• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.809-819
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify the effects of caffeine or combinations of caffeine and iron or vitamin E on the lipid and protein components in the MDBK(Mardin-Darby Bovine Kidney) cells. For the In vitro test, MDBK cells in ${\alpha}$-MEM(Minimum Essential Medium) were divided into 4 treatment groups according to drug types and dosages as follows; the control(group A), group B was treated with 0.3mM caffeine, group C was treated with 0.3mM caffeine and 0.3mM ferric chloride, group D was treated with 0.3mM caffeine and 0.3mM vitamin E. Those groups were further divided into 5 subgroups according to the time lapsed(control, 4hrs, 8hrs, 24hrs and 48hrs lapsed group). The concentrations of the carbonyl group and malondialdehyde(MDA) and the patterns of the SDS-PAGE(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) and fatty acid compositions were analyzed to determine the oxidative damages and metabolic changes on the lipid and protein components in the MDBK cells. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; 1. The concentrations of carbonyl group and malondialdehyde in MDBK cells of group C were significantly higher(p<0.01) in comparison to the control, and increased according to the time lapsed. But the results of groups B and D were little different in comparison to the group C. 2. As the analytical results of fatty acid compositions in MDBK cells, the proportions of palmitoleic acid and linoleic acid in groups B, C and D were lower in comparison to the control, while the proportion of arachidonic acid in groups B, C and D were significantly higher(p<0.01) in comparison to the control. 3. In order to determine the oxidative damages to the protein in MDBK cells, the patterns of the SDS-PAGE were examined and the patterns of SDS-PAGE in groups C and D were significantly different between 43kd and 200kd of molecular weight.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 1996

구기자 나무재배시 부산물로 발생되는 구기순을 가공식품 소재로 이용하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻기위해 품종과 채취시기에 따른 지방산과 아미노산 조성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 구기순의 일반성분을 품종과 채취시기에 따라 분석한 결과 조지질, 조단백질, 총당 함량은 청양 재래종이 높게 함유되어 있었고, 조단백질, 총당환원당은 6월20일에 가장 높게 함유되었다. 2. 무기성분 함량은 청양재래종이 다른 품종에 비해 $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO, Cu, Mn 함량이 높게 함유되어 있었으며, 채취시기별로는 5월10일 체취한 구기순에서 가장 많이 함유되었다. 3. 필수지방산인 linoleic acid와 linolenic acid는 총 지방산의 50%정도를 차지하였으며, 품종에 따른 지방산 함량의 차이는 없었고, 시기별로는 5월10일에 채취한 구기순에서 가장 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 4. 아미노산은 19종이 분리되었고, 그 중 glutamic acid는 $10.05%\sim10.94%$로 가장 많이 함유하였으며, aspartic acid, glycine, alanine, leucine 및 lysine순으로 함유되었다. 그리고 아미노산중에서 serine, arginine, methionine, eystine-2, isoleucine은 채취시기가 늦어질수록, glutamic acid, tryptophane은 채취시기가 빠를수록 함량이 높아 건강식품으로의 개발가능성이 확인되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.749-755
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• 1996

From the soil collected from provincial area of South Korea, a microorganisms which have been shown good growth in the minimal poultry feces extract medium was isolated. Supplement of glucose to the poultry feces extract medium helped the complete uptake of soluble protein by microorganism. Uric acid in the poultry feces extract medium could be completely degraded during the microbial growth. Maximum cell growth (3.8 $\times$ 10$^{9}$ CFU/ml) obtained at 36 hours of incubation after inoculation. Uric acid was degraded faster in minimal medium than in the glucose complement medium. VFA (volatile fatty acid), which are known as major compounds of poultry feces odor, were almost removed from the minimal poultry feces extract medium. Glucose supplement to the minimal medium enhanced the growth of microbial cells. Addition of 4% of glucose and 4% of neopeptone to the minimal poultry feces extract medium helped the maximal growth of cells.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2001

In order to utilize okara protein as a food auditive, nutritional composition of soymilk okara was investigated. Protein in okara Is highly insoluble due to excessive heat treatment during soymilk processing. Protein content of okara was 37.3% as compared to 42.5 % for soybean. Carbohydrate and lipid contents of okara were 40.6% and 17.9%, respectively. Okara lipid extracted with chloroform-methanol consisted of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid, with neutral lipid making up 98.6% . Linoleic acid, ileic acid, and palmitic acids accounted for about 80% of the total fatty acids with linoleic acid sharing 50.3% of the total. Amino acid composition of okara protein was dissimilar to that of soy Protein : Cysteine was totally absent in okara while lysine, which is the limiting amino acid of soy protein, was present in higher amount in okara on dry weight basis. Both aqueous extract of okara protein and soy Protein were found to have ACE inhibitory activity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2007

우리나라에서 재배 생산된 콩을 지역별로 수집하여 단백질, 지방함량 및 지방산 조성의 변이를 구명하여 국내 콩 자원의 이용성을 증진하고 고품질의 국산콩 생산기반 구축 및 특산단지 조성을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 본 시험을 수행한 결과를 하면 다음과 같다. 1 황색콩의 백립중은 $24.6{\sim}36.6$ g(평균 29.0g)이었고, 검정콩은 $27.7{\sim}33.1g$(평균 31.2 g)의 변이를 보였으나 백립중 편차의 폭이 커 국내 유통 콩의 크기가 매우 다양함을 알 수 있었다. 2. 검정콩 59종의 단백질 함량은 38.6%로서 황색콩 58종의 단백질 함량 37.9%보다 높았으나 지방함량은 황색콩이 18.1%로서 검정콩의 17.6%보다 높아 종피색에 따른 변이를 보였다. 3. 우리나라 지역별 수집콩 117종의 지방산의 수준은 linoleic > oleic > palmitic > linolenic > stearic > arachidic > myristic > benhenic acid 순으로 높았으며, linoleic acid가 53.75%, oleic acid가 22.08%로서 지방산조성의 약 75.83%에 해당되었다. 4. 불포화지방산 수준은 수집 지역간에 통계적 유의차가 있었으나 linoleic acid 및 oleic acid수준은 수집지역에 따른 변이가 통계적으로 유의차를 보이지 않아 불포화지방산의 지역간 수준 차이는 주로 linolenic acid의 변이에 기인한 것으로 판단되었다. 5. 황색콩의 linoleic, oleic, palmitic, linolenic acid의 조성은 각각 53.43%, 22.73%, 12.23% 및 8.24%였으나 검정콩은 54.13%, 21.48%, 12.47% 및 8.31%로 나타나 콩의 종피색에 따른 지방산 수준에 변이가 존재함을 알 수 있었다. 6. Oleic acid의 수준은 종피색에 따른 뚜렷한 변이를 보였으며 황색콩이 검정콩에 비하여 oleic acid의 조성비가 높게 분포되어 있었다. 7. 황색콩의 경우 백립중이 무거울수록 불포화지방산의 수준이 유의하게 감소되는 것으로 나타났으나(r=-0.513, P<0.01), 검정콩의 경우에는 백립중이 증가됨에 따라 불포화지방산의 수준이 증가되는 경향을 보였으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다.$(r=0.154^{ns}).$

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2005

Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was investigated as a method for removing lipids and bad flavor from tuna viscera. To find the optimum conditions, different experimental variables, such as pressure, temperature, flow rate of solvent and sample size, were evaluated for the effective removal of lipids and the undesirable smell. Ethanol was used as the entrainer, with a $3\%$ by vol $CO_2$ flow rate. By increasing the pressure at constant temperature, the efficiency of the lipid removal was improved and the protein was concentrated without denaturalization. The main fatty acids extracted from the tuna viscera were palmitic acid (16:0), heptadecanoic acid (17:1), oleic acid (18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). The major amino acids in the tuna viscera treated by supercritical carbon dioxide were glutamic acid, leucine and lysine, and the free amino acids were L-proline, taurine and L-$\alpha$-aminoadipic acid.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1999

The effects of eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA, 22:6n-3) on the phospholipase $A_2$ ($PLA_2$)-mediated release of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) were studied in kidney microsomes from rats fed diets containing sunflower oil (SO) or fish oil (FO) concentrate for 11 months. The amounts of AA released by the endogenous $PLA_2$ enzyme were significantly lower by 38% in the FO, compared to the SO-fed rats (23.2 nmol versus 60.7 nmol AA released/mg protein/h in the FO- and SO-treated groups, respectively). The FO-derived microsomes released less linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and adrenic acid (22:4n-6), but larger amounts of the n-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DHA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3), and 20:4n-3 than the SO-derived microsomes. A similar replacement of the AA and adrenic acid with the n-3 fatty acids including EPA and DHA was also observed in the microsomal phospholipid fraction from the FO-fed rats relative to the SO-treated group. The results suggest that the $PLA_2$-mediated release of AA is reduced and that of EPA is increased in compensation for AA decline in kidney microsomes from FO-fed rats (0.7 nmol EPA/mg protein/h versus 22.7 nmol EPA/mg protein/h for the SO and FO-treated groups). Replacement of the n-6 with n-3 fatty acids may explain the reduced synthesis of the AA-derived prostaglandins and the concomitant rise in the EPA-derived prostaglandins observed in kidneys of FO-treated rats.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2017

Purpose: A sensitive gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for screening of fatty acid oxidation disorders. Methods: The assay utilized a simple protein precipitation with sulfosalicylic acid followed by tert-butyl dimethylsilyl (TBDMS) derivatization of hydroxyl functional group by N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Results: Calibration curves of spiked pooled plasma showed a linear relationship in the range of 0.01 ng -2 mg with correlation coefficient value greater than 0.98. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were found in the range of 0.9-8.8 ng and 9-88 ng, respectively. Conclusion: The new developed method might be useful for a rapid, sensitive screening of inherited fatty acid oxidation disorders. In addition, the method expected to be one of the alternative method for screening newborns of metabolic disorders in the laboratories where expensive MS/MS is unavailable.

• BMB Reports
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2024

The fatty acids content of castor (Ricinus communis L.) seed oil is 80-90% ricinoleic acid, which is a hydroxy fatty acid (HFA). The structures and functional groups of HFAs are different from those of common fatty acids and are useful for various industrial applications. However, castor seeds contain the toxin ricin and an allergenic protein, which limit their cultivation. Accordingly, many researchers are conducting studies to enhance the production of HFAs in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant for oil crops. Oleate 12-hydroxylase from castor (RcFAH12), which synthesizes HFA (18:1-OH), was transformed into an Arabidopsis fae1 mutant, resulting in the CL37 line producing a maximum of 17% HFA content. In addition, castor phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1-2 (RcPDAT1-2), which catalyzes the production of triacylglycerol by transferring HFA from phosphatidylcholine to diacylglycerol, was transformed into the CL37 line to develop a P327 line that produces 25% HFA. In this study, we investigated changes in HFA content when endogenous Arabidopsis PDAT1 (AtPDAT1) of the P327 line was edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. The successful mutation resulted in three independent lines with different mutation patterns, which were transmitted until the T4 generation. Fatty acid analysis of the seeds showed that HFA content decreased in all three mutant lines. These findings indicate that AtPDAT1 as well as RcPDAT1-2 in the P327 line are involved in transferring and increasing HFAs to triacylglycerol.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권s01호
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• pp.98-114
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• 1988

This study was conducted to investigate the status and prospects of seed quality researches in rapeseed. Rapeseed Quality was mainly related to oil and protein content, fatty acid composition and glucosinolate content. Hence, breeding for improvement of rapeseed Quality has been emphasized as follows: 1) inheritance mode, 2) investigation of germplasm, 3) establishment of analysis technique, 4) establishment of selection method, 5) idealization of cultural technique. The oil quality is determined by its fatty acids. Fatty acids have been determined by gas chromatography. To improve oil quality was emphasized for zero erucic acid, the highest possible linoleic acid and the lowest possible linolenic acid content. Rapeseed meal is not considered as top quality feed ingredient although it has higher protein content and well-balanced amino acid composition. This is mainly because of the presence of considerable amounts of glucosinolates. Thus the reduction of glucosinolate content in rapeseed meal is of great importance. In breeding for meal quality, low glucosinolate lines (plants) were selected and analyzed by gas chromatography and UV-spectrophotometer. Current problems and future researches of rapeseed quality in Korea are 1) improvement of researcher's number and facilities, 2) depression of animal feeding trials, 3) unsatisfied relationship between research and manufacturing and products field, 4) improvement of fertility for yellow and thin seed coat lines crossed between mustard and rapeseed, 5) establishment of new rapid analysing system for rapeseed quality.