• Title/Summary/Keyword: psychiatric disorders

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Diabetes and depression

  • Jeon, Eon-Ju
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2018
  • Diabetes and depression are serious chronic conditions. As a result of their increasing prevalence, diabetes and depression, together with population growth and aging, are public health issues. The rate of depression in adults with either type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes is high relative to the general population. The coexistence of diabetes and depression has attracted much interest. Although it is unclear whether diabetes and depression are causally linked, most studies have shown that the association between diabetes and depression might be bidirectional. Currently, emotional well-being is becoming an increasingly important aspect of diabetes care and self-management. Psychiatric disorders and diabetic distress among people with diabetes may increase the risk of diabetes complication and mortality. Thus, assessment and appropriate management of depression in people with diabetes should be considered to achieve psychological well-being and optimize medical outcomes.

COVID-19 and Sleep (코로나바이러스감염증-19와 수면)

  • Jaegong, Cyn
    • Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2022
  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still a serious public health problem. COVID-19 causes various symptoms not only in the respiratory system but also in various parts of the body and has a significant effect on sleep. Insomnia and poor sleep quality were observed at high rates in patients with COVID-19 as well as in the uninfected general population. Obstructive sleep apnea is also considered a risk factor in patients with severe COVID-19. Virus-induced central nervous system damage is likely to be the cause of many sleep disorders in COVID-19, but psychosocial influences also seem to have played a significant role. Sleep problems persisted at high rates for a considerable period after the infection phase was over. More attention and research on the effect of COVID-19 on sleep is needed in the future.

Psychological Aspects of Child Maltreatment

  • Ahn, Yebin D.;Jang, Soomin;Shin, Jiyoon;Kim, Jae-Won
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.65 no.3
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    • pp.408-414
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    • 2022
  • In this review, we provide information about the etiology, risk factors, and clinical presentations of maltreatment to help clinicians better understand child abuse and neglect. Child maltreatment is a major global health challenge that can result in severe consequences. Abused and neglected children are likely to develop psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Understanding child maltreatment is expected to prevent and reduce victimization in children, adolescents, and their families.

Clinical Use of Virtual Reality in Addiction (중독 질환에서 가상현실기술 적용의 임상적 유용성)

  • Lee, Jung-Young;Jung, Duk Hwan;Choi, Jung-Seok
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Addiction Psychiatry
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.17-22
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    • 2014
  • Virtual reality (VR) provides an immersive and interactive 3-dimensional system, which allows an individual to become immersed in a computer-generated situation. VR technology has been administered in the exposure-based treatment of a variety of psychiatric disorders, including acrophobia, fear of flight, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, VR systems have also been developed for the use of research and treatment in addiction. They might have advantages in cue exposure therapy, by increasing the salience of cues, as well as assessments of cue reactivity in addiction. This article summarizes the application of VR in the field of psychiatry. More importantly, it suggests the possibilities of clinical use of VR technology, in the treatment of addiction.

Present Conditions of Mental Health Care in Rural Areas: Community Mental Health Program of Public Health Center (농촌지역 정신보건관리실태: 보건소 지역사회정신보건사업)

  • Lee, Weon-Young;Kim, Dong-Moon
    • Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 2003
  • Objectives: This paper introduces need and supply level of rural mental health care service and especially focuses on the evaluation for the community mental health programs of Public Health Centers(PHCs) in rural areas as the facilities for primary mental health care. Methods: We defined the need as prevalance rate and service utilization rate, for which reviewed the results of the epidemiological study of mental disorders using Korean Composite International Diagnostic Interview surveyed on a nationwide scale in 2001. Supply was appraised in terms of psychiatric beds and primary mental heath care facilities such as private psychiatric clinics, facilities for social rehabilitation, PHCs running community mental health programs. For this, we reveiwed a variety of annual reports related mental health published by Ministry of Health and Welfare. To evaluate the community mental health programs of PHCs in rural areas, we selected. randomly samples out of the 3rd community health plans including the contents of community mental health programs, which submitted by 89 rural counties and 44 cities mixed with rural areas, and used the program's guideline established by central government as a standard. Results: Prevalence rates of major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, alcoholism, major depression, anxiety disorder were higher in rural area than in urban area and 8.9% of psychiatric patients in both areas stayed at homes contacted with mental health manpower more than one time during the last year. Psychiatric beds were sufficiently supplied, but urban area had less beds than rural area contrary to general health care service. Psychiatric clinics were supplied very insufficiently in rural areas and PHCs bridged the gap instead. However rural PHCs got less financial support for community mental health programs from higher positioned agencies than urban PHCs. Rural community health programs not supported hardly worked out. Conclusions: Central government should consider a special policy for rural primary mental health care, because private psychiatric clinics can't be introduced in rural areas due to demand-deficiency and the financial independence of rural counties was very vulnerable.

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DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHIATRICALLY REFERRED CHILDREN WITH INATTENTION OR HYPERACTIVITY (주의산만 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동을 주소로 소아정신과를 방문한 아동의 진단적 분류와 평가)

  • Hong, Kang-E;Kim, Jong-Heun;Shin, Min-Sup;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.190-202
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    • 1996
  • This study assessed psychiatrically referred 5-to 13-year-old children who presented inattention or hyperactivity as chief complaints. Demographic characteristics, primary diagnosis, and comorbid psychiatric conditions of them were identified, and they were assessed using questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. Primary diagnoses included ADHD, anxiety disorder, mental retardation, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, developmental language disorder and others. functional enuresis, conduct disorder, and developmental language disorder were among the secondarily diagnosed disorders. In patients diagnosed as ADHD, overall comorbidity rate was 55.3%. The disorders that frequently co-occured with ADHD were specific developmental disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety disorder and other. ADHD groups with or without comorbidity differed in performance IQ and CPT scores. ADHD group differed from externalizing disorders group in the information subscore of IQ, MFFT, and CPT scores, and differed in teachers rating scales, the uncommunication factor of CBCL, and CPT card error compared with internalizing disorders group. The authors concluded that inattentive or hyperactive children should be assessed using various instruments to differentiate other disorders and to identify possible presence of comorbid conditions.

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Attitudes and Opinions toward Psychiatry of Students and Professionals for Social Welfare : A Preliminary Study (사회복지학 전공자의 정신과에 대한 인식과 태도 : 예비적 연구)

  • Ryu, Seuk-Hwan;Kim, Jung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.41-48
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    • 2005
  • Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes and opinions toward psychiatry of students and professionals for social welfare. Methods : 67 students and 34 social workers joined to this study completed the attitudes and opinions scale and the quality of life scale successfully. Results : On the attitude scale, in factor 'overall merits of field of psychiatry' and factor 'possible abuses and social criticisms', and factor 'career and personal rewards', the social workers have more positive attitude than other group, in factor 'role definition and functioning of psychiatrists', the female sex have more positive attitude than the other sex. It showed significant correlation between activity factor in quality of life scale and possible abuses and social criticisms in attitude scale. Conclusion : The contact with patients with psychiatric disorders will have a good impact on the personal attitude toward patients. It is important that the students for social welfare would receive appropriate psychiatric education program.

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The Introduction and Clinical Applications of Nuerofeedback (Neurofeedback의 이해와 임상적용)

  • Park, Hyung-Bae;Sung, Hyung-Mo
    • Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.8-17
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    • 2006
  • Neurofeedback, also known as EEG biofeedback or neurotherapy, is a new therapy differentiated from biofeedback in that brain waves are monitored to study brain itself as well as its functions. Needless to say, it has originated from biofeedback, however it has established itself as an independent and specialized therapy in the field of neurotherapy. In order to have a better understanding of neurofeedback we are going to have a look into its historical and theoretical background first and then we will explain how it can be used clinically. Neurofeedback was clinically introduced for epilepsy for the first time and its effect was proved. Since then it has been used successfully for a number of psychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD), anxiety, anxiety and mood disorder, sleep disorder, substance dependency, etc. Furthermore, it has been used for non-psychiatric or psychosomatic symptoms, such as headache, chronic pains, chronic fatigue symptoms, etc. Recently, it has been also used for non-medical areas, such as improvement of peak performance for sports and art activities, enhancement of cognitive function, etc, making the neurofeedback a very promising field for its potential and effectiveness.

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Berberine alleviates symptoms of anxiety by enhancing dopamine expression in rats with post-traumatic stress disorder

  • Lee, Bombi;Shim, Insop;Lee, Hyejung;Hahm, Dae-Hyun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.183-192
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    • 2018
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma-induced psychiatric disorder characterized by impaired fear extermination, hyperarousal, anxiety, depression, and amnesic symptoms that may involve the release of monoamines in the fear circuit. The present study measured several anxiety-related behavioral responses to examine the effects of berberine (BER) on symptoms of anxiety in rats after single prolonged stress (SPS) exposure, and to determine if BER reversed the dopamine (DA) dysfunction. Rats received BER (10, 20, or 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily) for 14 days after SPS exposure. BER administration significantly increased the time spent in the open arms and reduced grooming behavior during the elevated plus maze test, and increased the time spent in the central zone and the number of central zone crossings in the open field test. BER restored neurochemical abnormalities and the SPS-induced decrease in DA tissue levels in the hippocampus and striatum. The increased DA concentration during BER treatment may partly be attributed to mRNA expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and the DA transporter in the hippocampus, while BER exerted no significant effects on vesicular monoamine transporter mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. These results suggest that BER had anxiolytic-like effects on behavioral and biochemical measures associated with anxiety. These findings support a role for reduced anxiety altered DAergic transmission and reduced anxiety in rats with PTSD. Thus, BER may be a useful agent to treat or alleviate psychiatric disorders like those observed in patients with PTSD.

The Mediating Effect of Internalized Stigma on the Relationship between Hospitalization Stress and Quality of Life among Patients with Mental Illness in a Closed Ward (안정병동에 입원한 정신질환자의 입원스트레스와 삶의 질의 관계에서 내재화된 낙인의 매개 효과)

  • Joung, Jaewon;Jang, Mi Young;Shin, Sung Hee
    • Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.70-80
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to explore the mediating effects of internalized stigma on the relationship between hospitalization stress and quality of life among patients with mental illness in closed wards. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed. The participants were 141 hospitalized patients with mental illness in the closed wards of K university hospital and Y psychiatric hospital in Korea. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires including hospitalization stress, internalized stigma and quality of life. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs and the mediating effects were examined by the method suggested by Baron and Kenny. Results: There was a significant correlation between hospitalization stress, internalized stigma and quality of life of psychiatric patients. In addition, internalized stigma was found to have a partial mediating effect on the relationship between hospitalization stress and quality of life. Conclusion: The results suggest that the internalized stigma plays an important role in improving the quality of life of the people with mental illness in a closed unit. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a program focusing on internalized stigma for improving the quality of life in hospitalized patients in a closed unit.