• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

In this study, 200 isolates of fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from different fields of East and West Azarbaijan and Ardebil provinces of Iran. These bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of a dual culture assay, the presence of known antibiotic genes, and their ability to successfully colonize roots and to promote plant growth. Twelve isolates exhibited 30% or more inhibition of mycelia growth of $P.$ $drechsleri$. Genes encoding production of the antibiotics 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, and pyoluteorin were detected in some strains but none of the strains possessed the coding gene for production of antibiotic pyrrolnitrin. In an $in$ $vitro$ test for root colonization, the population density on roots of plants treated with most of the above strains was more than 6 $\log_{10}$ CFU $g^{-1}$ roots, with a maximum of 7.99 $\log_{10}$ CFU $g^{-1}$ roots for strain 58A. Most of the strains promoted significant plant growth in comparison to non-treated controls. In green house studies, the percentage of healthy plants in pots treated with strains 58A and 8B was 90.8% and 88.7%, respectively. The difference between these treatments and treatment with the fungicide metalaxyl was not significant.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

한국은 2013년 7월부터 판단능력이 부족한 요보호성년자를 보호하기 위해서 성년후견제도를 시행하였다. 프랑스, 일본 등 성년후견제도를 시행하고 있는 국가들은 여러 문제점이 나타나고 있지만, 지속적인 제도보완을 통해서 요보호성년자의 실질적인 보호 및 제도 정착을 도모하고 있다. 고령화 사회에서 사회보장비의 합리적 억제는 모든 국가의 공통적 과제라고 할 수 있으므로 비용문제 해결은 성년후견제도의 성공적인 정착을 위해서는 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이미 성년후견제도를 시행하고 있는 국가에서 비용과 관련한 문제점 및 그 대응방안을 살펴보고, 이를 토대로 몇 가지 방안을 제시함으로써 한국에서의 제도 정착을 도모하고자 한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

Leishmania tropica and L. major are etiologic agents of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) is an immunologic response that has been frequently used as a correlate for protection against or sensitization to leishmania antigen. In BALB/c mice, L. tropica infection results in non-ulcerating disease, whereas L. major infection results in destructive lesions. In order to clarify the immunologic mechanisms of these 2 different outcomes, we compared the ability of these 2 leishmania species in induction of DTH response in this murine model. BALB/c mice were infected with L. major or L. tropica, and disease evolution and DTH responses were determined. The results show that the primary L. major infection can exacerbate the secondary L. major infection and is associated with DTH response. Higher doses of the primary L. major infection result in more disease exacerbation of the secondary L. major infection as well as higher DTH response. L. tropica infection induces lower DTH responses than L. major. We have previously reported that the primary L. tropica infection induces partial protection against the secondary L. major infection in BALB/c mice. Induction of lower DTH response by L. tropica suggests that the protection induced against L. major by prior L. tropica infection may be due to suppression of DTH response.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2021

Green finance plays an important role in environmental protection missions and fighting climate change. The Environment Fund in Vietnam is the main channel of preferential capital offered to firms for environmental protection. Unfortunately, it was previously unknown which criteria influenced these companies' ability to obtain green financing. Using a survey method, we collected data through a structured questionnaire of 203 respondents that represent firms that had received concessional loans from 26 Environment Funds. A Multiple Linear Regression model was used to examine the determinants of access to concessional loans for environmental protection. We found relationships between age, size, ownership type, and industry sector, and access to green finance. Third-party guarantees were a significant factor in financing through Environment Funds. Moreover, we found commercial environmental projects face fewer green financing obstacles. Surprisingly, showing audited financial statements does not mitigate the information asymmetry between firms and these financial institutions. These findings suggest that Environment Funds should classify environmental project types to develop appropriate lending policies. In emerging markets, enterprises need to build a trusted relationship with financial institutions so that they can replace asset-based lending techniques, thereby increasing the firms' accessibility to green finance.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Culinary herbs and spices have received much attention since they contain high concentrations of bioactive ingredients for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Protection effect of the herb and spice against acute alcohol consumption has been investigated using zebrafish as a vertebrate model. During 30 days bathed in water containing 1% Et-OH and the designated herb or spice, the survival rate of the Et-OH group was decreased sharply (up to 20% at 10 days). The cinnamon-fed group showed the highest and longer survival rate up to 80% up to for 30 days under the presence of Et-OH, while clove-fed group showed 40% survival rate for 25 days. Et-OH group serum exhibited the weakest antioxidant ability from ferric ion removal ability (FRA) assay; FRA ability was increased in the cinnamon-fed group up to 414%, while the clove and laurel group increased 256% and 309%, respectively. Histologic observation and Oil-red O staining showed hepatic tissue damage was severe in the Et-OH group. The cinnamon- or clove-fed group showed much ameliorated hepatic tissue morphology with minimized steatosis. The cinnamon- or clove-fed group showed lower serum GOT and GPT levels than the Et-OH group. Among hepatic tissue extract, the clove-fed group exhibited the lowest level of GOT and GPT. These results suggest that consumption of cinnamon and clove might be beneficial to attenuate progress of acute fatty liver change by alcohol consumption.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1999

In order to investigate the critical amino acid residues involved in the catalytic activities of $\beta$-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase ($\beta$-CGTase) excreted by Bacillus firmus var. alkalophilus, the amino acid residues in $\beta$-CGTase were modified by various site-specific amino acid modifying reagents. The cyclizing and amylolytic activities of $\beta$-CGTase were all seriously reduced after treatment with Woodward's reagent K (WRK) modifying aspartic/glutamic acid, N-bromosuccinimde (NBS) modifying tryptophan, and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) modifying histidine residues. The roles of tryptophan and histidine residues in $\beta$-CGTase were further investigated by measuring the protection effect of various substrates during chemical modification, comparing protein mobility in native and affinity polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing soluble starch, and comparing the $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of native and modified enzymes. Tryptophan residues were identified as affecting substrate-binding ability rather than influencing catalytic activities. On the other hand, histidine residues influenced catalytic ability rather than substrate-binding ability, plus histidine modification had an effect on shifting the optimum pH and pH stability.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.85-90
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• 2020

본 연구는 공공기관의 소방안전관리실태를 파악, 분석하여 위험요소에 대한 철저한 예방과 화재상황에 대한 신속한 대응 체제가 구축될 수 있는 초·중등학교 소방안전관리 개선방안을 모색, 강구하는 것이 목적이다. 현재 강원도 내 초·중등학교에 소방안전관리자로 선임된 인원을 대상으로 소방안전관리자의 전문성, 예방능력, 대비능력, 운영형태 등을 설문을 통해 조사하여 분석하였다. 실태조사 문항은 26개 항목으로 구성하였다. 그 결과, 소방안전관리에 대한 인식은 상당히 높은 반면에 사고를 대비, 대응할 수 있는 소방안전관리자의 능력은 제도적, 기술적 측면에서 개선되어야 하는 것으로 파악되었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1463-1479
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• 2013

In this paper, we propose an unequal protection physical coding sub-layer (PCS) forward error correction (FEC) scheme for efficient and high-quality transmission of video data over optical access networks. Through identifying and resolving the unequal importance of different video frames and passing this importance information from MAC-layer to PCS, FEC scheme of PCS can be adaptive to application-layer data. Meanwhile, we jointly consider the different channel situations of optical network unit (ONU) and improve the efficiency of FEC redundancy by channel adaptation. We develop a theoretical algorithm and a hardware method to achieve efficient FEC assignment for the proposed unequal protection scheme. The theoretical FEC assignment algorithm is to obtain the optimal FEC redundancy allocation vector that results in the optimum performance index, namely frame error rate, based on the identified differential importance and channel situations. The hardware method aims at providing a realistic technical path with negligible hardware cost increment compared with the traditional FEC scheme. From the simulation results, the proposed Channel and Application-layer data Adaptation Unequal Protection (CAAUP) FEC scheme along with the FEC ratio assignment algorithm and the hardware method illustrates the ability of efficient and high-quality transmission of video data against the random errors in the channel of optical access networks.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.321-325
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• 2015

다공성 세라믹 큐브를 이용한 RT-PCR 진단법은 별도의 핵산 추출 과정이나 용액 처리 없이, 식물체에 접촉시켜 큐브의 공극에 바이러스 입자나 핵산 등의 분자가 신속하게 흡수되면 이를 바로 RT-PCR 반응에 넣어 유전자를 증폭시키는 방법으로, 식물체로부터 빠르고 정확하게 바이러스를 진단하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 다공성 세라믹 큐브를 이용하여 벼에 발생하는 주요 바이러스인 벼줄무늬잎마름바이러스(RSV)를 진단하는 RT-PCR 진단법을 확립하였다. 벼의 잎, 잎집, 또는 줄기를 대상으로 큐브 1개 또는 3개를 사용하여 즙액을 흡수시킨 후, 이를 RT-PCR 주형으로 사용하였고, 그 결과 변성처리에 큰 차이 없이 증폭 효율이 나타났다. 또한 즙액을 흡수한 큐브는 9주차까지 상온에서 보관한 후 RT-PCR을 실시하여도 안정적으로 증폭 효율을 나타내었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.479-487
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• 2004

The prevention of noise induced hearing loss is very important, because there is no treatment for it. There are some kinds of devices for hearing protection, and those are effective in preventing a noise induced hearing loss. However, people often resist the use of hearing protection devices because it is difficult to have a conversation. Therefore, a hearing protection device is must effective not only in hearing protection but also in preserving communication ability. In this paper, we proposed a small acoustic filter for ITE type noise protector to solving the problem about the difficulties of conversation. That is applied a principle of acoustic filters that have been used for a muffler of automobiles, guns, and etc. To find out the sound transmission characteristic at the eardrum, we regarded an acoustic filter and external ear canal as a coupled system. So, we simulated the coupled system with OrCad, and experimented with a designed acoustic filter and a 2 cc coupler which has the same transmission characteristic as the external ear canal has. We confirmed that it is possible to adjustment acoustic transmission characteristics through simulation of electrical model for acoustic filter and external ear and experiments using designed small acoustic filters.