• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.217-230
• /
• 1996

The main objective of this study is to find out the various causes of conjugal psychological.physical abuse and to determine desirable coping strategy contributing to their individual well-being in the condition. Survey of 328 couples residing in Seoul and Puasn are picked up as datum sources. The main results are as follows ; 1. The percentile of husbands who experience psychological abuse stands at 69.8% and 78.1% for the wives, on the other hand physical abuse on the husbands stands at the 25.9% while 44.8% on wives. 2. Coping strategy on psychological.physical abuse showed a significant difference according to their sex. 3. Of the variables which affect the individual well-being, mutual agreement had the most significant influence.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2005

This paper investigates psychological differences between constructors and interpreters of causal maps. This paper argues that dissipation effects and dilution effects applies to those who are to interpret causal maps not to those who construct them. Dissipation effects are psychological tendency that people perceive causal effect as weak as the number of causal links increases. Dilution effects occur when people undervalue the strength of causal relation as the number of causal variables increases. Experimental results show that concentration effects opposite to the dissipation effects and dilution effects explain more correctly the perception of constructors of causal maps. This paper points out that this asymmetric psychological tendencies between constructors and interpreters of causal maps is the psychological source of the communication problems between systems thinkers and their clients.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 2017

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and pain in cancer patients. Methods : 249 patients with cancer who visited National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital between April 2013 and March 2014 were evaluated with National Cancer Center Psychological Symptom Inventory(NCC-PSI) which consisted of Modified Distress Thermometer(MDT) and Modified Impact Thermometer(MIT). Each scale was divided into 3 subscales targeting separate symptoms: insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Psychological distress was defined as positive for those who scored above the cutoff values in at least one of all six subscales. The Numeric Rating Scale for Pain(NRS-Pain) was used to assess the subjective severity of pain. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the association between psychological distress and pain. Results : Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that pain, gender, compliance, and two subscale scores of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pain and HADS anxiety subscale score maintained a statistically significant association with psychological distress adjusted for variables including age, gender, years of education, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, cancer stage, Charlson Comorbidity Index, compliance, and HADS depression subscale score. One point increase in pain was 1.31 times more likely to cause psychological distress. In secondary analysis, pain was significantly associated with all subscales of NCC-PSI, except MIT-anxiety subscale. Conclusions : This study suggests that NCC-PSI, a screening tool for psychological distress, reflects pain. We recommend that physicians who treat cancer patients consider the examination of psychological distress which provides comprehensive evaluation of various factors regarding quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.40-51
• /
• 2000

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul( mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competant older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al,1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data,191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects (3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78(40.8%) belonged to the precontemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenace stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for exercise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, P=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden (F=26.52, P=.0001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical - Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion : Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.125-141
• /
• 2013

This research aims to integrate study results through a meta-analysis of previous studies on the variables related with social support for female marriage immigrants. Based on the results, this study established the foundation of an integrated social support system for female marriage immigrants which considers both the functional perspective and structural perspective of social support, and suggested plans for an efficient support system. All social support was positively associated with female marriage immigrants marriage life, child-rearing behavior and attitude, reduction of stress and depression and psychological stability. In relation to the effect size of each variable related with all social support, the marriage variable had the biggest relationship with it, followed by the parenting variable, the psychological variable and the stress variable in that order. With reference to the relationship with related variables according to the sub-domain of social support, from the structural perspective, spousale support showed a high relationship with the marriage variable and the stress variable. It was also especially, very highly related with the marriage variable. In addition, a married woman's family support and expert support had an intermediate relationship with the marriage variable, and the husband's family support and friend support had a low relationship with it. From the functional perspective, material support had a very high relationship with the marriage variable, whereas it had a low relationship with the stress variable and the psychological variable. Emotional support was also highly related with marriage variable, but showed an intermediate or low relationship with the psychological variable and the stress variable. On the other hand, informational support displayed an intermediate relationship with the stress variable and the psychological variable, and a high relationship with the marriage variable. Lastly, evaluative support had a high relationship with the marriage variable and the psychological variable. Based on these results, this study proposed plans for an integrated social support system as follows. First, education ought to be provided for the spouses, and support for marital adjustment should be offered. Second, there plans should be made for continuous bonding with the family of origin, and support should be given to address changes in awareness of the relationship with the husband's parents. Third, it is required to revitalize the local community and self-help groups, and provide the female marriage immigrants with opportunities to participate in social activities.

• Journal of Family Relations
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.53-80
• /
• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual awareness variables influencing emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions of unmarried men and women. Independent variables were values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, perceptions and availabilities of marriage-related policies, views on the marriageable age, psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by significant people, and views on parents' support for marriage fund. Method: 553 unmarried men and women in Daegu, Korea were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: First, this study was more exploratory and in-depth approach to marriage intentions than precedent studies. The sub factors of marriage intentions were emotional, normative, and functional marriage ones. Second, emotional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage personally or by friends influenced emotional marriage intention. Third, normative marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, religion, occupational status, employment condition, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perception to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, view on the marriageable age, availabilities of marriage-related information offering policies, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by mother influenced normative marriage intention. Fourth, functional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, job, parents' support for marriage fund, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, functional marriage intention was influenced by values of offspring, perception about unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual awareness variables influenced on marriage intentions. Especially, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried, and attitudes toward multiple role planning influenced on emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions in common. Conclusions: The findings from these analyses suggest that the selective process based on the individual awareness has become very significant to having marriage intentions. Therefore, this study will contribute as the basic data on national marriage-related policies. Furthermore, this study will be able to use to think about the marriage intention as a task to be preceded by the national policy in order to prepare for Korea 's low fertility and aging phenomenon.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.229-243
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing model for the aged. This study was conducted to measure the physical, psychological and mental health status of the aged and to identify relationships between these health levels and various variables. The data were collected from 172 aged(over 60 years old) by interviews. The tools used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was developed and revised by the researchers. The tool consisted of 22 items on physical health assessment, 7 items on psychological health assessment, 9 items on mental health assessment and 10 items on an ADL evaluation. The major results of the study were as follows ; 1. In physical health, the aged complained of visual disturbance(60.5%), incontinence of urine (55.2%), back or muscle pain(73.3%), dizziness(70.3%) and diarrhea or constipation(44.2%). In psychological health, most aged people felt anger when they got some order from an other person(80.2%). Also, they had depression (69.8%) and felt like dying(64.0%). The ADL level was mostly normal for daily life. 2. The aged man was more healthy than the aged woman in physical and mental health especially the 60-64 year old group. The physical, mental health and ADL level had a positive correlation with age(p>.004), but psychological health had a negative correlation with age. 3. The physical, psychological, mental health and ADL level was positively interrelated with each other. 4. The physical, mental health, & ADL level lowered with inceasing age. Physical & psychological health worsened rapidly from 65-69 years, but for 10-15 years, their health level was preserved. Psychological health level was high in 80-84. 5. The physical health was affected by edu cational level, sex and pocket money (R=.4029, 16.24%). The psychological health was affected by the supportive style and pocket money (R=.5128, 26.30%). And the mental health was affected by education level, age, support ive style, sex and job(R=.4377, 19.16%). As seen above, we suggest the intervention of the young for the old to cope with their life and to maintain their healthy late adulthood. Also, if they have received psychological support in the institution, they will maintain healthy life condition. For further studies should be a search for variables that affect aged health, and should contribut to a nursing program better suited for the aged.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.481-503
• /
• 2012

This study aims to investigate the effects of the Big Five Aspects on psychological adjustment and the practical use of the Big Five Aspects in personality studies. Correlations between psychological adjustment(subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, depression) and the Big Five Aspects were compared to correlations between the Big Five and psychological adjustment. The results showed distinction between two aspects within each of the Big Five that major personality traits that are actually related to psychological adjustment were found. Multiple regressions were used with subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, and depression as criterion variables to investigate the effect of the Big Five Aspect on psychological adjustment and the results are as followed. Big Five Aspects accounted for 66.2% of the variance in subjective well-being and withdrawal, compassion, industriousness, enthusiasm, assertiveness, openness significantly predicted subjective well-being. Life satisfaction and depression were significantly predicted by withdrawal and enthusiasm. Withdrawal was the only variable that significantly predicted anxiety. Multiple regression also showed that withdrawal and enthusiasm were the most consistent, accountable variables in predicting overall psychological adjustment. This findings indicate that individual's personality traits played a significant role in predicting subjective well-being and mental health as consistent with past findings, and that the Big Five Aspects can offer more detailed and specific description than the Big Five can. Finally, the research discusses implications, limitations and suggestions for further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.460-468
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study were 1) to identify the differences between homosexual and heterosexual men in clothing behaviors(fashion leadership, preference for up-to-date style and sexual attractiveness), lifestyle and sex-role attitudes, and 2) to investigate the relation- ships between clothing behaviors and lifestyle and sex-role attitudes. The data was collected via self-administered questionnaires from 183 adult men(88 homosexual, 95 heterosexual men) living in Seoul, and was analyzed by factor analysis, t-test, correlations and multiple regressions. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Two factors of fashion leadership. were identified: fashion opinion leadership and fashion innovativeness. Four factors of lifestyle were identified: appearance awareness, self-confidence, authoritativeness, and achievement. 2. The result of t-test between homosexual and heterosexual men in clothing behaviors and psychological characteristics, homosexual men showed higher scores in fashion innovativeness, fashion opinion leadership, preference for up-to-date style, and appearance awareness of lifestyle characteristics. 3. From the result of analyzing the effects of psychological characteristics on 4 variables of clothing behaviors, appearance awareness of lifestyle characteristics was found to be the most influential factor for all the clothing behavior variables in both groups.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.27-49
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify poorly understood factors related to the recent rapid decline in fertility in Korean society. Along with Becker's child demand theory, personal psychological traits, such as independence, nurturance, and affiliation, were given special attention in this study. We examine the processes of resource transfers between married women and their parents on childbearing intention in order to verify the effects of both factors. Five hundred and seventy-six women in their early stage of marriage from the 2009 wave of the National Survey of Marriage and Childbirth were analyzed. Main results of the study are as follows. First, Becker's child demand theory is not supported. Instead, the women who were not given economic support from their parents in getting a residence at the time of their wedding turned out to be more willing to have a child, potentially because they were more independent. Second, the women who provided caretaking and emotional support to their parents had higher childbearing intentions, potentially because they were more nurturing. In conclusion, these personal psychological variables are important in understanding the childbearing behavior of women. We suggest that the government should pay more attention to the micro-personal factors raised in this study when executing policies to reverse the current trend of low fertility.