• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-86
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• 2005

Purpose: This study is a descriptive research which is designed to investigate hospitalized patients' intent to use home care nursing according to the types of medical security. Method: This researcher surveyed 236 patients who were hospitalized at B medical center located in Busan,. Data were collected from Sep. 1 to Nov. 30, 2005 using a questionnaire survey, medical records, face-to-face interviews and observations. Collected data were analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation through $x^2$-test and t-test under SPSS WIN 10.0 Program. Result: Out of the total subjects, 59.3% were medical aid clients and the remaining 40.7%, health insurance ones. The hospitalized period and frequency of the former group were 38.0 days and 4.0 times, respectively, while those of the latter, 37.7 and 3.4. When home care nursing clients were examined using a given classification device, it was found that out of the total 236 subjects, 205(86.9%) were needed to receive home care nursing, 121, medical aid and the other 84, health insurance. 24.0% of medical aid clients heard about home care nursing ever before, lower than 39.3% of health insurance clients. 43.8% of the former clients said cost for home care nursing was high while, 47.6% of the latter group responded expense for the nursing intervention was low. 30.6% of medical aid clients had intent to use home care nursing, lower than 47.6% of health insurance clients. 71.7% of those patients whose monthly income was 99 million won or below had no intent to use home care nursing, higher than 62.5% of those who were 100 million or over in monthly income(p<.05). 76.4% of those clients who had no nursing provider intented to use home care nursing, higher than those who had nursing provider(p<.05). Concerning contents of home care nursing, 85.1% of medical aid clients needed education, training and counseling while, 77.4% of health insurance aids wanted medication and injection. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of home care nursing by medical aid clients should be promoted through improving conditions for home care nursing in terms of expense, family and residence and making public relations about activities and contents of the home care nursing.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.97-106
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• 2004

Oukjuk becomes to known to the people and valuates due to the importance of the effect of the medicine. Known as taoist hermit plant, Oukjuk tea has called as a Solomon's Seal Tea in the western countries. Dissimilarly from other herb teas, it contains a high percentage of minerals. Because of the utility value of this, people used to use Oukjuk as an oriental medical treatment for various kinds of the condition of illness as for nutritive food or tonic material. According to the records, a sage of old or people seeking after truth had enjoyed the tea very much. In spite of these all effects, public has only a superficial understanding of the matter, Comprehending the problems, this study analyses ways and means of the functional packaging for the Solomon's Seal tea. In this research, the most problems came out with the quality of the products and the level of their packaging which is not variously in forms and not properly developed in materials and designs. As a conclusion the paper pointed out the importance of keeping the traditional high quality in product and having an appeal to packaging for customer's needs.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.435-449
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• 2013

The performance of Enterprise Architecture (EA) in the Korea's public IT domain produces mixed results and responses. On the one hand, EA earns positive remarks and enthusiasm as a central government-wide IT governance framework with its significant IT budget saving records. At the same time, however, the response to EA at the department and agency level is tainted with disappointment, fatigue, and reluctance. This essay suggests that this is perhaps caused by the sterile lackluster concept of EA Business Architecture employed in the current EA practice of the enterprise. The possibility for liberating and reviving the concept of EA Business Architecture is explored. Various conceptual axes and branches of EA Business Architecture are identified based upon extensive EA field experience and observations, and discussions are made on how the concept of EA Business Architecture can be expanded and amplified on those conceptual axes and branched. The resulting EA Business Architecture conceptualization is consolidated into an illustrative typology for EA Business Architecture. In the end the theoretical and practical implications of the research are discussed along with its contribution and limitation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.115-123
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• 2016

In this study, the landscape characteristics of the sacred Dangsan forests at Singi-ri, Namwon-si were investigated as an agricultural heritage, and the management scheme for revitalization of the village was introduced. FAO established the term of 'GIAHS' (Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems) for conservation of each country's farmland, unique agricultural landscape, and cultural diversity. The Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of Korea evaluates that the Agricultural Heritage is a new means and potential for rural development. Dangsan forest, a traditional village forests of rural Korea is a representative 'agricultural heritage' with a history of more than several hundred years of Dangsan ritual. The Dangsan forests were closely linked with paddy fields. This forest was composed of two Dangsan forests, and one Bibo forest. Especially, the Dangsan forest 2 was established on the mounding with 395m in length and 15m in width. Although, most of Dangsan forests do not have accurate records about forest establishment, this forest has retained a stone monument that illustrated the history of the forest. These aspects of Singi-ri's Dangsan forest indicated clear difference and characteristics compared to other ones. This Dangsan forest has been left alone from the public attention. The Dangsan forest at Singi-ri need to be recognized for their valuable landscape characteristics. By linking the Dangsan forest with 'Jirisan trail', the trail path will lead people to the agricultural heritage at Singi-ri. Enhancing the management scheme will contribute to revitalize the village.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2002

The recent development of embodiment technology of the medical images makes most medical institutions introduce PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication System) in haste. However lots of PACS solutions, currently developed and distributed, haven't been able to serve the convenience of users and to satisfy user's demand because of economic limitations and administrator-oriented considerations in the process of development. So we have developed MIH(Medical Image History), by which we can search and refer to the patient's medical images and information with few restrictions of time and space for diagnosis and treatment. This program will contribute to the improvement in the medical environment and meet the clients' need. We'll make more effort to develop the application which insures the better quality of medical images. MIH manages the patient's image files and medical records like film chart in connection with time. This trial will contribute to the reduction of the economical loss caused by unnecessary references and improve the quality in the medical services. The demand on the development or the program which refers to the medical +ata quickly and keeps them stable will be continued by the medical institute. This will satisfy the client's demand and improve the service to the patients in that tile program will be modified from the standpoint of the users. MIH is trying to keep user-oriented policy and to apply the benefit of the analog system to the digital environment. It is necessary to lead the public to the better understanding that the systematic management and referring of the medical images is as important as the quality of the images.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.389-400
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• 2014

Objectives: Though there are many studies about sleep disorder, no research has been performed on the utilization of oriental medicine as a treatment. Therefore, the oriental medical treatment pattern of Korean patients with sleep disorders was examined herein using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRAS). Methods: The medical records of patients with sleep disorders (G47) or nonorganic sleep disorders (F51) as a main diagnosis were adopted from the HIRAS database from 2011 to 2013. Analysis was performed on the number of patients and cost per patient, with comparison between oriental and western medicine in terms of gender, age, patient care service type, and hospital type. Results: 1) Regarding sleep disorders, the medical visits and insurance charges have been increasing. Western medicine was utilized 8 times more often than oriental medicine during 3 years. 2) There were 2.5 times more women than men. 3) Among all ages, the 50~59 year group had the highest representation. 4) In comparison of average portions of patient care type over 3 years, outpatients were the majority, while the number of visits of outpatients and hospitalization has been increasing. 5) Comparison of average portion of oriental hospital type over 3 years revealed oriental clinics to be used most. The use of general hospitals was higher in western medicine treatment, while public health centers used oriental medicine more. 6) Regarding average oriental medical cost per patient over 3 years, the total was 88,000 won, with 353,000 won for hospitalization and 85,000 won for outpatients. The outpatient cost has been increasing. 7) In line with 6, oriental medical hospitals cost 126,000 won, local clinics were 85,000 won, and etc. was 95,000 won. Average costs of all types have increased during 3 years, except oriental medical hospitals in 2013. Conclusions: This study provided objective information about the epidemiologic characteristic of oriental medicine used for treatment of sleep disorder. For expansion of oriental medical demand for sleep disorder, this study would be helpful in understanding the recent status.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.393-401
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• 2000

Objectives : To evaluate the impacts of the DRG payment system on the behavior of medical insurance claimants. Specifically, we evaluated the case-mix index, the numbers of diagnosis and procedure codes utilized, and the corresponding rate of diagnosis codes before, during and after implementation of the DRG payment system. Methods : In order to evaluate the case-mix index, the number of diagnosis and procedure codes utilized, we used medical insurance claim data from all medical facilities that participated in the DRG-based Prospective Payment Demonstration Program. This medical insurance claim data consisted of both pre-demonstration program data (fee-for-service, from November, 1998 to January, 1999) and post-demonstration program data (DRG-based Prospective Payment, from February, 1999 to April, 1999). And in order to evaluate the corresponding rate of diagnosis codes utilized, we reviewed 820 medical records from 20 medical institutes that were selected by random sampling methods. Results : The case-mix index rate decreased after the DRG-based Prospective Payment Demonstration Program was introduced. The average numbers of different claim diagnosis codes used decreased (new DRGs from 2.22 to 1.24, and previous DRGs from 1.69 to 1.21), as did the average number of claim procedure codes used (new DRGs from 3.02 to 2.16, and previous DRGs from 2.97 to 2.43). With respect to the time of participation in the program, the change in number of claim procedure codes was significant, but the change in number of claim diagnosis codes was not. The corresponding rate of claim diagnosis codes increased (from 57.5% to 82.6%), as did the exclusion rate of claim diagnosis codes (from 16.5% to 25.1%). Conclusions : After the implementation of the DRG payment system, the corresponding rate of insurance claim codes and the corresponding exclusion rate of claim diagnosis codes both increased, because the inducement system for entering the codes for claim review was changed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study is to identify factors determining the purchase of private health insurance under the mandatory National Health Insurance(NHI) system in Korea. Methods : The data were collected by the National Cancer Center in Korea. It includes cancer patients who were newly diagnosed with stomach (ICD code, C16), lung(C33-C34), liver (C22), colorectal cancer(C18-C20) or breast(C50) cancer. Data were gathered from the hospital Order Communication System (OCS), medical records, and face-to-face interviews, using a structured questionnaire. Clinical, socio-demographic and private health insurance related factors were also gathered. Results : Overall, 43.9% of patients had purchased one or more private health insurance schemes related to cancer, with an average monthly premium of \65,311 and an average benefit amount of \19million. Females, younger aged, high income earners, national health insurers and metropolitan citizens were more likely to purchase private health insurance than their counterparts. Conclusions : About half of Korean people have supple-mentary private health insurance and their benefits are sufficient to cover the out-of-pocket fees required for cancer treatment, but inequality remains in the purchase of private health insurance. Further studies are needed to investigate the impacts of private health insurance on NHI, and the relationship between cancer patients' burden and benefits.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2010

Objectives: To examine the prophylactic antibiotic use in reducing surgical site infection. Methods: This was a retrospective study for patients aged 18 years and older who underwent gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, cesarean section and hysterectomy. The data source was quality assessment data of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service gathered from medical records of 302 national hospitals. Prophylactic antibiotic use was defined as: timely antibiotic administration or inappropriate antibiotic selection. We performed hierarchical logistic regression to examine the association between prophylactic antibiotic use and surgical site infection with adjustment for covariates. Results: The study population consisted of 16 348 patients (1588 gastrectomies, 2327 cholecystectomies, 1,384 colectomies, 3977 hysterectomies and 7072 cesarean sections) and surgical site infection was identified in 351 (2.1%) patients. The rates of timely antibiotic administration and inappropriate antibiotic selection varied according to procedures. Cholecystectomy patients who received timely prophylactic antibiotic had a significantly reduced risk of surgical site infection compared with those who did not receive a timely prophylactic antibiotics (OR 0.64, 95% CI=0.50-0.83), but no significant reduction was observed for other procedures. When inappropriate prophylactic antibiotics were given, the risk of surgical site infection significantly increased: 8.26-fold (95% CI=4.34-15.7) for gastrectomy, 4.73-fold (95% CI=2.09-10.7) for colectomy, 2.34-fold (95% CI=1.14-4.80) for cesarean section, 4.03-fold (95% CI=1.93-8.42) for hysterectomy. Conclusions: This study examines the association among timely antibiotic administration, inappropriate antibiotic selection and surgical site infection. Patients who received timely and appropriate antibiotics had a decreased risk of surgical site infection. Efforts to improve the timing of antibiotic administration and use of appropriate antibiotic are needed to lower the risk of surgical site infection.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.111-119
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• 2016

Background: Shift work and/or sleep quality may affect health. We investigated whether shift work and sleep quality, separately and jointly, were associated with abnormal levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), and low-and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 360 police officers (27.5% women). Methods: Triglycerides, TC, and high-density lipoprotein were analyzed on the Abbott Architect; low-density lipoprotein was calculated. Shift work was assessed using City of Buffalo payroll work history records. Sleep quality (good, ${\leq}5$; intermediate, 6-8; poor, ${\geq}9$) was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. A shift work + sleep quality variable was created: day plus good sleep; day plus poor sleep; afternoon/night plus good; and poor sleep quality. Mean values of lipid biomarkers were compared across categories of the exposures using analysis of variance/analysis of covariance. Results: Shift work was not significantly associated with lipids. However, as sleep quality worsened, mean levels of triglycerides and TC gradually increased but only among female officers (age- and race-adjusted p = 0.013 and 0.030, respectively). Age significantly modified the association between sleep quality and TC. Among officers ${\geq}40$ years old, those reporting poor sleep quality had a significantly higher mean level of TC ($202.9{\pm}3.7mg/dL$) compared with those reporting good sleep quality ($190.6{\pm}4.0mg/dL$) (gender- and race-adjusted p = 0.010). Female officers who worked the day shift and also reported good sleep quality had the lowest mean level of TC compared with women in the other three categories (p = 0.014). Conclusion: Sleep quality and its combined influence with shift work may play a role in the alteration of some lipid measures.