• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1976

The development of protein utilization with keratin(cattle hair and human hair) have heen investigated. The include a) conditioning of hydrolysis of keratin, b) isolation of crude protein, c) pepsin HCl digestibility of isolated protein, d) the amino acid composition of isolated protein and amino acid concentrate. The results are obtained as follow ; 1. Human hair and cattle hair were softened and hydrolysed with hot dilute alkali(especially 1% NaOH) 2. Crude protein were isolated from hydrolysed keratin by means of different solubility and isoelectric point. 3. The protein isolated was of good quality on the point of color, protein content and pepsin digestibility. 4. The amino acid concentrate obtained by acids processing was of good quality on the point of color, taste and amino acid composition.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.441-445
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• 1989

This study was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of protein concentrate for human food from ginseng leaf. The protein concentrate was prepared from ginseng green leaf by treating with cold acetone , followed by protein extraction with 0.2% NaOH containing 0.5% 2-mercaptoethanol and 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Proximate composition of the ginseng leaf protein concentrate (LPC) showed that fat and ash was less than 1%, protein was about 75%, total sugar and total saponin was 5% and 1.2%, respectively. As compared to the provisional amino acid pattern reported by FAO/WHO, ginseng LPC was found to be poor in S-containing amino acids, which were the first limiting amino acid. The amino acid score and E/T ratio of ginseng LPC were 43.1 and 3.02, respectively. Digestibility of ginseng LPC by pepsin and trypsin was lower than that of milk casein.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1106-1109
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• 2001

This experiment was conducted with 30 adult wool producing Angora rabbits of either sex, to evaluate the effect of replacing soyflakes (SF), on equal protein basis, with low gossypol containing cottonseed meal (CSM) either alone or in combination with lysine and methionine; on the biological performance, total wool yield, wool yield per shearing, wool characteristics and mortality. Three experimental mash diets were prepared by incorporating SF (6%) as standard / control protein source $(T_1)$ and CSM (9%) as test protein source ($T_2$ and $T_3$). In $T_3$, amino acids-lysine and methionine (0.1 % each) were added. Animals were given the experimental diets about $150g{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}head^{-1}$, for a period of 225 d or three shearing, and ad libitum Kudzu-vines. No significant effect of $T_2$ or $T_3$, on the body weight gain, total wool yield, wool yield per shearing and wool characteristics, was observed compared to $T_1$. However, the digestibility of dry matter, crude fibers, ether extract, acid detergent fibers, neutral detergent fibers, cellulose and hemicellulose was significantly (p<0.05) depressed in CSM based diets. Mortality of about 20% was recorded in $T_2$ and $T_3$, but not related to the addition of CSM or gossypol toxicity. More studies are needed to standardize the safe level of CSM, duration of safe feeding of CSM, and level of amino acids supplementation in CSM based diets.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.951-965
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• 2024

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is a valuable potential probiotic species with various proven health-beneficial effects. L. plantarum LM1001 strain was selected among ten strains of L. plantarum based on proteolytic activity on whey proteins. L. plantarum LM1001 produced higher concentrations of total free amino acids and branched-chain amino acids (Ile, Leu, and Val) than other L. plantarum strains. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with whey protein culture supernatant (1%, 2% and 3%, v/v) using L. plantarum LM1001 significantly increased the expression of myogenic regulatory factors, such as Myf-5, MyoD, and myogenin, reflecting the promotion of myotubes formation (p<0.05). L. plantarum LM1001 displayed β-galactosidase activity but did not produce harmful β-glucuronidase. Thus, the intake of whey protein together with L. plantarum LM1001 has the potential to aid protein digestion and utilization.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2005

Two feeding trials were carried out to investigate apparent nutrient digestibility of flounder fed experimental diets containing different levels of macro-nutrients by satiation feeding rate (Exp-1) and feeding frequency (Exp-2). Triplicate groups of fish averaging 280 g were fed three experimental diets which contained different levels of carbohydrate, protein and lipid by two feeding regimes (satiation and 80% satiation) and four feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day, one meal a day and one meal every two days). Feces were collected using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tanks for 6 weeks. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, protein, lipid, energy and carbohydrate were not affected by feeding satiation rate in Exp-1. Apparent protein digestibility was not affected by feeding frequency, whereas affected by dietary composition in Exp-2. Apparent protein digestibility of fish fed a high-protein diet showed a tendency to become higher compared to that of fish fed high-carbohydrate diet and high-lipid diet at the same feeding frequency. Apparent lipid digestibility was not affected by dietary composition, however, affected by feeding frequency. Apparent digestibilities of energy and carbohydrate were affected by both dietary composition and feeding frequency. Apparent digestibities of energy and carbohydrate in fish fed the high-protein diet showed a tendency to become higher compared to that of fish fed the high-carbohydrate diet and high-lipid diet at the same feeding frequency. Apparent digestibities of energy and carbohydrate tended to decrease with increasing of feeding frequency at the same dietary composition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1355-1361
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• 2021

Digestibility of pet food can affect the health of dog, especially of aged animals. To maintain the health of dogs in an overall good status it is necessary to provide nutritionally balanced food. For example, the digestibility of dogs was known to be decreased along aging. In addition, losing teethes is an often event in aged dogs that could induce a problem to eat a large size dry pet food. Nonetheless, few detailed information is available on the most suited feeding for aged dogs. As part of the nutritional study of food for aged dogs, in this study, we tested whether food type impacts on digestibility on adult versus senior dogs. The methodology to measure the digestibility of nutrients was chosen the index method using chromium oxide. Dogs were fed the same commercial dry or wet diets, which were supplemented with 0.5% chromium oxide. The wet food was prepared by adding twice volume of water in the dry food prior to incubated overnight (14-16 hours) at room temperature. After five days, their feces were collected up to a total weight of > 200 g which was the amount to analyze undigested nutrients in feces as 3 repeats. In the apparent total tract digestibility analysis of the experimental breed, no difference in the digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and energy was observed regarding the moisture content of the food. Noteworthy, the digestibility of nitrogen free extract was significantly increased in senior dogs fed dry dog food compared with adult dogs fed the same diet, whereas no difference was observed between senior and adult dogs fed wet food. The small breed dogs showed similar results to the experimental breed dogs. However, the digestibility of crude fat was additionally affected by age and food type unlike the experimental breed dogs. This finding suggests that the food moisture content affects the digestibility of nutrients in dogs with aging. Hence, it may be helpful to determine the nutrient contents in foods for senior dogs depending on the food type.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 1995

This study was conducted to determine the influence of alfalfa supplementation on intake, digestibility nitrogen and energy utilization in Korean native goats fed oak browse. This experiment was conducted by total collection method in laboratory, 1994. Diets included 100% oak bmwse(control), 75% oak browse+ 25% alfalfa and 50% oak browse + 50% alfalfa. Alfalfa supplemented diets were slightly higher CP(PO.O5). lignin (P<0.05) and tannin(P<0.05) contents than those control diets. Increasing levels of alfalfa supplementation, dry matter intake slightly increased, but no differences were observed in all diets. Digestibility for dry matter and cellular constituents showed higher for alfalfa supplemented diets than control diets(P<0.05), but NDF and ADF digestibility were similar for all diets. Alfalfa supplemented diets furnished higher dietary N, apparently digested N and retained N than did the control diets(P<0.05). Consumed energy slightly increased with increasing levels of alfalfa supplementation(P>0.05). DE was high(P<0.05) in alfalfa supplemented diets. but ME was similar for all diets. As above results, oak browse diets alone did not supply N and energy in excess of NRC recommended allowance for goats. Hence, goats fed oak browse with supplementation of protein sources such as alfalfa will be need to provides adequate nutrients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1718-1723
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• 2017

Objective: The study explored the dynamics of shearing force and its correlation with chemical compositions and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of stylo. Methods: The shearing force, diameter, linear density, chemical composition, and IVDMD of different height stylo stem were investigated. Linear regression analysis was done to determine the relationships between the shearing force and cut height, diameter, chemical composition, or IVDMD. Results: The results showed that shearing force of stylo stem increased with plant height increasing and the crude protein (CP) content and IVDMD decreased but fiber content increased over time, resulting in decreased forage value. In addition, tall stem had greater shearing force than short stem. Moreover, shearing force is positively correlated with stem diameter, linear density and fiber fraction, but negatively correlated with CP content and IVDMD. Conclusion: Overall, shearing force is an indicator more direct, easier and faster to measure than chemical composition and digestibility for evaluation of forage nutritive value related to animal performance. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the nutritive value of stylo.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2020

The objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in five feed ingredients for male broiler chickens (Ross 308). The test feed ingredients consisted of corn, wheat, soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The birds were fed a standard starter diet for the first 19 d. On day 19, nine hundred sixty birds were assigned to six dietary treatments with eight replicate cages (20 birds/cage) in a randomized complete block design. All experimental diets contained chromic oxide (0.5% in the diet) as an indigestible index. The diets were offered ad libitum for 4 d. At the end of the experiment, all birds were euthanized and ileal digesta samples were collected immediately. The indispensable AA with the least AID and SID were Thr for all the ingredients used in the present study, except for DDGS, in which Lys had the lowest digestibility. For indispensable AA, the AID and SID of Leu, Phe, Arg, and Met were the greatest in corn, DDGS, wheat, SBM, and CM, respectively. The results from the present study showed that there are variations in both the AID and SID of CP and AA among feed ingredients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.379-385
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• 2018

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate sugarcane bagasse as roughage in lactating cow on feed intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, milk production and composition, and microbial protein synthesis. Methods: Ten Girolando cows at initial body weight of $450{\pm}25.6kg$ and at $143.7{\pm}30.7days$ in milk were assigned in two $5{\times}5$ Latin square designs. Five 21-day experimental periods were adopted ($1^{\circ}$ to 14-day: diets adaptation period; $15^{\circ}$ to 21-day: data collection and sampling period). The diets consisted of four different levels of sugarcane bagasse (45%, 50%, 55%, and 60%) and a control diet, commonly adopted in the region, based on spineless cactus (25% sugarcane bagasse), formulated to meet 12 kg/d milk yield. Results: The dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrients intakes and DM and OM digestibilities observed for 45% and 50% bagasse inclusion were similar to control diet, while that 55% and 60% bagasse inclusion were lower. Cows fed control diet, and bagasse diets of 45%, and 50% levels had the nutritional requirements attended, that guaranteed 12 kg/d of milk yield. The crude protein intake and digestibility of cows fed 45%, 50%, and 55% of bagasse inclusion were similar to control diet. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake and digestibility differ for all bagasse diets related to control diet, while the non-fiber carbohydrates intake and digestibility for cows fed 45% of bagasse were similar for control diet. The intakes and digestibilities of nutrients decreased linearly in function of bagasse inclusion; NDF and indigestible NDF intakes did not vary. The ruminating time, feeding and rumination efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and milk yield decreased linearly with sugarcane bagasse inclusion. Conclusion: Sugarcane bagasse decreases milk production; however, its inclusion level in between 45% to 50% associated to concentrate could replace diets based on spineless cactus for crossbred dairy cow's producing 12 kg/d of milk.