• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

A way to increase effectiveness of charitable donation ads is to activate or magnify emotional experiences (e.g., sympathy, empathy, psychological distress) among target audience. Past studies suggest that mental imagery and attention, which activate or magnify emotional experiences, can be influenced by verbal message attributes (i.e., message concreteness and valence) of charitable donation advertisements. Based on the previous research, the study built a conceptual framework for processing of charitable donation advertising: message concreteness and valence ${\rightarrow}$ mental imagery and attention ${\rightarrow}$ emotional experiences ${\rightarrow}$ donation intention. To verify the framework, the study investigated on the influence of message concreteness and valence on mental imagery and attention through assessing ERP responses. It also examined how message concreteness and valence have an effect on the intent to donate through measuring the amount of donation. The study revealed that concrete message activated mental imagery more than abstract message whereas negative message enhanced attentional level more than positive message. Compared to the other conditions, when the message was concrete and negative, the amount of donation was significantly large.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 1997

This study was designed to determine whether cognitive impairment was evident in patients with SLE. Also, it aimed to examine the association of cognitive impairment with other clinical variables. The subjects consisted of 20 patients with mildly active SLE and 20 healthy controls. Methods : A total of 20 SLE patients and 20 normal controls completed a computerized neuropsychological test battery using Vienna Test System. These included Cognitrone test, Continuous attention test, Corsi block tapping test, Standard progressive matrices. Also, neuro-behavioral cognitive status examination was done. The symptom severity of depression was measured with Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and current medications were documented. Disease activity was rated using the SLE diasease activity index (SLEDAI). Results : SLE patients had poorer performance than normal controls on the tests of Cognitrone, attention, nonverbal IQ and memory, independent of age, education, disease activity, steroid use and depression status. Conclusion : Cognitive dysfunction was not uncommon in ambulatory SLE patients as measured by standardized neuropsychological tests. It seemed to occur independently of various clinical variables. These findings would suggest that cognitive dysfunction in SLE may be explained by reflecting subclinical central nervous system(CNS) involvement, rather than coexisting psychological distress due to chronic illness or side effect of medication.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.224-252
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• 2010

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate tinnitus of Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ and Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$. Methods : We conducted a study on the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ containing the tinnitus and analysis of Yang, Ma, Zhang, Wang etc. We drew a parallel between tinnitus from Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ and matching diagnoses from western medicine. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$Tong Pyeong Heo Sil Ron <通評虛實論> was similar to the symptoms of diabetes mellitus complication and schizophreniform disorder in western medicine. 2. Liver fire tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ Yuk Won Jeong Gi Dae Ron <六元正紀大論> was similar to the symptoms of psychological distress in western medicine. 3. Phlegm fire tinnitus in Plain Questions $\ll$素問$\gg$ Ji Jin Yo Dae Ron <至眞要大論> was similar to the symptoms of meniere's disease and malfunction of autonomic nervous system in western medicine. 4. Blood deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Sa Gi Jang Bu Byeong Hyeong <邪氣藏府病形> was similar to the symptoms of anemia in western medicine. 5. Tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gyeong Geun <經筋> was similar to the myofacial pain syndrome of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masseter muscle in western medicine. 6. Gallbladder deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gwol Hyeong <厥病> was similar to the symptoms of otitis media and labyrinthitis in western medicine. 7. Kidney deficiency tinnitus in Miraculous Pivot $\ll$靈樞$\gg$ Gyeol Gi <決氣> and Hai Ron <海論> was similar to the symptoms of degenerative auditory organ in western medicine. 8. Tinnitus in Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ showed close relations with the symptoms of the wind character. Conclusion : We analyzed the original text paragraphs of Internal Classic $\ll$內經$\gg$ and explanations about tinnitus. Further studies are needed to compare oriental medicine and western medicine diagnoses to develop better treatments for tinnitus.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2015

Objectives : This study examined the characteristics and differences of PAI(Personality Assessment Inventory) profile between compensation-seeking(CS) and treatment-seeking(TS) patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI) and assessed the clinical meaning of the characteristics and differences of profiles between the two groups. Methods : 36 TBI patients who visited the Wonkwang University Hospital were selected. The patients were categorized as compensation-seeking TBI patients(n=22) and treatment-seeking TBI patients(n=14). The PAI scales and subscales were used to compare differences between two groups. t-verification for each variable and comparison analysis were performed. Results:In validity scales, CS group showed significantly higher NIM scores and lower PIM scores than TS groups. In full scales, CS group showed significantly higher SOM, ANX, ARD, DEP, and SCZ scores than TS group. In subscales, CS group showed significantly higher SOM-S, ANX-A, ARD-P, DEP(-C, A, P), (MAN-I), PAR-H, SCZ(-T, P), BOR(-A, N), and ANT-S scores than TS groups. In supplementary scales, CS group showed significantly higher SUI, NON and AGG-P, and lower RXR scores than TS group. Conclusions:There were significant differences in PAI scales with validity scales, some full and subscales according to compensation seeking status in TBI patients. The CS patients tended to exaggerate their symptoms on PAI, and showed higher scores representing somatic preoccupation and emotional distress. These results show the usefulness of PAI in reflecting the significant psychological differences between two groups.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

For hospice palliative care that provides comprehensive and general care, it is necessary to use assessment tools to objectively list issues and detail care plans. The initial assessment is a process of establishing an overall direction of care by identifying the patient's symptoms, social and spiritual issues and palliative care needs on the admission day or within one day of admission. This process is also used to identify the patients' and families' awareness of the illness, prognosis, treatment options and if the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) has been drafted. Consisting of 13 simple questions regarding the physical, mental, social, and spiritual domains, the Needs at the End-of-Life Screening Tool (NEST) is recommended as an initial assessment tool. Using specific assessment tools, a care plan is established for the issues identified in the initial assessment within three days of admission. A multidisciplinary assessment tool can be helpful in the physical domain. The psychosocial domain evaluates psychological distress, anxiety and depression. The social domain examines an ability to make decisions, understanding of the socioeconomic circumstance, family relationship, and death preparedness. A spiritual evaluation is also important, for which the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual WellBeing Scale (FACIT-Sp) or the Spiritual Health Inventory (SHI) can be used. The use of an assessment tool could not only contribute to pain mitigation a better quality of life for patients, but also provide systematic training for a multidisciplinary team; And the process itself could be a stepping stone for the better care provision.

• 한국노년학
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1179-1200
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• 2008

Knowledge about somatization (somatic manifestation of psychological distress symptoms) among immigrant populations is limited. While several studies have recognized somatization as a culturally distinctive expression of depression amongst older Korean immigrant population, somatization has not been incorporated into the comprehensive empirical model for depression of this population. In order to improve our general understanding of the phenomenon, the objective of this study is to empirically investigate principal contributing factors of somatization as well as inter-relationships among them. Data were collected from a cross-sectional community survey of 234 older Korean immigrants ($$age{\geq_-}55$$) in the New York metropolitan area. The statistical methodology employed a robust hierarchical regression procedure that iteratively downweights outliers. The results indicated that living arrangement, greater numbers of physical illnesses, and depression were significant explanatory factors of somatization. Furthermore, physical illness had a significant joint effect with perception of health on somatization, which confirms that positive perception of health exerts a moderating effect on the relationship between physical illness and somatization. The knowledge obtained from this study will contribute toward extending our knowledge on somatization and implementing more culturally sensitive mental health services for this population.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.217-227
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• 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the changes of the heart rate, hand function, and health related quality of life of the people with intellectual disability through the increase of the auditory stimulation. The subjects were 16 people with intellectual disability. The increase of the auditory stimulation was modulated through the music sound and the intensity was consisted of 60dB, 65dB and 70dB. The wist heart rate and blood pressure monitor was used to measure the heart rate during the application of the auditory stimulation increase. The hand function of right and left hand was measured by the Purdue pegboard. Health related of quality of life was measured by the short form-8 health survey. As the results, the increase of the heart rate was showed by the increase of the auditory stimulation and the decrease of the hand function and health related quality of life was showed. For these, the increase of the auditory stimulation acts as a psychological distress, thereby the increase of the heart rate and the reduction of the hand function and health relate quality of life showed. Thus, to decrease of the heart rate and increase the hand function and the health related quality of life of the people with intellectual disability, the intensity of the auditory stimulation should be considered in the environmental stimulation.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.273-298
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore a risk and a protective factors of adolescent runaway based on the previous researches. Runaway of adolescents is increasing, and it is longer and more habit gradually than past. The prevailance methods of runaway is no longer effects on the decrease of adolescent runaway. Now there is to accept adolescent runaway, and has to support the difficult life conditions and the emotional distress of adolescent post-runaway. This means that must be identify and treatment the protective factors having an buffering effect as well as the risk factors influencing on runaway. Although the worse factors related family are the highest risk factors of runaway, others factors including negative peer relation, a academic stress also an have significant influence on runaway. And the protective factors mediating the negative influence of risk factors are an monitoring and controlling of parent as authoritative rearing attitude, a social support, a positive coping strategies, a self-esteem, and a conventional peer group. Protective factors prevent from runaway behavior, as well as improve a resilience of adolescents in the poor environment. The tasks of follow study are to investigate empirically the mediating effects of the protective factors on the problem behavior of post-runaway and resilience of runaway adolescents based on the systematic research design.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.103-121
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• 1995

An investigation on psychophysiological health and social well-being of shift workers been carried out on workers of a automobile manufacturing plant in Ulsan, for 1 month from April, 1993. This cross-sectional survey compared shift workers(n=544) with day workers(n=115). Each subject completed a questionnaire about his personal habit, background, shift schedule, sleep and eating patterns, subjective digestive symptom and psychological well-being and distress using the General Well-Being Schedule(GWB) by self administrated questionnaire that was developed for the U.S. Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (HANES I). Chi-square analysis was used for discontinuous data and the t-test was used for continous data to determine whether differences noted between the two groups. In terms of sleep quality, a greater percentage of shift workers frequently had trouble getting back to sleep once awakend(p<0.01), and a greater percentage of shift workers awakend tired or sleepy frequently more often than day workers(p<0.05). In rating the quality of their sleep, more shift workers rated their sleep fair to poor than day workers, and greater percentage of shift workers felt tired or sleepy at work two or more times per week(p<0.01) and a much higher percentage of shift workers felt tired or sleepy after work every days(p<0.01). In terms of sleep patterns, a much higher percentage of day workers reported uninterrupted sleep per 24hours than shift workers. The shift workers reported different eating patterns from day workers but there were no statistically significant and rate of their appetite. Thirteen percent of day workers reported the best appetite but only 6.6% of shift workers had the best appetite. The gastric complaints is more frequent in shift workers than day workers(p<0.01). Among subscores in General Well-Being Schedule, anxiety, depression, positive well-being and vitality subscale of shift workers were lower than those of day workers(p<0.05) and general health and self control subscale of shift workers were lower than .those of day workers but there were no statistical significant difference. Based on these study result, it could be concluded that the shift work has significant effects on some psychophysiological conditions of the workers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 1992

Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Preschool children's pain perception related to painful procedures can increase due to elevated anxiety and fear because they do not have understanding logical of their disease and hospitalization. In particular, they are distressed about needle - related procedures which are feared because they are seen to be a cause of bodily damage. This descriptive study attempted to identify pain perception levels in preschool children and their mothers. A self-reporting measurement and behavioral observation were used to collect the data. A total of 25 hospitalized preschool children and their mothers were investigated and data were collected about 60 painful procedures. Data collection was carried out by the researcher and two trained investigators from November first to December tenth. Three insruments were used to collect the data : Faces Pain Rating Scale(FPRS) developed by Beyer was used to measure the degree of preschool children's pain perception about painful procedures. The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) devised by Huskisson was used to assess the degree of mothers' pain perception about their children's painful procedures. A Pain Behavioral Checklist based on the Procedure Behavior Check List by LeBaron and Zelter and modified by the researcher was used to observe behaviors of preschool children, their mothers, and nurses when the painful procedures took place. The data were analyzed by an SPSS program, and were tested using real numbers, percentages, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Of all the painful procedures, the mean score for the FPRS for the preschool children's pain perception was 4.02 points, and the mean score for the VAS of mothers' pain perception was 10.92 points. 2. A Positive correlation which was statistically significant was found between the pain perception of preschool children and their mothers (r＝.53, p＜.01). that is, the higher the children's pain perception was, the higher their mothers' pain perception was. 3. The characteristics of the painful procedures related with children's pain perception as follows : The type of painful procedure was found to be statistically significant (F＝23.44, p＜.01), Among the three procedures Ⅳ starting was found to be perceived as the most painful procedures to the children. The greater the number of times that the procedure had been done, the higher the pain perception was (F＝4.44, p＜.01), and the longer the duration of the procedure, the higher the pain perception wa(r＝.30, p＜.05). Pain perception in the treatment room was higher than in the children's room(t＝6.30, ＜.01), pain perception in the mother's presence was the higher than when the mother was not present (t＝2.91, p＜.01). 4. The characteristics of the painful procedures related with the mothers' pain perception as follows : The type of painful procedure was found to be statistically significant(F＝6.01, p＜.01). Among the three procedures Ⅳ sampling was found to be perceived as the most painful procedures to the mothers. The greater the number of times that the procedure had been done, the higher the pain perception was (F＝5.95, p＜.01), and the longer the duration of the procedure, the higher the pain perception was (r＝.31, p＜.05). Pain perception in the treatment room was higher than in the children's room (t＝3.51, p＜.01), but pain perception in the mother's presence showed statistically significant no difference. 5. Of all of the 19 children's behaviors during the painful procedures, the most frequent behaviors observed Were as follows in order of frequency “crying”, “screamirig”, “facial grimacing”, “physical resistance”, Of all of the nine methers' behaviors, the most frequent by observed in “console children”, “hold children”, “applaud children”, Of all of the 11 nurses' behaviors during the painful procedures, the mast frequent in order were “smiling”, “physical restraint”, “console children”, “praise children”. 6. A positive correlation between children's and mothers' pain perception and children's behaviors was found to be statistically significant (r＝.65, p＜.01, r＝67, p＜.01). Also the relationship between children's and mothers' pain percertion, and mothers' behavior was found to be statistically significant (r＝.57, p＜. 01, 4＝.60, p＜.01). The relationship between children's pain perception and nurses' behaviors was also found to be statistically significant (r＝.46, p＜.01), but there was difference between mothers' pain perception and nurses' behaviors.