• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1973

I. Subject of the Study: Studies on the economical nutrition supplement of cereal foods for the improvement in our notional eating habits. II. Purpose and Importance of the Study: 1. Our nation is confronted with the situation that the rice, a principal food, short of some essential amino acids, lysine and threonine, leads to imbalanced meals insufficient in the nutrient of protein, to bring many difficulties in the elevation of our national physique. 2. The shortage of even the rice imperfect in the nutrient of protein makes the import of lots of foreign rice inevitable. It is considered that the protein supplement and decrease in the consumption amount, of rice, is a serious key to the solution of our food difficulty, and then a way of the proetin supplement of rice through the addition of essential amino acid is to be rarely applied in the view of the our present finance and situation. 3. In the present experiment, therefore, it aims to the suggestion of an aspect of the improvement in our national eating habits guiding in the nutrition elevation which our nation can afford economically through the development of first, a way of the protein supplement by the mixture of cereals producted plentifully in our country, and second, a way of the decrease in the consumption amount and the improvement in the nutrition of rice through the substitution of the other cereals for rice. III. Contents of Scope of the Study: 1. Objects of the study: Objects of the study are the following three items; a) The nutrition supplement of rice through the mixture of cereals. Our nation makes mainly rice as a principal food, but practically many kinds of cereal are produced in our country. They contain different levels and qualities of each nutrient and they are different from one another in the kinds of essential amino acid consisting protein. For that reason, the mutual complement efficeincy of insufficient nutrients is observed through the mixture of cereals. b) The nutrition supplement of rice through the addition of superior protein sources to rice, a principal food. The development of rice as superior foods in the sense of nutrition is conducted through the risement in protein quality by the addition of protein sources in good quality, for example, fish flour (anchovy flour), egg powder, milk powder, and so on, and through the supplement of vitamins and minerals. c) The decrease in the consumption amount of rice through the substitution of the other cereals for rice, as a principal food. The compensation for the short amount of rice is made by the reduction in the consumption of rice through the discovery of a way of substitution of the other cereals for rice, as a principal food and of the settlement of problems in nutrition and finance subsequent to this. 2. Contents of the study: a) An ideal mixture-ratio of cereals is established for rats by feeding mixed foods(rice-barely or rice-wheat) containing 5%, 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% level of either barely or wheat. b) The nutritive value is determined in the whole subsititution of other foods for rice, and then, a way of the complement of over and under nutrients is devised. c) The ideal combination is investigated for rats through feeding mixed foods of main food, rice and supplement foods of protein sources, soy bean, fish flour, egg powder and milk Powder. d) According to results from the above three experiments, the concise functional test for men and the examination of economical property are made. 3. Scope of the study: a) The observation of the effect of each diet on the growth rate for rats. The growth rate of rats was observed for 15 groups of mixed foods of a main food, rice, and wheat flour, barley powder or soy bean powder, respectively, and 12 groups of wheat flour diets supplemented with $1{\sim}3%$ milk powder, and rice or wheat flour diets supplemented with 5% of milk powder, egg powder, fish flour or soy bean powder, respectively. b) The determination of food consumption. The food consumption was determined at weekly intervals for 27 kinds of diet described in a) item. c) The determination of food efficiency rate. The food efficiency rate for each diet was determined by calculation from the gained body weight and the food consumption amount at the same intervals described in b) item. d) The determination of protein efficiency rate. The protein efficiency rate for each diet was determined by calculation form gained body weight and the protein amount of the food consumption amount at the same intervals described c) item. e) The determination of the body component. The hematocrite and hemoglobin levels in the blood, total nitrogen in the serum, blood sugar, and lipids and glycogen in the liver were determined. f) The observation of nitrogen balance. As a means of the observation of nitrogen balance, the total nitrogen in the urine was determined. g) The analysis of economical property. The economical property was analyzed as the gained body weight to the amount equivalent to one won through the conversion of the food consumption amount into money. h) The functional test for men. The concise functional test for men was made in order to establish if the best diet for experimental animals can be applied to men. IV. Results of the Study: The national food product plan, nationwide nutritive enlightment and the improvement activities in our country eating habits, especially, mixed and powder food problems are to be significantly referred, and the following results must be applied. a) In the mixed foods of cereals, the mixed food of the rice-barley containing $5{\sim}15%$ level of barley is best in terms of nutrition. b) The addition of superior protein sources, egg, Bilk, soy bean, or fish, respectively to either rice or wheat flour makes a great risement in the nutritive value. c) The animal protein is more effective in the elevation of nutritive value of cereals. d) Rice takes the most nutritive operation and has the highest preference, among rice, wheat flour and barley. e) Wheat flour is more economical than rice in evaluation of the gained body weight to the regular money, and the addition of fish or soy bean is more economical than that of any other supplement food. But the above results are true of the range of nutrition and economical property. f) The study on the nutrition composition and barley will lead to the improvement in our national eating habits as mixed food of the rice-barley containing $5{\sim}15%$ level of barley is more nutritive. g) This study on the nutrition only for the growing animal can not be considered as a perfect and entire evaluation. Consequently, the perfect data for our national nutrition can be obtained from the experiment similar to this for the much longer period examining, in details, the growth rate, change of physical strength, mental and bodily change, average life span, and resistance ability to infectious diseases.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

Protein -surfactant interactions have been investigate by measuring ζ-potential of $\beta$-lactoglobulin-coated emulsion droplets and $\beta$-lactoglobulin in solution in the rpesenceof surfactant, with particular emphasis on the effect of protein heat treatment(7$0^{\circ}C$, 30min). When ionic surfactant (SDS or DATEM) is added to the protein solution, the ζ-potential of the mixture is found to increase with increasing surfactant concentration, indicating surfactant binding to the protein molecules. For heat-denatured protein,it has been observed that the ζ-potential tends to be lower than that of the native protein. The effect of surfactant on emulsions is rather complicated .With SDS, small amounts of surfactant addition induce a sharp increase in zeta potential arising from the specific interaction of surfactant with protein. With further surfacant addition, there is a gradual reductio in the ζ-potential, presumably caused by the displacement of adsorped protein (and protein-surfactant complex) from the emulsion droplet surfac by the excess of SDS molecules. At even higher surfactant concentrations, the measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of a surfactant measured zeta potential appears to increase slightly, possibly due to the formation of surfactant micellar structure at the oil droplet surface. This behaviour contrastswith the results of the corresponding systems containing the anionic emulsifier DATEM, in which the ζ-potential of the system is found to increase continuously with R, particularly at very low surfactant concentration. Overall, such behaviour is consisten with a combination of complexation and competitive displacement between surfactant and protein occurring at the oil-water interface. In addition, it has also been found that above the CMC, there is a time-dependent increase in the negative ζ-potential of emulsion droplets in solutions of SDS, possibly due to the solublization of oil droplets into surfactant micelles in the aqueous bulk phase.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.291-298
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• 2012

The antiobesity effect of the mixture of black garlic and Garsinia cambogia extracts (BGG) was investigated by measuring the Oil red O staining and the expressions of adipogenic genes during preadipocyte differentiation by real-time PCR in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BGG reduced contents of Oil red O dye in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. mRNA expression levels of SREBP1c, C/EBPa, aP2/FABP4, and $PPAR{\gamma}$ which are adipogenic transcription factor, in cells treated with BGG were also significantly down regulated. Also, the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in L6 cells was more increased by BGG. These results indicate that BGG seems to be more attractive compound for application of industry than individual extracts such as black garlic and Garsinia cambogia, considering it has two effects not only inhibit the preadipocyte differentiation but also activate the phosphorylation of AMPK unlike other two compound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1974

Wistar Strain male rats were divided into four different diet groups and the control group was fed on seven percent casein diet (C), the second with a mixture of 80% of rice and 20% of buckwheat (RW), the third with rice only (R), and the fourth with a mixture of rice and buckwheat of equal nitrogen level (RWS). Each diet group consisted of six rats was fed for three weeks by the adlibitum feeding method. The results of the experiment, i, e, the growth gain and change in the level of branch-amino acids in the plasma determined by the micro-bioassay method were as follows. 1. The group C showed the largest growth gain and the rest did in the order of RW group, R group, and RWS group. 2. It was shown that rats fed on diet of higher protein score tend to have higher level of free branch-amino acids in the plasma. 3. Thus, the protein score may be estimated based on the level of the free branch-amino acids in the plasma.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.20
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• pp.122-133
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• 1975

In recent years, farmers have substituted urea for ammonium sulfate as nitrogen fertilizer in their crop production. Since crops can not take urea itself directly as it is, we attempted to determine the amount of decomposition of urea in soil. It was observed that 25 percent of urea which had initially mixed with soil was decomposed in 10 days at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 80 percent in 2 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Therefore, it was considered that large amount of urea could be lost in cool season and cool areas. In the other experiment, ammonium sulfate, as a source of sulfur, was so mixed with urea that the ratio of sulfur to nitrogen would be 15 percent. Small amount of dolomite was also added to this mixture and the resulting fertilizer was applied on the rice plants. Eight percent of yield increase was obtained together with the increased protein content in brown rice.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 1972

Rice and other corns as well as potato were mixed, as indicated in the following table, and fed to the experimental animals for 14 weeks. It was observed that the 9th and 10th dietary groups, whose protein values were higher among the experimental groups, displayed the more ideal growth and development as compared with other groups, and that the mixing ratio in these groups was proved to be better nutritionally as judged from the serum protein levels. Ratio of food Mixture Control Standard diet : Group 1 rice 80% Barley 20% Group 2 rice 80% Wheat 20% Group 3 rice 100% Group 4 rice 80% millet 20% Group 5 rice 80% Potato 20% Group 6 rice 80% Barley 20% Group 7 rice 80% Potato 10% Barley 10% Group 8 rice 80% Barley 10% Potato 10% Group 9 rice 80% Soybean 10% Potato 10% Group 10 rice 80% Soybean 10% Barley 10%(wheat 10%)

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-56
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• 1990

The effects of six kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity (W.H.C) and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner and dried pollack meat paste were investigated and animal meat(pork, chicken and hare meat complex) The formulation of six kind of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphate such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, potassim pyrophosphate, sodium ultra-meta-phosphate, sodium-tetra-phosphate and monoglyceride at different mixture ratio Among the six kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 40%, sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra mata phosphate 10%, sodium ultra meta phosphate 10% was most effective on enchanging the W H. C, and protein solubility of hair tail, yellow tail runner dried pollack meat past and in case of pork, chicken and hare meat paste. Phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium polyphosphate 50%. sodium pyrophosphate 30%, sodium tetra meta phosphate 10%, potassium pyrophosphate 10%, was more effective them other phosphate complex, and thief optimum addition level was 0.5% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat and pork, chicken, hare meat complex past meat product) were evaluted as best when 0.5% of Phosphate B complex was added The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 20 minutes at 12$0^{\circ}C$.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.519-527
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• 1996

To examine the possibility of biomonitoring of heavy metal removal ability and soil, a study was performed to investigate the heavy metal removal ability and metal-binding protein (MBP) as detoxification process using Oenanthe stolonifera. After O. stolonifera was exposed to individuals (cadmium, zinc) and mixture (cadmium+zinc)for 4 days, removal rate of heavy metal and pH in the treatment medium was measured. MBP was assayed by means of ion exchange column chromatography. The exposure to mixture (Cd:76.8%, Zn:75%) rather than individuals (Cd:82.9%, Zn:90.4%) showed a synergism raising the toxic effect. Initial removal rate was different for each heavy metal : in case of exposure to cadmium it was over 60% on day 1, while for zinc it was 75~90% on day 4. Throughout the experimental period, pH value of treatment medium continuously decreased, since cortex in the roots may secret organic acid to adjust and prevent toxicity of metals. The existence or MBP in the 70~80 fraction and the presence of Zn-enzyme pool was ascertained with the column chromatography. This study demonstrated a possibility that heavy utilized as a biomarker of heavy metal pollution.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.260-263
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• 2000

Membranes are widely used to separate target solute molecules such as proteins on the basis of their size in cell broth mixture to minimize the loss of target compounds. In this study, membrane separation system using ultrafilters of MWCO 100 K and 50 K, was operated for concentration and purification of microbial transglutaminase. Fermentation broth containing MTGase was prefiltered by using pore size 1.6 and $0.7\;{\mu}m$ pre-filter made of cellulose fiber and $0.45\;{\mu}m$ microfilter made of cellulose acetate. The prefiltered solution was concentrated by 100 K and 50 K ultrafilter. The final enzyme concentration was 1.29 units/ml and enzyme specific activity was 0.2 units/mg protein. This specific activity were 3.7 times higher than that of initial cell broth mixture. Membrane separation process of microfiltration and ultrafiltration was proved to be very economic, energy efficient and effective separation method used to concentrate MTGase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2003

Cancer cachexia, characterized by weight loss and progressive tissue wasting, has been postulated to be mediated by cytokines. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Korean Traditional Medicine (KTM ; mokhyang, jisil, osooyu) mixture on food intake, blood cytokines level and blood nutrients status of the cachexia induced-mice. Thirty male Balb/c mice aged 6-8 weets were blocked into 3 groups that were Normal (no colon26 cells) Control (colon 26 cells) and KTM (colon26 cells + KTM extract mixture) group. In Control and KTM groups, murine adenocarcinoma colon 26 cells were injected subcutaneously to induce cachexia. KTM mice were given 200 ul KTM extract mixture (7%) per day. Half of each groups were sacrificed at the 14 th day to see serum cytokines & nutrients and the others were fed until almost of control group died to see life span. food intake and body weight were decreased significantly in cachexia induced groups. Tumor weight of KTM group was significantly lower than control group. Serum cytokines (IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$) level of cachexia induced groups were increased than those of normal group, and those of KTM group were significantly lower than the level of control group. Total serum protein and serum albumin were higher in KTM group than other groups. TG and fatty acid were lower in cachexia induced groups than normal group. HDL-cholesterol in serum was increased in KTM group. Effect of oral administration of KTM extract mixture on survival time of colon26 bearing mice showed extension of the life span. Overall, this study showed that KTM (mokhyang, jisil, osooyu) extract mixture inhibited the growth of cancer cell, changed the secretion of cytokines induced by colon26 adenocarcinoma in mice, and changed nutrition metabolism.