• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

본 연구는 건축 및 내구재용 목재인 편백 목재에 붕소/실리콘 졸 화합물을 처리한 후 화재위험성을 연기 유해성에 대하여 연기성능지수(SPI), 연기성장지수(SGI)와 연기강도(SI)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 화합물은 Tetraethoxyorthosilicate를 Boronic acid와 Boric acid 유도체와 반응시켜 합성하였다. 연기 특성은 편백목재에 대하여 Cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) 장비를 이용하여 조사하였다. 화재강도는 50 kW/㎡의 외부 열 유속(External heat flux)으로 고정시켰다. 연소 반응 후 측정된 연기성능지수는 편백목재와 비교하여 13.4~126.7% 증가하였다. 연기성능지수에 의한 화재위험성은 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 감소하였다. 연기성장지수는 편백목재와 비교하여 12.0~57.5% 감소하였다. 연기성장지수에 의한 화재위험성은 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 낮아졌다. 연기강도에 의한 화재위험성은 3.2~57.8% 감소하였으며 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si 순서로 낮아졌다. CO_peak 농도는 85~93 ppm였으며 공시편과 비교하여 37~43% 감소하였다. 화재위험성을 연기유해성에 대해 종합적으로 평가하면 편백목재, PBA/Si, IBBA/Si, BA/Si순서로 낮아졌다.

• 지질공학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2020

강원도 평창 방림 지구 깎기 비탈면에 드러난 단면은 고생대 조선누층군 석회암층을 기반으로 다양한 지질구조가 발견된다. 비탈면에서 관찰되는 횡와습곡(recumbent fold)은 우리나라에서도 발견된바 거의 없는 매우 희귀한 지질구조로 강원도 지역 고생대 시대의 지질 구조의 형성과정을 규명함에 중요한 학술적 가치를 지니고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도로비탈면에서 관찰되는 지질구조의 지질학적 가치에 대하여 논의하며, 위험비탈면의 관리방안을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 횡와습곡의 발달 상태는 지질학적 희소성, 특이성 등에서 보존가치를 지니고 있으며 지질과학 교육적 중요한 가치를 지니는 지질유산으로써의 보호 및 낙석위험 저감대책을 통한 보존 관리방안이 마련되어야 하며 나아가 지질공원(geopark)으로 보전되고 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.192-202
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• 2007

Objectives: The objectives of this research are to examine the missions, organization, and programs of the environmental, health and safety(EHS) offices of the major research universities in the U.S.A., particularly the case of Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) EHS Office, and to suggest ways to address the EHS issues of the universities and research institutes in South Korea. Methods: The top 30 research universities in the U.S.A. were selected by the total amounts of research funds they annually received. The web sites of the 30 universities were searched to identify the names of the departments that address environment, health, and/or safety related issues, the missions of those departments, the major programs of those departments, and the number of staff in those departments. Also, a case study was conducted for the Environment Health and Safety Management System and the Environment, Health and Safety Office of the MIT, using literature and web searches and a meeting with the Director of the MIT Environment, Health and Safety Office. Results: All the top 30 research universities in the U.S.A. had designated departments that dealt with EHS issues. Most of them were by the name of or similar to environmental, health and safety. The mission statements of those departments were mostly about improving the safety and health of their community members, improving the environment, and complying to EHS regulations. Most of those departments had an environmental management program, industrial hygiene program, radiation protection program, safety program, and biosafety program as their major programs. The components of the environment, health and safety management system(EHS-MS) of the MIT were examined in detail. In contrast, not many universities in South Korea had designated departments that dealt specifically with EHS issues. Also, the number of fulltime staff for EHS was only 1-2 in most of the Korean universities and their work duties included only general safety, while neglecting other health/environment related issues. Conclusions: Well organized and functioning environmental, health and safety offices were present in all of the top 30 research universities in the U.S.A., whereas similar organizations of the universities in South Korea were virtually non-existent and/or had very limited EHS activities. Therefore, in order to reduce potential risks of accidents and health problems in the Korean universities and research institutions, well established and functioning EHS-MSs and EHS offices are warranted. The case of the EHS-MS and EHS Office in the MIT demonstrate a successful case to follow.

• 의료법학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.211-237
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• 2014

Because of unpredictability and high possibility of abnormal results by clinical trials compared to general medical behaviors, a procedure for ensuring with sufficient explanations by investigators must be secured. Therefore, in a sequence of clinical trials, what kinds of scope, stage, and method of explanations provided by investigators, including doctors or researchers, to trial subjects are closely related to the compensation for damages by violation of liability for explanation. In case of application of clinical trials to patients who have critical illness such as cancer, issues of "Quality of Life" regarding trial subjects, cancer patients, should be discussed. Especially, in case of clinical trials for terminal cancer patients, the right of subjects' self-determination, which is a fundamental principle in medical behaviors, should be discussed. The right of self-determination includes participation in clinical trials for the possibility of life-sustaining even a little bit, or no participation in clinical trials in order to have a time for completing the rest of his life. Like this, if the extent and scope of explanations related to the issues of "Quality of Life" are raised as main issues, the evaluation of "Quality of Life", should be a prerequisite. In many occasions, realistically, despite bad results such as deaths or serious adverse drug reactions after clinical trials, it may not be easy for compensating to trial subjects or their survivors, who requested civil compensation for damage. Futhermore, in abnormal results after concealment of clinical trials or performance of clinical trials without permission, and in the case of trial subjects' failures of proving proximate cause between the clinical trials and abnormal results, problematic results such as no protection to the trial subjects could be occurred. In performing clinical trials, investigators should provide sufficient explanations for trial subjects and secure voluntary informed consents from the trial subjects. Therefore, clinical trials without trial subjects' permissions and the informed consent process violate trial subjects' rights of self-determination, and the investigators shall be liable for compensation for damages. Then, issues might be addressed are what are essential contents of patients' "rights of self-determination" infringed by clinical trials without subjects' permissions. Two perspectives about patients' rights of self-determination might be considered. One perspective regards physical distress of patients (subjects) from therapies without sufficient explanations as the crux of the matter. The other perspective regards infringement of human dignity caused by being subjects without permission as the crux of the matter irrespective of risks' big and small influences. This research follows perspective of the latter. Forming constant fiduciary relation between investigators (doctors) and subjects (patients) pursuant medical contracts, and in accordance with this fiduciary relation, subjects, who are patients, have expectations of explanations and treatments by the best ways. If doctors and patients set this forth as a premise, doctors should assume civil liability when doctors infringe patients' expectations.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2010

Comprehensive quarterly serosurveillance on scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites located near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ), northern Gyeonggi-do (Province), ROK was conducted to determine the potential rodent-borne and associated ectoparasite disease risks to military personnel. A total of 1,196 rodents and insectivores representing 8 species, Apodemus agrarius (87.3%, n = 1,044), Mus musculus (5.4%, n = 65), Crocidura lasiura (3.3%, n = 40), Microtus fortis (2.6%, n = 31), Micromys minutus (0.3%, n = 4), Tscherskia triton (0.3%, n = 4), Rattus norvegicus (0.3%, n = 4), and Myodes regulus (0.3%, n = 4) were assayed for the presence of antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi. O. tsutsugamushi antibodies were detected in 6 of 8 species and seroprevalence determined; A. agrarius (45.6%), M. musculus (23.1%), M. fortis (48.4%), M. minutus (50.0%), T. triton (50.0%), and R. norvegicus (25.0%). A total of 31,184 chigger mites collected from 508 rodents and insectivores were slide-mounted and 10 species belonging to 4 genera were identified. Leptotrombidium pallidum (53.4%) was the most frequently collected, followed by L. pal pale (15.7%), Neotrombicula tam/yai (14.3%), L. orientate (10.7%), L. zetum (3.1%), Walchia fragilis (2.1%), and L. gemiticutum (0.8%), while the remaining 3 species, L subintennedium, N. gardellai, and Euschoengastia koreaensis were rarely observed (prevalence < 10%). In contrast to previous surveys, higher chigger indices of the primary scrub typhus vectors, L. pallidum (165.4), L. orientale (45.0), and L. palpate (21.4), were observed during the spring season.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2020

광해방지사업은 광산 개발로 인해 국민건강 생활에 미치는 위해요인을 분석, 제거 및 예방을 통해 지속가능한 녹색생활권 보장 및 친환경적 광산개발을 도모를 목표로 수행되고 있다. 일제강점기 및 광산개발 활황기에 개발되어 전국에 산재된 광산은 아직도 복구되지 않은 상태로 방치되고 있으며, 이런 산재된 위험으로 부터 국민안전은 물러설수 없는 최우선의 가치가 되고 있다. 광해방지사업에서 국민안전과 밀접한 사업은 응급조치이며, 이중 가장 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 공법은 지반침하방지사업과 유사하게 충전공법이다. 위험한 광산 공동 및 터널이 산악에 위치한 경우, 기존 재료로 충전 공법이 불가능하거나, 불합리한 경우가 발생가능하며, 새로운 공법의 기술개발이 필요하다. 위험한 광산 채굴지가 인접한 등산로에서 국민의 소중한 인명피해가 발생하지 않도록 응급조치사업은 안전하고 효율적으로 시행되어야 한다. 이러한 현장여건에서 우레탄 폼 재료는 하나의 대안이 될수 있다. 본 연구는 우레탄 폼 재료의 해외 광업분야 적용사례를 살펴보고, 실규모 화재 실험을 통해 광해방지사업의 응급조치을 위한 우레탄폼 재료와 복토 심도에 적용성을 실험하였다. 실험결과를 통해 약 15cm의 복토(추천 20cm 이상)로 산림화재로부터 폼 재료의 기능유지에 적정하다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.373-401
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• 2015

무인항공기 기술이 급속히 발전하고 시장이 확대되고 있으나 아직 국내 산업과 기술 수준은 선진국보다는 뒤처지는 상황이며 관련 법제도의 정비도 미흡한 실정에 놓여 있다. 그러나 무인항공기 기술이 출현한 지 오래되지 않아 격차가 크지 않고 특히 우리나라가 강한 면모를 보이는 ICT 분야와 연관성이 크다는 측면에서 무인항공기 분야는 전략적으로 육성할만하다고 판단된다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 무인항공기 관련 기술, 시장, 법제도 등의 현황 및 실태를 전반적으로 살펴보고 정책적으로 어떤 대응을 해야 하는지에 대한 방안을 제시해 보고자 하였다. 무인항공기 기술이 발달하고 그 활용이 증가함에 따라 이와 관련한 법체계의 조화와 정책적 대응이 매우 중요한 과제로 등장하였다. 무인항공기가 가져올 수 있는 위험성을 규제하는 법규의 중요성이 매우 큰 것이 사실이지만 한편으로 지나친 규제가 기술의 발달을 저해하고 결과적으로 시장과 사회의 정체를 가져올 수 있다는 것을 분명히 인식해야 한다. 특히 무인항공기와 같은 새롭고 유용한 기술 분야의 경우 관련 법과 제도를 신속하게 정립하고 정책적으로도 필요한 조치를 취하는 것은 새로운 기술의 발전과 그 활용도를 획기적으로 높이기 위해서도 필수적인 요소라 할 수 있다. 요컨대 무인항공기 산업 육성과 국민안전 및 사생활 보호를 동시에 도모하기 위해 규제 완화와 강화 사이의 적절한 수준의 제도 개선 및 정책적 지원이 중요하다고 하겠다.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.44-44
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• 2018

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by infection with Fusarium graminearum leads to enormous losses to crop growers, and may contaminate grains with a number of Fusarium mycotoxins that pose serious risks to human and animal health. Antagonistic bacteria that are used to prevent FHB offer attractive alternatives or supplements to synthetic fungicides for controlling FHB without the negative effects of chemical management. Out of 500 bacterial strains isolated from soil, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 showed strong antifungal activity and was considered a potential source for control strategies to reduce FHB. B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 produces several cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) including iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin. Iturin A inhibits spore germination of F. graminearum. Fengycin or surfactin alone did not display any inhibitory activity against spore germination at concentrations less than 30 ug/ml, but a mixture of iturin A, fengycin, and surfactin showed a remarkable synergistic inhibitory effect on F. graminearum spore germination. The fermentation broth and formulation of B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 strain reduced the disease incidence of FHB in wheat. Furthermore, co-application of B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 and chemical fungicides resulted in synergistic in vitro antifungal effects and significant disease control efficacy against FHB under greenhouse and field conditions, suggesting that B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 has a strong chemosensitizing effect. The synergistic antifungal effect of B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 and chemical fungicides in combination may result from the cell wall damage and altered cell membrane permeability in the phytopathogenic fungi caused by the CLP mixtures and subsequent increased sensitivity of F. graminearum to fungicides. In addition, B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 showed the potential to reduce trichothecenes mycotoxin production. The results of this study indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens JCK-12 could be used as an available biocontrol agent or as a chemosensitizer to chemical fungicides for controlling FHB disease and as a strategy for preventing the contamination of harvested crops with mycotoxins.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권4호
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• pp.632-639
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• 2015

산림작업은 험준한 산악지에서 주로 작업이 이루어지고 있기 때문에 임업노동자에게 높은 위험수준을 부담하는 노동형태를 띠고 있다. 하지만 이러한 중노동에도 불구하고 건설공사 품셈을 바탕으로 하는 비현실적인 임금체계의 적용으로 인하여 효율적인 작업수행이 이루어지지 않을 뿐만 아니라 임업기능인의 노동생산성도 점차 저하되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국 사유림 임업기능인 영림단을 대상으로 현행 임금체계의 문제점과 합리적인 임금체계 수립을 위한 설문지 조사를 실시하였다. 또한 설문내용을 바탕으로 임업의 특수성을 고려한 새로운 직종별 적정 임금체계를 개발하였다. 설문조사는 총 19문항으로, 총 659명에게 우편을 통하여 실시하였고, 이 중 28.5%의 회신율을 보였다. 조사된 영림단의 평균 적정임금은 지역별로 다소차이를 보였으나, 보통인부가 97,680원/일, 특별인부 127,559원/일, 벌목부는 152,403원/일로 나타났다. 이는 건설협회의 노임단가와 비교했을 때, 적정한 수준이라 판단된다. 또한 현재 분류되고 있는 3개 직종(보통인부, 특별인부, 벌목부)구분 보다는 좀 더 산림작업의 특수성을 반영할 수 있는 5개 직종(산림환경작업부, 초급산림작업인, 중급산림작업인, 고급산림작업인, 산림장비운전사)으로 구분한다면 임업기능인을 위한 현실적이고 안정된 임금체계를 제시 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1994

The aim of this study was to assess the people's need for visiting health services in a rural area. In recent years, the great concern for the visiting health services has aroused in Korea. Stratified cluster sample for a household survey was used to select 1,255(8.4%) Households from Yonchon county. This study was undertaken from July 26 to August 7 in 1993. Medically defined need, usually expressed by the prevalencies or rates of specific disease, was evaluated with the use of criteria established by medical and nursing professors and expressed by the percent of specific objects for the visiting health services. Perceived need represented by the acceptability for the visiting services and willingness to paying for it, also, evaluated. The major results were as follows : 1. Of the 348 patients with hypertension, 201 were the non-compliant patients, the rate of the non-compliant hypertension patients in 4,577 study population was 7.4%. 2. Of the 141 diabetic patients, 73 were the non-compliant patients, the rate of the non-compliant hypertension patients in 4,577 sample population was 2.7%. 3. The number of patients with severe musculo-skeletal disease was 24, the rate was 0.9% above the age 30. 4. Of the 514 elderly, 33 were the elderly without any family member, the rate was 8.4%. Those with severely decreased activity of daily living were 13. 5. Infants with high risks were 12, pregnant women and neonates were 5, patients discharged within 1 week and with special equipments such as peritoneal dialysis, stoma, TPN etc. were 17, and patients with cancer were 5. Total number of the objects needed visiting health services was 752(18.43%) of the 4,577 study population. Perceived need evaluated were as follows; The acceptance rate of visiting health services was 74.9%, The kinds of visiting health services such as family health protection and promotion, early detection of hypertension, physiotherapy, health education and counseling were needed in the order of high rate The price willing to pay for visiting health services per visit was about 3,000-5,000Won. In conclusion, Visiting health services programme to be developed should have priority to the prevention of complications of chronic disease such as hypertension, diabetes milletus, elderly disease and health promotion.