• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.31-40
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• 2005

In the post-genomic era, researches on proteins as well as genes have been increasingly required. Particularly, work on protein-protein interaction and protein network construction have been recently establishing. Most biologists publish their research results through papers or other media. However, biologists do not use the information effectively, because the published research results are very large. As the growth of internet field, it becomes easy to access these research results. It is important to extract information with a biological meaning from various media. Therefore, In this paper, we efficiently extract the protein information from many open papers or other media and construct the database of the extracted information. We build a protein network from the established database and then design and implement various pathway analysis algorithms which find biological meaning from the protein network.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.511-515
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• 2004

In the post-genomic era, researches on proteins as well as genes have been increasingly required. Particularly, work on protein-protein interaction and protein network construction have been recently establishing. Most biologists publish their research results through papers or other media. However, biologists do not use the information effectively, since the published research results are very large. As the growth of internet, it becomes easy to access very large research results. It is significantly important to extract information with a biological meaning from varisous media. Therefore, in this research, we efficiently extract protein-protein interaction information from many open papers or other media and construct the database of the extracted information. We build a protein network from the established database and then design and implement various pathway analysis algorithms which find biological meaning from the protein network.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2000

Canola meal and seed are poor sources of ruminal undegraded protein (RUP). On average, canola meal and canola seed contains 35 and 14% RUP, respectively. Several protection methods are effective in reducing ruminal degradation of canola protein and in increasing RUP without affecting total tract protein digestibility. Heat (e.g., dry heat, moist heat and jet-sploding) and chemical (e.g., formaldehyde) treatments are the most common methods used to reduce ruminal degradability of canola protein. In most cases, heat treatments were found to be more effective than chemical treatments in protecting canola protein form ruminal degradation. Despite improvement in RUP content and intestinal availability of RUP, data form several studies showed little or no improvement in animal performance as a result of increasing the RUDP level of canola meal and seed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.1210-1214
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• 2002

The large and rapid changes of glucose utilization in lactating mammary tissue in response to changes in nutritional state must be largely related by external signal of insulin. This also must be related with the quantity and composition of the diet in vivo. To characterize the mode of gut extract protein with insulin, in vitro experiment was conducted with HC11 cells. The gut extract protein has not only the same effect as insulin alone but also the synergistic effect with insulin in 2-Deoxy[3H] glucose uptake. Although the gut extract did not modulates glucose uptake via increasing the rate of translation of the GLUT1 protein, northern blot analysis indicated that the gut extract protein increased the expression of GLUT1 mRNA by a threefold and also there was a dose-dependent increase in the expression of GLUT1 mRNA. The gut extract protein is therefore shown to be capable of modulating glucose uptake by transcription level with insulin in HC 11 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2019

Caveolae are small plasma membrane invaginations that play many roles in signal transduction, endocytosis, mechanoprotection, lipid metabolism. The most important protein in caveolae is the integral membrane protein, caveolin, which is divided into three families such as caveolin 1, caveolin 2, and caveolin 3. Caveolin 1 and 3 are known to incorporate palmitate through linkage to three cysteine residues. Regulation of the protein palmitoylation cycle is important for the cellular processes such as intracellular localization of the target protein, membrane association, conformation, protein-protein interaction, and activity. However, the detailed aspect of individual palmitoylation has not been studied. In the present work, the role of each lipid modification at three cysteines was studied by NMR. Our results suggest that each lipid modification at the natively palmitoylation site has its own roles. For example, lipidations to C106 and C129 are play a role in structural stabilization, however, interestingly, lipid modification to C116 interrupts the structural stabilization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to use the NRC-2001 model and DVE/OEB system to model potential nutrient supply to ruminants and to compare frost damaged (also called "frozen" wheat with normal wheat. Quantitative predictions were made in terms of: i) Truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein in the small intestine; ii) Truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein in the small intestine; iii) Endogenous protein in the digestive tract; iv). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; and v). Protein degraded balance. The overall yield losses of the frozen wheat were 24%. Results showed that using the DVE/OEB system to predict the potential nutrient supply, the frozen wheat had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (65 vs. 66 g/kg DM; p>0.05), tended to have lower truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein (39 vs. 53 g/kg DM; p<0.10) and had higher endogenous protein (14 vs. 9 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was significantly lower (89 vs. 110 g/kg DM, p<0.05) in the frozen wheat. The protein degraded balance was similar and both were negative (-2 vs. -1 g/kg DM). Using the NRC-2001 model to predict the potential nutrient supply, the frozen wheat also had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (average 56 g/kg DM; p>0.05), tended to have lower truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein (35 vs. 48, g/kg DM; p<0.10) and had similar endogenous protein (average 4 g/kg DM; p>0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was significantly lower (95 vs. 108 g/kg DM, p<0.05) in the frozen wheat. The protein degraded balance was not significantly different and both were negative (-16 vs. -19 g/kg DM). In conclusion, both models predict lower protein value and negative protein degraded balance in the frozen wheat. The frost damage to the wheat reduced nutrient content and availability and thus reduced nutrient supply to ruminants by around 12 to 19%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 2001

The effect of chicken IGF-I on protein synthesis of chicken embryo myoblasts cultured in serum-free medium was examined. When myoblasts were expanded to approximate 20-30% of well, the medium was changed to the serum-free medium including 0, 2, 20, 200 or 2000 ng/ml of recombinant chicken IGF-I. The culture medium including 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) was used as positive control. After 1 day of incubation, protein synthesis was measured by the incorporation of [$^3H$]-L-leucine. Thereafter cells were continued to incubate for further 18 hours, and the radioactivity in the protein was measured as an index of protein synthesis. The values for protein synthesis cultured in the serum-free medium without chicken IGF-I or with 2000 ng/ml of chicken IGF-I were the lowest. Protein synthesis was elevated with increasing chicken IGF-I concentration from 0 to 20 ng/ml. The values for protein synthesis in the 20 ng/ml and 200 ng/ml IGF-I groups were about half of that of the FCS group. The present study revealed that the potency of chicken IGF-I at the levels of 20 to 200 ng/ml to stimulate myoblast protein synthesis was about half of that of 10% FCS.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1988

Twenty cows, by order of calving, were used in a completely randomized $2{\times}2$ factorial experiment. Variables were tow protein levels (14 and 18% crude protein) and concentration of fat (2 and 6% ether extract) in diets. Fat addition, via unprocessed whole sunflower seed, insured forage utilization in diets to meet energy requirement of cows. A total of 36 wks of lactation was subdivided into three 12-wk stages of lactation. Net energy lactation was set at 1.72, 1.57 and 1.42 Mcal/kg for each stage. Higher protein diets improved the efficiency of energy (FCM/net energy intake) which was particularly noted for diets containing high fat (85.7%). However, diets with low protein-high fat resulted in the lowest efficiency (67.7%). No difference in milk yield and butterfat was due to different levels and combinations of protein and lipid in diets. High protein diets depressed blood cholesterol and glucose compared to low-protein counterparts. Relative decline in milk production was slower for lower fat diets than for higher fat groups, especially mid to later stage of lactation. Results of this experiment tend to support our thesis on the synergistic effect of dietary protein and energy (lipid) upon efficiency of lactation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.365-368
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• 1992

The experiment was carried out to estimate the energy and protein requirements of Khaki Campbell $\times$ Thai Native laying ducks. To estimate the energy requirement, 5 experimental diets were formulated at levels of 2.70, 2.75, 2.80, 2.85 and 2.90 Mcal ME/kg. These diets were equal in ME/CP ratio (170/l). A total of 150 18-week old laying ducks were assigned to 5 energy level treatments, each comprising 3 replicates of 10 birds each, and they were fed the diets for 18 weeks. To estimate the protein requirement, 90 18-week old laying ducks were divided into 9 groups of 10 birds each, and they were assigned to 3 protein level treatments, each comprising 3 replicates. The levels of protein in the diets were 13.5%, 15.0% and 16.5%, and all diets were isocaloric (2.8 Mcal ME/kg). As a result, the 16.5% protein diet gave significantly better egg production than the 13.5% and 15.0% protein diets, however, no significant difference in egg production was found among the energy levels. Feed cost to produce 1k eggs was lower in the 2.70 Mcal and 16.5%protein diets than in the higher ME and lower protein diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1990

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of blood-mixed and heat-treated protein feeds on protein degradation in the rumen, flow of protein to the abomasums and availability of undegraded protein in the intestine of sheep in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Soybean oil meal, rapeseed meal, and whole soybean were mixed with fresh swine blood and dried at $140^{\circ}C$ for 2 h. Proportionate disappearance of apparently digested OM in the postrumen for the blood and heat treated protein group was ranged from 43.2 to 50.5% as compared with 28.0% for the unheated soybean oil meal diet. The treated protein supplements were resulted in greater total N and NAN flow passing at the abomasums than untreated soybean oil meal diet was fed. The quantities of undegraded feed N passing at the abomasums for the treated protein diets was approximately twice as high as that of the untreated soybean oil meal diet and the estimated amount of undegraded N of the protein supplement itself was 79.1 to 84.2% as compared with 15% of soybean oil meal.