• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2001

Numerous foreign studies document perceived difference of the public toward male and female doctors, but little is known about the way Korean college students view the gender of the doctors. This study investigates whether or not college students evaluate the technical and socio-psychological skills differently depending on the gender of the doctors. This study also tests the association between the gender of respondents and the gender of doctors of their choice for several types of diseases. The 440 college students at one campus were selected using systematic stratified random sampling technique and were interviewed by questionnaire survey. Findings indicate that while the scores of technical skills are in favor of male doctors, the scores of socio-psychological skills are favorable to female doctors. We also find that there Is a statistically significant relationship between the gender of respondents and the gender of doctors of their choice.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2015

In modern business organization, the most important strategic factor in maintaining competitive advantage in business is to manage and utilize human resources effectively, which has eventually increased workload and psychological pressure in organizations. And research show that increased workload and psychological pressure has produced various tensions in business organizations, and it appears that those tensions have increased the workplace aggressive behavior among employees. In various types of aggressive behavior, this study focuses on verbal aggression. The study also attempts to find out the relationships among verbal aggression, job involvement, and turnover intention among administrative workers in colleges from May 20 to May 26, 2015. Summary of the research result is as follows. First of all, the study shows that verbal aggression directly increases the employee turnover intention.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.1090-1094
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• 2017

The determinants of the public's nuclear power acceptance have received considerable attention as decisive factors regarding nuclear power policy. However, the contingency of the relative importance of different determinants has been less explored. Building on the literature of psychological distance between the individual and the object, the present study demonstrates that the relative effects of different types of perceived risks regarding nuclear power generation differ across acceptance targets. Using a sample of Korea, our results show that, regarding national acceptance of nuclear power generation, perceived risk from nuclear power plants exerts a stronger negative effect than that from radioactive waste management; however, the latter exerts a stronger negative effect than the former on local acceptance of a nuclear power plant. This finding provides implications for efficient public communication strategy to raise nuclear power acceptance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.684-688
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• 2021

The article highlights the features of professional activity teacher on the basis of tolerance, the content and types of this phenomenon are stated, the value bases of education of tolerance in students are substantiated, psychological, culturological and communicative aspects of pedagogical tolerance of the teacher are considered. Methodical recommendations on self-training of the teacher, tolerant interaction with subjects of educational process are included.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2013

Since American Airlines's mileage program emerged in market, loyalty programs have gained popularity. Many companies have generated many kinds of reward cards in order to induce precious consumers. As a result, reward cards are very important in consumer goods market and become diversified. In spite of its importance, little is known about how these cards influence consumer's perception. The prior research has not focused on reward card types and psychological variables. Accordingly this research intends to investigate psychological variables such as transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. According to the theory of regulatory focus, promotion focus consumers would point to gain-nongain frame work, but prevention focus consumers would point to loss-nonloss frame work. The paper proved the effect of reward card types and regulatory focus on transaction coupling and sunk cost perception. Based on the results from 2(type of card : visible vs invisible) ${\times}$ 2(regulatory focus: promotion vs prevention) between-subjects factorial design experiments, we found that consumer's transaction coupling and sunk cost perception of visible reward card are better recognized than invisible reward card. In addition, the results show that there is a significant interaction effect between the type of reward card and regulatory focus. Specifically promotion focused consumers tend to reveal better perception than prevention focused consumers in use of invisible cards. However, prevention focused consumers tend to show better perception than promotion focused consumers in use of visible cards. These findings will contribute to significant academic development and practically useful help to marketing managers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 2008

Based on the result of extraction of common factors executed in order to elucidate the visual attributes of street scenery by types through the rotation of 23 adjective variables by Varimax, the visual attributes expressed after the construction of the facilities using street scenery were anylized to be 4 factors including factor 1 through factor 4. Theexplanation of the 4 factor groups to explain the entire distribution was 65.3% and these factor groups are the psychological attributes felt when using facilities are constructed by securing the street spaces in downtowns and the factors were named as naturalness(factor 1), locality(factor 2), identity(factor 3) and clarity(factor 4) respectively. Based on the result of one-way layout distribution analysis, the preferences for street scenery by types were found out to show considerable differences at 1 % significance level. Based on the result of multiple regression analysis, all of the factors explaining preferences including factor 1 through factor 4 were significant at 1 % significance level. In case other conditions are constant, if the values of the adjective variables related to locality(factor 2) increase by 1 unit, the preferences which are the values of dependent variables will increase by 0.709. The variable with the largest relative contribution among the 4 factor groups was the locality(factor 2) factor group and on the contrary, it was found that the independent variable with least influences was the clarity(factor 4) factor group.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.87-100
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to explore audience perceptions of and responses to broadcasting deliberation and analyze their characteristics. The study employed factor and cluster analyses to categorize audience perceptions of broadcasting deliberation, resulting in the identification of six types of preferences: strict standards applied to positive deliberation etc. The results indicate that audiences, which can be categorized into three types, are more likely to prefer positive deliberation over broadcasting codes. The ratio of civil compliance to a minimum standard of positive deliberation is higher than ratios involving the other standards that were included in the study. The study applied a range of theories, such as cognitive dissonance, inconsistency of perception and response, and psychological reactance, to examine and distinguish audience perceptions and responses. The study's findings provide valuable information for researchers and interested organizations and can help to lay a cornerstone for systematically classifying audience perceptions and needs in the future.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.283-293
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of psychological distances on the consumer attitudes related to new product advertising based on the construal level theory. In particular, this study intends to test the interaction effects among models' nationalities, the newness of new products and message types on the Chinese consumer attitudes toward the advertisements or products. Perceived cultural distances were also considered to have moderating role on the interaction effects. The results indicated that the fits of psychological distances led more positive attitudes. Consumers showed more positive attitudes toward abstract(vs concrete) advertising with foreign models. In the domestic model advertising, consumer attitudes were enhanced when concrete(vs abstract) messages were provided. The findings also demonstrate that the influences could be different according to perceived cultural distances.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to distinguish and describe the types of perceptions of do not resuscitate (DNR) proxy decisions among families of elderly patients in a long-term care facility. Methods: This exploratory study applied Q-methodology, which focuses on individual subjectivity. Thirty-four Q-statements were selected from 130 Q-populations formed based on the results of in-depth interviews and literature reviews. The P-samples were 34 families of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital in Busan, Korea. They categorized the Q-statements using a 9-point scale. Using the PC-QUANL program, factor analysis was performed with the P-samples along an axis. Results: The families' perceptions of the DNR proxy decision were categorized into three types. Type I, rational acceptance, valued consensus among family members based on comprehensive support from medical staff. Type II, psychological burden, involved hesitance in making a DNR proxy decision because of negative emotions and psychological conflict. Type III, discreet decisions, valued the patients' right to self-determination and desire for a legitimate proxy decision. Type I included 18 participants, which was the most common type, and types II and III each included eight participants. Conclusion: Families' perceptions of DNR proxy decisions vary, requiring tailored care and intervention. We suggest developing and providing interventions that may psychologically support families.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.49-81
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• 2007

Research in the IS (Information Systems) outsourcing has focused on the importance of legal contracts and partnerships between vendors and clients. Without detailed legal contracts, there is no guarantee that an outsourcing vendor would not indulge in self-serving behavior. In addition, partnerships can supplement legal contracts in managing the relationship between clients and vendors legal contracts by itself cannot deal with all the complexity and ambiguity involved with IS outsourcing relationships. In this paper, we introduce a psychological contract (between client and vendor) as an important variable for IS outsourcing success. A psychological contract refers to individual's mental beliefs about his or her mutual obligations in a contractual relationship (Rousseau, 1995). A psychological contract emerges when one party believes that a promise of future returns has been made, a contribution has been given, and thus, an obligation has been created to provide future benefits (Rousseau, 1989). An employmentpsychological contract, which is a widespread concept in psychology, refers to employer and employee expectations of the employment relationship, i.e. mutual obligations, values, expectations and aspirations that operate over and above the formal contract of employment (Smithson and Lewis, 2003). Similar to the psychological contract between an employer and employee, IS outsourcing involves a contract and a set of mutual obligations between client and vendor (Ho et al., 2003). Given the lack of prior research on psychological contracts in the IS outsourcing context, we extend such studies and give insights through investigating the role of psychological contracts between client and vendor. Psychological contract theory offers highly relevant and sound theoretical lens for studying IS outsourcing management because of its six distinctive principles: (1) it focuses on mutual (rather than one-sided) obligations between contractual parties, (2) it's more comprehensive than the concept of legal contract, (3) it's an individual-level construct, (4) it changes over time, (5) it affects organizational behaviors, and (6) it's susceptible to organizational factors (Koh et al., 2004; Rousseau, 1996; Coyle-Shapiro, 2000). The aim of this paper is to put the concept, psychological contract commitment (PCC), under the spotlight, by finding out its mediating effects between legal contracts/partnerships and IS outsourcing success. Our interest is in the psychological contract commitment (PCC) or commitment to psychological contracts, which is the extent to which a partner consistently and deeply concerns with what the counter-party believes as obligations during the IS project. The basic premise for the hypothesized relationship between PCC and success is that for outsourcing success, client and vendor should continually commit to mutual obligations in which both parties believe, rather than to only explicit obligations. The psychological contract commitment playsa pivotal role in evaluating a counter-party because it reflects what one party really expects from the other. If one party consistently shows high commitment to psychological contracts, the other party would evaluate it positively. This will increase positive reciprocation efforts of the other party, thus leading to successful outsourcing outcomes (McNeeley and Meglino, 1994). We have used matched sample data for this research. We have collected three responses from each set of a client and a vendor firm: a project manager of the client firm, a project member from the vendor firm with whom the project manager cooperated, and an end-user of the client company who actually used the outsourced information systems. Special caution was given to the data collection process to avoid any bias in responses. We first sent three types of questionnaires (A, Band C) to each project manager of the client firm, asking him/her to answer the first type of questionnaires (A).