• 제목/요약/키워드: puberty

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Effects of Maternal Hypothyroidism on the Pubertal Development in Female Rat Offspring

  • Park, Jin-Soo;Lee, Sung-Ho
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.83-91
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    • 2021
  • The present study was performed to investigate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism and puberty onset in female rat pups. To do this, we employed propylthiouracil (PTU) to prepare a hypothyroid rat model. Pregnant rats were treated with PTU (0.025%) in drinking water from gestational day 14 to postnatal day 21 of offspring. Comparison of general indices such as body and tissue weights and puberty indices such as vaginal opening (VO) and tissue histology between control and PTU-treated rats were conducted. There was no significant difference in the date of VO between control and PTU group. The body weights of the PTU group were significantly lower, only 36.8% of the control group (p<0.001). Although the absolute thyroid weight was not changed by PTU treatment, the relative weight increased significantly about 2.8 times (p<0.001), indicating that hypothyroidism was successfully induced. On the other hand, the absolute weights of the ovary and uterus were markedly decreased by PTU administration (p<0.001), and the relative weight was not significantly changed. The ovarian histology of PTU group revealed the advanced state of differentiation (i.e., presence of corpora lutea). Inversely, the uterine histology of PTU group showed underdeveloped structures compared those in control group. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that our maternal hypothyroidism model resulted in minimal effect on pubertal development symbolized by VO despite of huge retardation in somatic growth. More sophisticatedly designed hypothyroidism model will be helpful to achieve a better understanding of pubertal development and related disorders.

한국 사춘기 소녀들의 골밀도와 환경요인들과의 관계(II) (The Relationship Between Bone mineral Density and The Environmental Factors in Korean Pubescent Girls)

  • 최미자
    • 동아시아식생활학회지
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.41-51
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    • 1995
  • Bone mass accretion during puberty appears to be critical in the development of peak bone mass. Although bone density of females in Korea has been studied, only a few studies have related bone mass with anthropometric patterns or puberty in the pubescent girls. This study was conducted as part of a study of major determinants of bone development during puberty. Subjects were aged 14∼16 yr(mean 14.97), and had no history of disorders or dedication use likely to influence bone or calcium metabolism. Bone mineral density and content were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar DPX+Scanner (Lunar Madison, WI). Also, total body fat, and total lean body mass were assessed using a Lunar DPX dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer, Pubertal status was assessed according to the Marshall and Tanner guidelines. Serum levels of osteocalcin was measured by RIA using a commercial kit assay. Skinfold measurements were taken with a skinfold caliper(Lange Caliper, USA). Data were analyzed using the regression and GLM procedure of the statistical package SAS. The results indicated that the observed means for lumbar spine BMD and femoral BMD correspond to approximately 91% and 96% of the means for young adult females, respec tively. All subjects were menarchal, with the majority being in the middle to end stages of pubertal development. Total body BMD was positively related to fat mass(P<0.001), lean body mass and time since menarche, and negatively related to urine pyridinoline, serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The data indicate that girls who reported lower age for menarche had significantly higher bone densities than girls who reported higher age for menarche. Attaining peak skeletal bone mass during puberty may reduce the incidence of osteoporosis in later life. this finding suggests that early menarche may augment peak bone mass, influencing the extent of bone loss later in adulthood. The results suggest that good nutrition in childhood appears to be needed not for growth and development, but possibly also to assure an optimal peak of bone mass and thus greater latitude for the maintenance or skeletal integrity in the face of bone losses. Troeps skinfold thickness was a better predictor of total BMD and total BMC than was any other skinfold thickness. The study did not find a relationship between total BMD and body fat %, but total fat was significantly positively related to total BMD(r=0.49) and total BMC(r=0.60). It supports earlier report that there was a significant correlation between TBMD and body weight. Conclusively, total fat, lean body mass and pubertal development could influence BMD in pubescent girls. Clearly, longitudinal studies are required to assess the effect of puberty on peak bone mass, and to define further the potential determinants of peak bone mass.

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초기 사춘기의 골연령 비교: 전산화된 Greulich-Pyle 기반 골연령 대비 Sauvegrain 방법 (Comparison of Bone Ages in Early Puberty: Computerized Greulich-Pyle Based Bone Age vs. Sauvegrain Method)

  • 이상영;임수아
    • 대한영상의학회지
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    • 제83권5호
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    • pp.1081-1089
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    • 2022
  • 목적 Greulich-Pyle 기반 전산화된 손 골연령과 팔꿈치 골연령을 비교하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법 팔꿈치 골연령이 Sauvegrain 방법에 의해 평가 가능한 범위 내에 있고, 동시에 손 X선 사진을 촬영한 2126명의 환자(여아 1525명, 남아 601명)를 대상으로 하였다. VUNOMedBoneAge 소프트웨어를 이용하여 손의 1순위 골연령과 VUNO 점수를 얻었으며, 아동의 성별과 1순위 골연령 확률에 따라 손 골연령과 팔꿈치 골연령의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과 VUNO 점수와 팔꿈치 골연령의 상관관계(r = 0.898)가 1순위 골연령과 팔꿈치 골연령의 상관관계(r = 0.879)보다 높았다. 1순위 골연령 확률이 70% 미만이거나 여아인 경우, VUNO 점수를 사용하면 팔꿈치 골연령과 더 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 팔꿈치 골연령은 손 골연령보다 진행된 경향을 보였으며 그 차이는 사춘기 중반까지 증가하다가 후반에 점차 감소하였다. 결론 사춘기 시기의 Greulich-Pyle 기반 전산화된 손 골연령은 팔꿈치 골연령과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 다만 팔꿈치 골연령은 손 골연령보다 빠른 경향이 있어 사춘기의 골연령 판단에 있어 주의가 필요하겠다.

유소년기 골밀도와 성장과의 상관관계 (The Relationship of Bone Mineral Density to Growing Age)

  • 홍성민;신정식;한은옥;안중환;한승무
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
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    • 제28권10호
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    • pp.1451-1457
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    • 2004
  • Bone density parameters of children, unlike that of adult, might reflect growth effect along longitudinal direction as well as bone mass. The clinical test was performed for 859 male/female children with age 6-16 years. Ultrasonic imaging system was used to measure bone density, and relationship of bone density to age was evaluated. The bone quality index appeared to be highly correlated with age for male/female children. It was found that bone quality index rose rapidly in the first growth period. The bone quality index was then kept almost unchanged in the period of puberty, and slowly rose after puberty. It was also found that growth of female stopped earlier than that of male. Also, if more clinical examinations are performed by applying various sizes of region of interest, relationship between bone density and age is expected to be more reliable.

부당경량아에서의 성장과 성 발달 (Growth and sex differentiation of children born small for gestational age)

  • 김세영
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제52권2호
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    • pp.142-151
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    • 2009
  • The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) births is frequent, accounting for 2.3% to 8% of all live births. Several childhood and adult diseases are related to early postnatal growth and birth size, and 10% of children born SGA may have a short stature throughout postnatal life. Additionally, they may have abnormal growth hormone (GH)-insulin like growth factor axis, HPA axis, and gonadal function. Permanent changes are detrimental in an environment of nutritional abundance, and predispose SGA children to an array of diseases in adolescence and adulthood. Such changes may also cause premature pubarche, adrenarche, and precocious puberty. The varying results from clinical studies necessitate more prospective case control studies. Reproductive tract abnormalities and reproductive dysfunction are related to SGA births. GH treatment is required for SGA infants who do not experience catch-up growth.

한국 재래닭의 부화 후 성장단계별 넙다리뼈와 정강뼈 성장에 관한 연구 (The growth stage study on the femur and tibia of Korean native chicken after hatching)

  • 태현진
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제38권3호
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    • pp.181-188
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    • 2015
  • Skeletal development of chicken has been widely discussed in industrial forums and various research reports. However, these studies were emphasis on the commercial chicken strains for improve egg and meat production whereas the skeletal quiet remains as a potential weak link related to facilitating in the physical support of heavier carcasses at ever younger ages. For that, the study of standardization of skeletal development is important but it was rarely reported in Korean native chicken (KNC). The study was investigated the skeletal characteristics of KNC for international standardization. We studied in KNC at 2, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112, 126, 147, 168, 196, 224, 336 and 448 days after hatch (male and female, n=13 for each group). We measured the body weight (BW), and after sacrifice measured organs and remove muscle from femur & tibia and measured bone weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan test, correlation analysis and regression analysis of SAS 9.1. We analyzed the data of BW, femur & tibia and made growth curve also. The BW was significantly increased up to 147 days after hatch (male, $1,927.88{\pm}68.92g$; female, $1,456.00{\pm}50.11g$), and then increased gradually. At 336 days, these growth was stop (male, $2,467.00{\pm}42.84g$; female, $1,568.71{\pm}62.62g$). The growth of femur & tibia length and width was stop on 98~126 days after hatch. At 98 days, we measured the length and width of femur & tibia in male were $132.39{\pm}3.18mm$ & $25.98{\pm}0.59mm$ whereas in female at 112 days the length of femur & tibia was $116.40{\pm}1.55mm$ and at 126 days width was $21.41{\pm}0.38mm$. Our study suggests that the growth of male KNC was classified pre-puberty (0~98 days), puberty (98~336 days) and maturity (after 336 days), meanwhile female was shown similar trend however puberty period of KNC was 112 or 126 days after hatch.

Differential Growth of the Reproductive Organs during the Peripubertal Period in Male Rats

  • Han, Seung Hee;Lee, Sung-Ho
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.469-475
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    • 2013
  • In mammals, puberty is a process of acquiring reproductive competence, triggering by activation of hypothalamic kisspeptin (KiSS)-gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal circuit. During peripubertal period, not only the external genitalia but the internal reproductive organs have to be matured in response to the hormonal signals from hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis. In the present study, we evaluated the maturation of male rat accessory sex organs during the peripubertal period using tissue weight measurement, histological analysis and RT-PCR assay. Male rats were sacrificed at 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 70 postnatal days (PND). The rat accessory sex organs exhibited differential growth patterns compared to those of non-reproductive organs. The growth rate of the accessory sex organs were much higher than the those of non-reproductive organs. Also, the growth spurts occurred differentially even among the accessory sex organs; the order of prepubertal organ growth spurts is testis = epididymis > seminal vesicle = prostate. Histological study revealed that the presence of sperms in seminiferous tubules and epididymal ducts at day 50, indicating the puberty onset. The number of duct and the volume of duct in epididymis and prostate were inversely correlated during the experimental period. Our RT-PCR revealed that the levels of hypothalamic GnRH transcript were increased significantly on PND 40, suggesting the activation of hypothalamic GnRH pulse-generator before puberty onset. Studies on the peripubertal male accessory sex organs will provide useful references on the growth regulation mechanism which is differentially regulated during the period in androgen-sensitive organs. The detailed references will render easier development of endocrine disruption assay.

The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on anthropometric change in girls with central precocious puberty

  • Yoon, Jong Wan;Park, Hyun A;Lee, Jieun;Kim, Jae Hyun
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제60권12호
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    • pp.395-402
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: The potential effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment on the weight of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) remains a controversy. We investigated anthropometric changes during and after GnRHa treatment among girls with CPP. Methods: This retrospective study evaluated data from 127 girls with CPP who received GnRHa treatment for ${\geq}2years$. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values were compared at the baseline (visit 1), after 1 year of GnRHa treatment (visit 2), the end of GnRHa treatment (visit 3), and 6-12 months after GnRHa discontinuation (visit 4). Results: The height z score for chronological age (CA) increased continuously between visit 1 and visit 4. No significant differences were observed in BMI z score for CA between visits 1 and 4. However, an increasing trend in the BMI z score for bone age (BA) was observed between visits 1 and 4. The numbers of participants who were of normal weight, overweight, and obese were 97, 22, and 8, respectively, at visit 1, compared to 100, 16, and 11, respectively, at visit 4 (P=0.48). Conclusion: Among girls with CPP, the overall BMI z score for CA did not change significantly during or after GnRHa treatment discontinuation, regardless of their BMI status at visit 1. However, the BMI z score for BA showed an increasing trend during GnRHa treatment and a decreasing trend after discontinuation. Therefore, long-term follow-up of BMI changes among girls with CPP is required until they attain adult height.

Reproductive performance comparison between local and crossbred sows reared under backyard and farming condition in Rangamati district of Bangladesh

  • Hossain, M.I.;Momin, M.M.;Fakhrul Islam, K.M.;Quader, M.N.;Miah, G.
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.249-254
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    • 2016
  • It is imperious to know the reproductive parameters of the subsisting swine breed for profitable farming in Bangladesh. This study was designed to compare the reproductive parameters of sows at hilly areas between the local and crossbred at farm and backyard level. A total of 116 breedable sows were included. The data on age at puberty, litter size, birth weight, weaning weight, gestation length, interval between farrowing and number of piglets born per sow in local and crossbred sows were determined and direct questionnaire method was used for data collection. The present study revealed that age at puberty between farm and backyard system of crossbred sows was $8.88{\pm}0.153$ and $9.85{\pm}0.221$ months, respectively. The farrowing interval was shorter in crossbred sows which were kept in farming system rather than backyard system. The interval between farrowing and onset of estrus was shorter in crossbred sows. The gestation length was almost similar between backyard and farm condition. The number of litter size per sow per farrowing was $8.45{\pm}0.41$ in crossbred and $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in local pigs at backyard system. The birth weight and weaning weight were more in farm conditions than backyard system. The age at puberty in local breed was lower than the crossbred and litter size was $8.45{\pm}0.407$ in crossbred which was higher than local breed $7.17{\pm}0.250$ in backyard system. These results suggest that reproductive parameters of local sow need to be improved for better production and crossbred sows should be reared for obtaining desired productivity.