, P=.002) in case of urban health centers. In case of rural health centers, relationships between family planning services and tuberculosis control services, and between maternal health services and tuberculosis control services were statistically significant (r=.534, P=.002 ; r=.389, P=.027). No significant relationship was found between family planning and maternal health services. 9. A significant positive canonical correlation was found between the group of independent variables consisted of formalization and de cision-making authority and the group of dependent variables consisted of family planning services, maternal health services and tuberculosis control services(Rc=.455, P=.02). In case of urban health centers, no significant canonical correlation was found between them, but significant canoncial correlation was found in rural health centers(Rc=.578, P=.069), 10. Relationships between job satisfaction and health care productivity was not found significant. Through these results, the assumed relationship between environment and organizational structure was not supported in health centers. Therefore, the relationship between the organizational effectiveness and the congruence between environment and organizational structure that contingency theory proposes to exist was not able to be tested. However decision-making authority was found as an important variable of organizational structure affecting family planning services and job satisfaction in urban health centers. Thus it was suggested that decentralized decision making among health professionals would be a valuable strategy for improvement of organizational effectiveness in public health centers. It is also recommended that further studies to test contingency theory would use variability and uncertainty to define environment of public health centers instead of complexity.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2000

This study is designed to evaluation of the Community based Opthalmologic Health Services(CBOHS) for elderly carried out for last three years from 1994. The subjects were total 236 aged over 57 in Chuncheon city. Kangwon province. and the period of data collection was from Feb. 24th. 1996 to Feb. 27th. 1996. For evaluation of CBOHS. the questionnaire was consisted of participation rate. and perception about the service. the level of satisfaction and things to improve. Result were obtained as follows: 1. The number of participants was $95(40.3\%)$ among total subjects. The places provided services were the health service center of Seoul National University in Chuncheon city and community health center. The participants were known from announcements of community staff$(66.3\%)$. 2. Non participants were $59.7\%$ among total subjects. mam causes of missing wasn't known'. 3. The services that participants screening test$(41.2\%)$. provided provided operation$(45.5\%)$. 4. The question about things to improve were continuous follow up and more many glasses provision These fingings may indicate that the CBOHS need more announcement. continuous follow up and provide more many glasses. As proved the satisfaction of CBOHS for elderly. the next study can be performed about the relevant factor of the services.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.51-75
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• 2018

This study was intended to confirm the perception of the users for the public libraries specialized service through the difference in library service quality according to the availability of specialized services by utilizing 'LibQUAL+' that is a service quality assessment tool. As a results, there is difference in the minimum and perceived levels between libraries that provide assessment result specialized services for service levels and those that did not. And there was no difference in the expected level. The degree of service showed generally higher user perception in the Adequacy Gap and Superiority Gap than libraries that do not offer specialized services. Therefore, the users of public libraries recognize that libraries that offer specialized services are better served than libraries that do not.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.455-458
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• 2010

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law on March 23, 2010 and will fundamentally alter health care in the United States for years to come. The US is currently one of the only industrialized countries without universal health insurance. The new law expands existing public insurance for the poor. It also provides financial credits to low income individuals and some small businesses to purchase health insurance. By government estimates, the law will bring insurance to 30 million people. The law also provides for a significant new investment in prevention and wellness. It appropriates an unprecedented $15 billion in a prevention and public health fund, to be disbursed over 10 years, as well as creates a national prevention council to oversee the government's prevention efforts. This paper discusses 3 major prevention provisions in the legislation: 1) the waiving of cost-sharing for clinical preventive services, 2) new funding for community preventive services, and 3) new funding for workplace wellness programs. The paper examines the scientific evidence behind these provisions as well as provides examples of some model programs. Taken together, these provisions represent a significant advancement for prevention in the US health care system, including a shift towards healthier environments. However, in this turbulent economic and political environment, there is a real threat that much of the law, including the prevention provisions, will not receive adequate funding.