• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

The object of this experiment was to investigate the effect of mixture which consist of different seeding rates and species on dry matter yield and quality in Daejon area. The field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2005 at Chungnam National University in order to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality of different mixture. The experimental design includes three mixture types: Conventional mixtures, CM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 50% + tall fescue (Fawn)20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 20% + white clover(Regal) 10%}, red clover + mixtures, RM{orchardgrass(Potomac) 40% + tall fescue(Fawn) 20% + Kentucky bluegrass(Kenblue) 10% + red clover(Kenland) 30%) and Turf type grass + mixtures, TM {orchardgrass (Potomac) 50% + turf type grass (tall fescue, Millennium 20% + Kentucky bluegrass, Midnight 10% + perennial ryegrass, Palmer III 10%) + white clover(Regal) 10%}. The average DM yield for 2 years of red clover+mixture(11,656kg/ha) was higher than those of the other mixtures(p<0.05). The content of crude protein and dry manu digestibility were higher in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). but, the content of fibrous compounds like as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lower in red clover+mixture than in other mixtures(p<0.05). The crude protein dry matter(CPDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(2,832kg/ha) than in conventional mixture(2,372kg/ha) and turf type + mixture(2,266kg/ha)(p<0.05). The digestible dry matter (DDM) yield was higher in red clover + mixture(8,881 kg/ha) than in conventional mixture(8,255kg/ha) and turf type + mixture(7,314kg/ha)(p<0.05). In botanical composition at last cutting time in 2005, conventional mixture were maintained orchardgrass 45%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 5% and white clover 24%. Red clover + mixture were maintained orchardgrass 40%, tall fescue 22%, Kentucky bluegrass 4% and red clover 31%. turf type + mixture were orchardgrass 37%, tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8% and white clover 24%, respectively. As summary, DM yields and quality of mixture species and seeding rates were observed significant difference. The results of this experiment indicated that red clover + mixture was more effective in enhancing the DM yield and forage quality in Daejon area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2014

This experiment was carried out to order to determine the forage production and soil characteristics in mixtures of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and annual legumes at the riverbed. The IRG and hairy vetch mixture had the highest in fresh, dry matter (DM) as well as total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields among the forage mixtures. Further IRG and hairy vetch mixture had the highest in DM content. The crude protein (CP) content of IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest, Whereas non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and TDN contents were lower compared to other mixtures. The total nitrogen (TN) of IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest due to high nitrogen fixation in the riverbed soil. The IRG and rape mixture was the highest in organic matter (OM) of soil. Moreover, the available $P_2O_5$ of soil in IRG and crimson clover mixtures was higher compared to other mixtures. Further, the IRG and hairy vetch mixture was the highest in cation exchange capacity (CEC) content. Therefore IRG and hairy vetch mixture is more suitable in forage mixtures due to high forage production and protein as well as high soil CEC content at the riverbed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.306-313
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• 2010

To achieve color diversification of natural dyeing, color mixture dyeing with Indigo and Japanese pagoda tree is applied to wool and silk fabrics. After dyeing with Japanese pagoda tree extract solution of 5~25%(o.w.f.), the indigo dyeing was carried out up to four times. Alternatively after repeat dyeing with indigo one to seven times, the dyeing with Japanese pagoda tree extract solution was applied in 5 steps(5~25%). In color mixture dyeing, the dye uptake of wool fabrics appears higher than that of silk. The sequence of Japanese pagoda tree extract dyeing after Indigo dyeing was generally higher dye uptake compared with that of Indigo dyeing after Japanese pagoda tree extract dyeing. For wool and silk fabric, the pre-dyeing with Japanese pagoda tree solution was more effective for color diversification but the pre-dyeing with Indigo was more effective for the exhibition of intermediate color shade.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2008

To investigate the rheological properties of protein mixed gels mediated by microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), pork myofibrillar protein (MFP), sodium caseinate (SC) and their mixture (MS), the various gels were incubated at different temperatures for various times. Extracted MFP, SC and their mixture (MS, 1:1) were incubated at different temperatures ($4^{\circ}C$ vs $37^{\circ}C$) for various times (0, 0.5, 2, 4 hr), and assessed for viscosity, gel strength and other characteristics using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). DSC measurements showed that incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ rather than $4^{\circ}C$ caused marked changes in thermal transition, and MS displayed similar thermal curves (three endothermic transitions) to MFP and SC alone. After incubation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs, the viscosity (cP) of MS increased (p<0.05) due to induction by MTGase, whereas no differences were observed at $4^{\circ}C$. However, gel strength values were no different, regardless of incubation temperatures and times. Future research will address how longer incubation times affect the functionality of protein mixed gels mediated by MTGase.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.519-526
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• 2023

Present study explored immunostimulatory effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Zanthoxylum schinifolium 1:1 (w:w) mixture (AZM-1:1) in Raw264.7 cells, mouse macrophage derived cells. Treatment with 100-400 ㎍/mL of AZM-1:1 in Raw264.7 cells significantly increased nitric oxide production in parallel with inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression without affecting cytotoxicity. In addition, AZM-1:1 dose-dependently increased prostaglandin E₂ production in conditioned medium along with cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA induction. Moreover, AZM-1:1 induces the transcription of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Immunoblot analyses revealed that AZM-1:1 significantly increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, provoked phosphorylation-mediated degradation of inhibitory-κBα, and phosphorylated p65. Furthermore, treatment with AZM-1:1 promoted phagocytosis of Escherichia coli particle labeled with green fluorescence. Taken together, AZM-1:1 may be a promising nutraceutical for stimulation the innate immune system, including macrophages.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.784-788
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• 1995

The lambda Integrase (Int) carries out site-specific recombination between the two partner DNA sequences, attachment P (attP) and attachment B (attB). In order to study the recombination mechanism, a large quantity of pure integrase is required. Then, we constructed an int gene inserted recombinant plasmid (pNYL3) by using the pQE31 HIS-Tag vector, and produced the fusion protein, 6xHIS-Int from the E. coli TG1 strain carrying the pNYL3 plasmid. The recombinant protein produced was purified by phosphocellulose and Ni$^{++}$-NTA affinity column chromatographies. The result of the in vitro recombination assay using the standard reaction mixture containing 6xHIS-Int and partially purified integration host factor (IHF) showed that the 6xHIS-Int tagged recombination Integrase had the full recombination activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.565-568
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• 2001

A study was conducted to investigate cryoprotectant effect of commercially produced oligosaccharides (IMO: isomalto-oligosaccharides, FO: fructo-oligosaccharides and GO: galacto-oligosaccharides) on beef protein and to compare their effectiveness to sucrose or a mixture of sucrose and sorbitol on freezing. The optimal addition level of cryoprotectants was determined by measuring $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activity of sample treated with different concentration (0 to 12%) after freeze-thaw cycle. Since the stabilization effect was not dramatically increased above 8% sugar concentrations, the 8% was determined as an usage level. During frozen storage (at -18$^{\circ}C$ for 12 week), commercially produced oligosaccharides showed lower cryoprotection ability than sucrose but higher than sucrose+sorbitol as measured by protein solubilities and $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase activities.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.396-403
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• 1997

In order to direct the form of the immune response in an antigen-specific manner, we constructed a fusion protein (OVA/IL12) that contained the T cell-dependent antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), covalently linked to murine interleukin-12 (IL-12). The OVA/IL12 protein was produced in a baculovirus expression system and was purified by anti-OVA immunoaffinity chromatography. The purified OVA/ILI2 protein displayed potent IL-12 bioactivity in an IL-12 proliferation assay. BALB/c mice immunized with the OVA/IL12 protein produced increased quantities of anti-OVA IgG2a antibody compared with mice immunized with recombinant OVA alone. Lymph node cells from the immunized mice with the OVA/IL12 protein produced large amounts of IFN-,Y when restimulated in vitro with OVA, while those from mice immunized with the OVA protein produced little or no IFN-.gamma.. In contrast, immunization with a mixture of OVA and free recombinant IL-12 also induced IFN-.gamma. production, which was not OVA-specific. These studies indicate that the OVA/IL12 fusion protein can induce OVA-specific, Th1-dominated immune responses, and that the covalent linkage of OVA and IL-12 confines the effect of IL-12 to OVA-specific cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.780-786
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• 2002

An immunosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with a self-assembled protein G layer was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. A self-assembled protein C layer on a gold (Au) surface was fabricated by adsorbing the mixture of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and hexanethiol at various molar ratios and by activating chemical binding between free amine (-$NH_2$) of protein G and 11-(MUA) using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) in series. The formation of a self-assembled protein G layer on an Au substrate and the binding of the antibody and antigen in series were confirmed by SPR spectroscopy. The surface morphology analyses of the self-assembled protein G layer on the Au substrate, monoclonal antibody (Mab) against E. coli O157:H7 which was immobilized on protein G, and bound E. coli O157:H7 extracts on Immobilized Mab against E. coii O157:H7 were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The detection limit of the SPR-based immunosensor for E. coli O157:H7 was found to be about $10^4$ cells/ml.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.745-749
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• 1991

Soybean protein isolate was fermented using lactic acid bacteria. The properties of the lactic fermented soybean protein (LFSP) was compared with those of the lactic fermented rice (LFR). The LFSP was superior in nutritive value and rheological properties, whereas the LFR in color, flavor and taste. Mixing of the LFR and the LFSP was attempted to utilize the merits of both the LFR and the LFSP. The mixture was named Risogurt. The Risogurt had better flavor, taste, color and overall eating quality than the LFSP, and better nutritive value and consistency than the LFR. The optimum mixing ratio for the production of the Risogurt was 75% LFR and 25% LFSP.