• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.551-560
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a needs scale for patients with cancer undergoing follow-up care (NS-C). Methods: A preliminary NS-C of 48 was derived from literature reviews and in-depth interviews with patients with cancer. Content validation of the items was established by oncology physicians and nurses. Each item was scored on a five-point Likert scale. The preliminary NS-C and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status questionnaires were administered to 873 patients with cancer recruited from three university hospitals. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. Results: From the factor analysis, 25 significant items in six subscales were derived. The subscales were named physical symptoms, diet and exercise, support, relationship with health professionals, treatment/prognosis, and keeping mind under control. The NS-C also established item convergent and discriminant validity, and known-groups validity. Cronbach's alpha of the subscales ranged from .90 to .92. Conclusion: This study suggests that the NS-C is an easy, reliable and valid instrument to measure the needs of patients with cancer. Health professionals may use the NS-C for patients with cancer both in practice and research.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1583-1595
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• 2004

치열한 경쟁구조하의 패션시장에서 강력한 브랜드자산은 기업 경쟁우위의 원천이 될 수 있다. 이는 브랜드 자산이 소비자가 브랜드에 가치를 부여하는 원천을 알게 함으로써 향후 브랜드 전략 수립의 중요한 지침을 제공하기 때문이다. 그러므로 브랜드 자산 관리에서의 핵심이란 곧 소비자 자산의 측정에 관한 부분일 것이다. 과거 20여 년간 마케팅 분야에서는 브랜드 자산 측정방법에 관한 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만 기존의 접근에서 다루어진 패션브랜드 자산의 측정들은 패션브랜드만의 다차원적인 사회 심리적 특성을 반영하기에 미흡하였다. 이러한 관점에서 최근 김혜정과 임숙자(2002)는 Heller(2001)의 Customer Based Brand Equity Model을 기초로 하여 패션 브랜드 자산의 척도를 제안하였다. 그들은 패션브랜드 자산은 소비자 지각에서 위계적인 형성과정을 통해 형성되며 이러한 형성과정은 브랜드 종류에 따라 다소 상이하다는 것을 경험적으로 입증하였다. 그러나 각 브랜드 간의 자산 크기에 대한 상대적 비교는 유보되었는데, 이는 보다 엄격한 psychometric 검증을 결여 하였기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 이의 후속 분석으로, 측정척도에 대한 확증적 요인분석(Confirmatory Factor Analysis)과 이의 측정모델(Measurement Model)에 대한 다모집단(Multi-Group)의 등치테스트(Invariance Test; 동일변량 가정)를 통해 경쟁관계의 두 브랜드에 대한 자산 크기의 상대적 차이를 비교하였다. 통계분석은 AMOA 4.0을 사용하여 구조방정식 모형분석을 하였다. 분석결과 패션브랜드 자산은 6개의 구성요소로 구성된 다차원의 개념이며 이들은 16개의 관찰변수를 통해 유의하게 측정될 수 있음을 검증하였다. 또한 `고객-브랜드 공명'차원을 제외한 5개의 구성요소(고객감정, 고객판단, 브랜드 이미지, 브랜드 성능, 브랜드 인식)의 평균값 비교에서 두 브랜드 간의 상대적 크기에 유의한 차이가 검증됨으로써 특정 브랜드의 자산이 고객에게는 보다 월등한 것으로 지각되고 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 브랜드 간 자산 크기의 상대적 비교에 대한 통계적 타당성의 기초를 마련하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2013

Objectives: As quality of work-life (QWL) among nurses affects both patient care and institutional standards, assessment regarding QWL for the profession is important. Work-related Quality of Life Scale (WRQOLS) is a reliable QWL assessment tool for the nursing profession. To develop a Chinese version of the WRQOLS-2 and to examine its psychometric properties as an instrument to assess QWL for the nursing profession in China. Methods: Forward and back translating procedures were used to develop the Chinese version of WRQOLS-2. Six nursing experts participated in content validity evaluation and 352 registered nurses (RNs) participated in the tests. After a two-week interval, 70 of the RNs were retested. Structural validity was examined by principal components analysis and the Cronbach's alphas calculated. The respective independent sample t-test and intra-class correlation coefficient were used to analyze known-group validity and test-retest reliability. Results: One item was rephrased for adaptation to Chinese organizational cultures. The content validity index of the scale was 0.98. Principal components analysis resulted in a seven-factor model, accounting for 62% of total variance, with Cronbach's alphas for subscales ranging from 0.71 to 0.88. Known-group validity was established in the assessment results of the participants in permanent employment vs. contract employment (t = 2.895, p < 0.01). Good test-retest reliability was observed (r = 0.88, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The translated Chinese version of the WRQOLS-2 has sufficient validity and reliability so that it can be used to evaluate the QWL among nurses in mainland China.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine validity and reliability of Webel and colleagues'HIV Self-Management Scale when used with a Korean sample. Methods: The original 20-item HIV Self-Management Scale was translated into Korean using translation and back-translation. Nine HIV nurse experts tested content validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from 203 patients was used to test construct validity. Concurrent validity was evaluated using correlation with patients'self-rating as a "mart patient"measured using a visual analogue scale. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach' alpha coefficients. Results: All items were rated as having satisfactory content validity. Based on PCA and consideration of conceptual meaning, a three-factor solution was selected, explaining 48.76% of the variance. CFA demonstrated the adequacy of the three-domain structure of the construct HIV self-management: daily self-management health practices, social support and HIV self-management, and chronic nature of HIV self-management. Goodness-of-fit indices showed an acceptable fit overall with the full model (${\chi}^2/df_{(164)}=1.66$, RMSEA=0.06, SRMR=0.05, TLI=0.91, and CFI=0.92). The Korean version of the HIV Self-Management Scale (KHSMS) was significantly correlated with patients'self-rated smart patient (r=.41). The subscale Cronbach' alpha coefficients ranged from .78 to .81; alpha for the total scale was .89. Conclusion: The KHSMS provides a valid and reliable measure of self-management in Korean patients with HIV. Continued psychometric testing is recommended to provide further evidence of validity with this population.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2007

Objectives : It was to translate three neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires - the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) - into Korean language, and evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean versions of questionnaires to achieve a good cross-cultural adaptation. Methods : Forty (23 males, 17 females) subjects aged from 15 to 64 years old, participated to examine test-retest reliability. One hundred and eighty (76 males, 104 females) subjects with a primary diagnosis of non-specific neck pain and 81 healthy volunteers were undertaken to examine internal consistemcy, discriminative validity and longitudinal construct validity. Versions of each questionnaire in idiomatic modern Korean were developed using a procedure proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). To assess reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC $_{(2,1)}$) was calculated. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Discriminative validity was examined with independent-group t-tests. Responsiveness was tested by calculating the effect size and standardized response mean for each questionnaire and using Pearson' s r and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results : Test-retest reliability ofthe translated versions of the three disability questionnaires was excellent (ICC $_{(2,1)$ = 0.86-0.90). High internal consistency was found in the three disability questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha ranged from ${\alpha}=0.88$ for the FRI to ${\alpha}=0.96$ for the NPDS and 0.82 for the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ)). the VAS subscale of the SFMPQ was found to be the most responsive of the subscales (ES=1.44, SRM=1.37). The VAS was also the most responsive pain and disability index in internal responsiveness analysis, although disability indices showed marginally better responsiveness when compared with external standards. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions : It is concluded that the questionnaires were successfully translated and exhibit acceptable measurement properties, and may suggest that they are suitable for use in clinical and research application.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.463-468
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• 2013

Background: Body image dissatisfaction among breast cancer survivors has been associated with psychological stress resultant from breast cancer and resultant surgery. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay Version of the Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale (MVBITS) and to investigate the associations of retained factors with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Materials and Methods: The MVBITS was 'forward-backward' translated from English to Malay and then administered to 70 female breast cancer patients who came to the Oncology Clinic of University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to undergo chemotherapy. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was performed to explore the factor structure of the MVBITS. Associations of retained factors were estimated with reference to Spearman correlation coefficients. Results: The internal consistency reliability of MVBITS was good (Cronbach's alpha 0.945) and showed temporal stability over a 3-week period. Principal component analysis suggested two factors termed as 'Intrusion' and 'Avoidance' domains. These factors explained 70.3% of the variance. Factor 1 comprised the effects of breast cancer treatment on the emotion and thought, while Factor 2 informed attempts to limit exposure of the body to self or others. The Factor 1 of MVBITS was positively correlated with total, depression and anxiety sub-scores of HADS. Factor 2 was positively correlated with total and anxiety sub-scores of HADS. MVBITS was also positively correlated with the RSES scores. Conclusions: The results showed that the Malay Version of Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale possesses satisfactory psychometric properties suggesting that this instrument is appropriate for assessment of body change stress among female breast cancer patients in Malaysia.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale for older adults with hypertension in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was used with 196 participants. Translation and back-translation were performed by bilingual nursing professionals and a nutritionist. Reliability and validity such as content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity were conducted. To evaluate the concurrent validity, the correlation coefficients between the Korean version of Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and concurrent scales (hypertension adherence scale and self-efficacy scale) were calculated. Results: The total 20 items for the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care (HBP-SC) Behavior Scale were retained during item-analysis. In explanatory factor analysis, a two-factor solution was proposed and the two factors named, 'HBP-SC Diet behavior' and 'HBP-SC Health behavior (except diet)'. The two factors accounted for 48.9% of the variances. The Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior Scale correlated with concurrent variables such as hypertension adherence and self-efficacy. For reliability of the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.92$. Conclusion: Findings show that the Korean version of the Hypertension Self-Care Behavior is reliable and valid for measuring self-care behavior of older adults with hypertension.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.549-558
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Needs Assessment Tool for Case Management (NATCM) for use with Korean medical aid beneficiaries. Methods: Psychometric testing was performed with a sample of 645 Korean medical aid beneficiaries, which included 41 beneficiaries who were selected using proportional sampling method, to examine intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Data were evaluated using item analyses, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and ICC. Results: Through psychometric testing the final version of NATCM was found to consist of two subscales: 1) Appropriateness of Health Care Utilization (5 items) and 2) Self Care Ability (6 items). The two subscale model was validated by CFA (RMSEA=.08, GFI=.97, and CFI=.93). Internal consistency measured by Cronbach's alpha was .82, and subscale reliability ranged from .79 to .84. The ICC of the NATCM between case managers was .73 and between case managers and health care professionals. .82. Conclusion: This study suggests that the final version of NATCM is a brief, reliable, and valid instrument to measure needs of Korean medical aid beneficiaries. Therefore, the NATCM can be effectively utilized as an important needs assessment as well as outcome evaluation tool for case management programs in Korea.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2011

Purpose: Cervical cancer can be prevented by regular cervical screening. Embarrassment has been reported as one important barrier to cervical screening uptake. The absence of appropriate instrumentation, however, has limited our understanding of the links between embarrassment and health care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric attributes of the uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment questionnaire. Methods: A convenience sample for field study was recruited from four gynecological clinics in Gyeongju, Korea. Within a cross-sectional descriptive design, 339 women who had cervical screening completed self-administered measures of embarrassment including a visual analogue, general medical embarrassment, dispositional embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Results: Rasch analysis of items demonstrated the evidence of one-dimensional construct and good 7-point rating scales functioning. Factor analysis revealed that uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment was comprised of two domains-bodily manifestations and perceiving an undesirable social face. Construct validity was demonstrated by a high subscale-to-subscale correlation. Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced by significant correlations with a 100 mm VAS scale, general medical embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Known-group validity was established by comparing women with high versus low trait embarrassment. Both two sub-scales and overall scale demonstrated good internal reliability. Conclusion: The Uterine uterine cervical cancer screening questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument suited to assessing the manifestations of embarrassment during screening. The use of instrument can be extended to understand the client's embarrassment undergoing health examinations which require the exposure of their private parts.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric features of the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale-the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (K-EDDS DSM-5). Methods : A total of 72 patients diagnosed with eating disorders participated in the study. The diagnosis was based on the Korean version of the Eating Disorder Examination (KEDE) interview. All participants completed the K-EDDS and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire version 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) for this study. The psychometric features of the K-EDDS were examined using exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity of agreement between the K-EDDS and the KEDE, and internal consistency. Results : The exploratory factor analysis initially extracted 6-factor structures which were reconstructed into 4 factors of body dissatisfaction, binge behavior, binge frequency, and compensatory behavior based on appropriateness of the items. The internal consistency of the K-EDDS was fairly acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=0.72). The diagnostic agreement between the K-EDDS and the KEDE was high (98.61%). The 4 factors of the K-EDDS showed significant correlation with the 4 subscales of the EDE-Q 6.0. Conclusion : Our data suggests that the K-EDDS is a reliable and valid tool for the diagnosis of eating disorders based on the DSM-5.