• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.83-93
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• 2006

In unsaturated porous media, the air-water interface (AWI) plays an important role in removing of biocolloids such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoan (oo)cysts. In this study, four models related to calculation of specific AWI area are analyzed to determine the appropriate model, and the selected models are verified using the previously reported experimental data. The results indicate that the modified model from Niemet et al. (2002) is the most appropriate tool for calculating the specific AWI area using the van Genuchten (1980) parameters obtained from the water retention curve. Hence, it is expected that this model could be used to quantitatively determine the attachment of biocolloids to AWI in the transport modeling of biocolloids in unsaturated porous media.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1982

P. carinii is a protozoan which induces an often fatal pneumonitis in a variety of compromised patients. The ultrastructure of P. carinii was studied in a male infant with pneumocystitis pneumonia associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Four principal structural varieties-small trophozoites, large trophozoites, mature cyst and empty cyst were identified. The ultrastructure of these organisms was similar to the cases previously reported. Relevance of the morphologic findings to the functional aspect were discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.294-300
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• 2007

The mammalian glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor consists of three mannoses attached to acylated GlcN-(acyl)PI to form $Man_3$-GlcN-(acyl)PI. The first of the three mannose groups is attached to an intermediate to generate Man-GlcN-(acyl)PI by the first mannosyltransferase (GPI-MT-I). Mammalian and protozoan GPI-MT-I have different substrate specificities. PIG-M encodes the mammalial GPI-MT-I which has 423 amino acids and multiple transmembrane domains. In this work we cloned PIG-M homologues from humans, Plasmodium falciparum (PfPIG-M), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (GPI14), to test whether they could complement GPI-MT-I-deficient mammalian cells, since this biosynthetic step is likely to be a good target for selective screening of inhibitors against many pathogenic organisms. PfPIG-M partially restored cell surface expression of the GPI-anchored protein CD59 in PIG-M deficient mammalian cells, and first mannose transfer activity in vitro; however, this was not the case for GPI14.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.360-362
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• 2006

Cyclospora cayetanensis is an agent of emerging infectious disease, and a recognized cause of diarrhea in some patients. Also, the flagellated protozoan, Giardia intestinalis, induces a diarrheal illness of the small intestine. Cases of cyclosporiasis are frequently missed, primarily due to the fact that the parasite can be quite difficult to detect in human fecal samples, despite an increasing amount of data regarding this parasite. On the other hand, G. intestinalis can be readily recognized via the microscopic visualization of its trophozoite or cyst forms in stained preparations or unstained wet mounts. In this report, we describe an uncommon case of co-infection with G. intestinalis and C. cayetanensis in an immunocompetent patient with prolonged diarrhea, living in a non-tropical region of Turkey.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.76-78
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• 2001

먹는 물에 존재하는 크립토스포리디움 및 지아디아등 기존의 표준 정수처리 공정에 의해 제거가 용이치 않은 원생동물 둥을 채집할 수 있는 미생물 검출 캡슐을 개발하였다. 본 장치의 여과필터는 고분자물질을 소재로 한 중공사 형태(Hollow Fiber Membrane)로 유효여과면적을 크게하였고, Pore size는 0.1㎛이다. 채집캡슐은 탁도에 따른 투과수량은 일차의 상관관계를 나타내며, 시간당 20ℓ를 투과시킬 때 탁도 7.0 NTU까지 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 일차 시제품은 89.6-94.6%의 크립토스포리디움 및 72.6-78.6%의 지아디아 포낭을 회수하였고, 이차 시제품은 92.5-93.7%의 크립토스포리디움 및 81.3-88.2%의 지아디아 포낭을 회수하는 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 조건에서 외국제품은 84.0%의 크립토스포리디움 및 66.7%의 지아디아 포낭을 회수하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.21-23
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• 2006

As part of a program to discover bioactive natural products from marine organisms, two new enantiomers, ent-3,6-Epidioxy-4,6,8,10-tetraethyltetradeca-7,11-dienoic acid and ent-[3,5-Diethyl-5-(2-ethyl-hex-3-enyl)-5H-furan-2-ylidene]-acetic acid methyl ether, were isolated from a sponge Plakortis sp. These compounds showed strong in vitro antiproliferative effects on promastigotes of Leishmania mexicania, flagellate protozoan that causes leishmaniasis. Structures were assumed by interpretation of NMR spectroscopic data and optical rotation. Both compounds exhibited significant antileishmanial activities in vitro with $IC_{50}$ of 1.0-23.0 ${\mu}g/ml$.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.218-223
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• 1999

Legionella pneumophila, the cause of Legionnaires disease, is able to survive intracellularly in eukaryotic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and protozoan organisms. During protein biosynthesis, the rph gene encodes ribonuclease (RNase) PH which functions as a phosphorolytic nuclease that removes nucleotides following the CCA terminus of tRNA and as a nucleotidyl-transferase which adds nucleotides to the ends of RNA molecules by usingnucelside diohosphates as substrates. In this sutdy, the rph gene was screened in pUC19 library employing a DNA probe which was constructed from PCR based on a consensus pattern of multiple alignment of RNas PH. The encoded protein consists of 235 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 26,112 Daltons. The RNase PH signature domains are completely conserved.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.267-271
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• 2007

Theileria annulata, a protozoan parasite of cattle and domestic buffaloes, is transmitted by ticks of the genus Hyalomma, and causes a disease named Mediterranean or tropical theileriosis. In this research 50 cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata were treated with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala. The treatment was continued for 5 days, the dose of the extract being 5 mg/kg per day. After the treatment, 39 cattle responded to the treatment and recovered, but 11 did not respond to the treatment and died. The recovery rate of animals treated with the extract of the plant Peganum harmala was 78%.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.84-87
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• 2019

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry is widely employed in proteomics studies. One of such instruments is the Liquid Chromatography (LC)-Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI)-Time of flight (TOF) or LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. In this study, this instrument was used to identify the membrane proteins of a protozoan parasite namely Entamoeba histolytica. It causes amoebiasis in human. The E. histolytica trophozoites were cultured prior to the membrane protein extraction using the conventional method, $ProteoPrep^{(R)}$ and $ProteoExtract^{(R)}$ kits. Then, the membrane protein extracts were trypticdigested and analysed by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF. Approximately, 194 proteins were identified and 27.8% (54) were predicted as membrane proteins having 1 to 15 transmembrane regions and signal peptides by combining all three extraction methods. Also, this study has discovered 3 unique proteins as compared to our previous study which merit further investigation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.297-318
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• 2021

Coccidiosis is a major parasitic disease in the poultry industry, with great economic implications worldwide. It is a ubiquitous protozoan infection caused by several species of the genus Eimeria (host-specific) that colonize and reproduce in the intestine of birds, ultimately altering the health and performance of the flock. At present, several methods are used to diagnose coccidiosis in poultry, including field and laboratory techniques (intestinal lesion scoring, oocyst counting in feces, and biochemical and molecular diagnosis). Traditionally, diagnosed flocks have been treated either by vaccination to improve the active immunity of the birds against coccidiosis or supplementation of prophylactic anticoccidials to ameliorate the deleterious effects of coccidiosis. However, these methods has certain drawbacks such as vaccine-induced coccidiosis, drug resistance, and residual drug accumulation in the host. Consequently, alternative safe anti-coccidial agents, including the use of phytogenic compounds, have been explored for preventing coccidiosis. Here, we provide a simple overview of the literature on poultry coccidiosis by focusing on the etiology, diagnostic practices, and preventive measures.