• 제목/요약/키워드: prostate cancer risk

검색결과 190건 처리시간 0.027초

Is Season a Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer?

  • Mutlu, Hasan;Akca, Zeki;Cihan, Yasemin Benderli;Kurnaz, Fatih;Aslan, Tuncay;Erden, Abdulsamet;Ugur, Hediye;Aksahin, Arzu;Buyukcelik, Abdullah
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.743-746
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    • 2013
  • Background: Some studies have indicated an inverse relationship between cancer risk and sunlight exposure. Others have reported that the prognosis of some cancers such as prostate, colon, ovarian and non melanoma skin cancer, were affected by the season in which the cancer was diagnosed. In our study, we evaluated whether season is prognostic in Turkish patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 517 patients from Kayseri Training and Research Hospital were analysed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to season of cancer diagnosis: winter, spring, summer and autumn. The prognostic factors for disease free survival and overall survival were investigated. Results: No significant differences were found among groups regarding prognostic factors overall. Only estrogen receptor status and lymphovascular invasion were independent prognostic factors (p=0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). We found significantly differences for mean disease free survival among groups (p=0.019). Winter group had better mean DFS while summer group had worse DFS. Mean overall survival was similar in the four groups (p=0.637). Conclusions: The season is not an independent predictive factor. However, due to interaction with other factors, we think that the season of cancer diagnosis is important for cancer prognosis.

누락된 공변량을 가진 원인별 비례위험모형의 분석 (Analysis of the cause-specific proportional hazards model with missing covariates)

  • 이민정
    • 응용통계연구
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.225-237
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    • 2024
  • 경쟁위험자료에서 일부 공변량들이 연구대상들의 일부분에 대해 관측되지 않을 수 있다. 그런 경우 결측된 공변량 값을 가진 연구대상들을 분석에서 제외하는 것은 편향된 추정치와 효율성 손실이 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 누락된 공변량을 가진 원인별 비례위험모형의 회귀모수 추정을 위해 다중대체 방법과 증대된 역 확률 가중 방법을 연구하였다. 모의실험을 통해 다중대체 방법과 증대된 역 확률 가중 방법에 의해 구해진 추정량의 성능을 평가한 결과, 이 방법들이 잘 수행됨을 확인하였다. 미국 국립암연구소의 전립선, 폐, 대장, 난소 암 선별 시험 연구에서 제공하는 종양 크기의 값이 누락된 유방암 자료에 대해 암 사망 위험률과 다른 원인 사망 위험률에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 다중대체 방법과 증대된 역 확률 가중 방법을 적용하였다. 다중대체 방법과 증대된 역 확률 가중 방법에 의해 원인별 비례위험모형을 적합한 결과, 인종, 기혼여부, 병기, 분화도, 종양의 크기는 유방암 사망 위험률에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인들이였으며, 병기가 유방암 사망 위험률을 높이는데 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인하였다. 진단시 연령과 종양의 크기는 다른 원인 사망 위험률을 높이는데 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인이였다.

Incidence, Trends and Epidemiology of Cancers in North West of Iran

  • Zahedi, Atefeh;Rafiemanesh, Hosein;Enayatrad, Mostafa;Ghoncheh, Mahshid;Salehiniya, Hamid
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권16호
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    • pp.7189-7193
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    • 2015
  • Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death throughout the world. Increasing life expectancy and aging population are important factors for increasing cancer incidences in developing countries. National programs are essential for prevention and control of cancer in any society. This study aimed to investigate cancer epidemiology and trends in the province of Hamadan, located in Northwest Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical study was carried out based on cancer registry data from 2004 to 2009 in the province of Hamadan, analyzed using STATA (version 12) software for descriptive tests and Join point 4.1.1.1 software for analytical tests. Results: There were 7,767 registered cases of cancer during the 6 years studied. Of the total cases registered, 59.1% (4,592 cases) involved men and 40.9% (3,175 cases) occurred in women. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) increased from 72.9 to 132.0 in males and 48.2 to 115.0 in females during the 6 years of the study (p<0.001). The most common cancers were skin, stomach, breast, bladder, and leukemia. In women, teh most common were breast, skin, stomach, colorectal, and leukemia, in that order, and in men skin, stomach, bladder, leukemia, and prostate cancers. Conclusions: The cancer incidence is greater in men that women in this region but with increasing trends in both sexes. Planning regarding education in prevention of exposure to risk factors and control strategies is required to decrease the incident cases. Screening programs for common cancers in older age groups might be helpful to reduce the disease impact.

Prevalence of osteonecrosis of the jaw and oral characteristics of oncologic patients treated with bisphosphonates at the General Hospital of Mexico

  • Cuevas-Gonzalez, Maria Veronica;Diaz-Aguirre, Celia Minerva;Echevarria-y-Perez, Enrique;Cuevas-Gonzalez, Juan Carlos
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    • 제42권6호
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    • pp.365-369
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    • 2016
  • Objectives: To determine the prevalence and oral characteristics of cancer patients treated with bisphosphonates in the oncology and maxillofacial prosthesis departments of the General Hospital of Mexico between 2011 and 2013. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients who received prior treatment with bisphosphonates; an intraoral examination was performed by 2 standardized examiners. Results: The prevalence of bisphosphonate-related necrosis in 75 patients was 2.6%; the most common malignancy was breast cancer (84.0%), followed by prostate cancer (16.0%). Exostosis was present in 9.3% of patients and the mean Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index was 4.64; 44.0% of the study group had a Community Periodontal Index value between 2 and 2.9 (mean, 0.60). Conclusion: A detailed intraoral assessment must be performed before initiating treatment with bisphosphonates to identify risk factors for osteonecrosis.

세기조절방사선치료 시 치료 부위에 따른 치료계획 시스템 간 선량평가 (Dose Evaluation of TPS according to Treatment Sites in IMRT)

  • 김진만;김종식;홍채선;박주영;박수연;주상규
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.181-186
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    • 2013
  • 목 적: 본 연구는 치료계획 시스템인 $Pinnacle^3$ (version 9.2, Philips Medical Systems, USA)과 Eclipse (version 10.0, Varian Medical Systems, USA)을 이용하여 전립선암과 폐암의 세기조절방사선 치료계획시 불균질 부위의 선량 계산 차이를 알고리즘별로 알아보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 각 5명의 전립선암 및 폐암 환자를 대상으로, 본원 Protocol에 따른 동일한 조건으로 최적화 계산을 진행하였다. 전립선암 환자의 치료계획은 10 MV, 7Beam을 사용하였으며 2.5 Gy씩 28 fx, 총 70 Gy를 동일 처방하였고, 폐암 환자의 치료계획은 6 MV, 6Beam을 사용하였으며 2 Gy씩 33 fx, 총 66 Gy를 동일 처방하였다. 두 치료계획시스템을 통해 CTV, PTV 및 종양주위의 OAR의 최대선량, 평균선량, 최소선량을 비교하였다. 결 과: 전립선암에서 두 치료계획시스템 모두 CTV와 PTV의 선량변화가 2%이내였으며 종양주변 정상 장기(방광, 대퇴골, 직장)도 선량제약조건을 충족하였다. 폐암에서도 CTV와 PTV는 2%이내의 선량변화를 보였고, 정상 장기(식도, 척수, 양측 폐)도 선량제약 조건을 충족하였다. 하지만, Eclipse 치료계획의 최소선량은 CTV에서 1.9%, PTV에서 3.5% 높았고 양측 폐의 경우 V5 Gy에서 3.0% 높은 차이를 보였다. 결 론: 치료부위에 따른 각각의 치료계획시스템은 본원의 선량제한 조건을 모두 만족하여 임상적 정확성을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후 다양한 부위의 치료계획 연구와 치료계획시스템의 적용은 보다 정확한 치료계획을 위한 방법을 제시할 것이라 사료된다.

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Interfraction variation and dosimetric changes during image-guided radiation therapy in prostate cancer patients

  • Fuchs, Frederik;Habl, Gregor;Devecka, Michal;Kampfer, Severin;Combs, Stephanie E.;Kessel, Kerstin A.
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.127-133
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify volume changes and dose variations of rectum and bladder during radiation therapy in prostate cancer (PC) patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 20 patients with PC treated with helical tomotherapy. Daily image guidance was performed. We re-contoured the entire bladder and rectum including its contents as well as the organ walls on megavoltage computed tomography once a week. Dose variations were analyzed by means of Dmedian, Dmean, Dmax, V10 to V75, as well as the organs at risk (OAR) volume. Further, we investigated the correlation between volume changes and changes in Dmean of OAR. Results: During treatment, the rectal volume ranged from 62% to 223% of its initial volume, the bladder volume from 22% to 375%. The average Dmean ranged from 87% to 118% for the rectum and 58% to 160% for the bladder. The Pearson correlation coefficients between volume changes and corresponding changes in Dmean were -0.82 for the bladder and 0.52 for the rectum. The comparison of the dose wall histogram (DWH) and the dose volume histogram (DVH) showed that the DVH underestimates the percentage of the rectal and bladder volume exposed to the high dose region. Conclusion: Relevant variations in the volume of OAR and corresponding dose variations can be observed. For the bladder, an increase in the volume generally leads to lower doses; for the rectum, the correlation is weaker. Having demonstrated remarkable differences in the dose distribution of the DWH and the DVH, the use of DWHs should be considered.

치료테이블과 콜리메이터가 전립선암 래피드아크 치료계획의 선량분포에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Couch and Collimator on Dose Distribution of RapidArc Treatment Planning for Prostate Cancer in Radiation Therapy)

  • 김형동;김병용;김성진;윤상모;김성규
    • 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2012
  • 치료 테이블 회전, 아크 간 콜리메이터 회전 각도가 광자에너지별 전립선암 래피드아크 치료계획의 선량분포에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 6 MV와 10 MV 광자 에너지에 대해 2 아크(two arcs)를 사용하여 아크 간 콜리메이터 각도 차이가 $0^{\circ}$, $15^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $75^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$인 경우와 치료 테이블 회전 유무에 따라 치료계획을 시행하였다. 선량 최적화를 위한 표적 및 중요 장기의 선량 제한치(dose constraints)를 동일하게 적용하여 계산하였고 선량 분포를 평가하기 위해 CI (Conformity index), HI (Homogeneity index), QOC (Quality of Coverage) 등의 정량화된 선량 지표를 구하여 각 치료계획의 최적화 결과를 비교하였다. 그 결과 치료계획표적용적과 중요장기의 선량 지표 차이는 3.6% 이하로 광자에너지, 치료테이블, 아크 간 콜리메이터 각도의 영향은 크지 않았다. 그러나 표적에서 먼 정상조직의 경우 저 선량 영역 차이가 크게 나타났다. 좌우 대퇴골두의 V15%는 6 MV 일 때 각각 6.4%, 5.5% 높았고, 치료테이블 회전 시에는 23.4%, 24.1% 높게 나타났다. 표적에서 먼 영역(Far Region)의 V10%는 6 MV 일 때 54.2 cc, 치료테이블 회전이 없을 때 343.4 cc, 아크 간 콜리메이터 각도가 $0^{\circ}$일 때 457.8 cc 크게 나타났다.

직장풍선을 삽입한 전립선암 환자의 수술 후 방사선 치료 시 용적변조와 세기변조방사선치료계획 비교 평가 (Comparison and evaluation of volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy plans for postoperative radiation therapy of prostate cancer patient using a rectal balloon)

  • 정해윤;석진용;홍주완;장남준;최병돈;박진홍
    • 대한방사선치료학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 2015
  • 목 적 : 전립선암의 방사선치료는 치료기법에 따라 주요장기와 정상조직의 선량분포에 차이가 나타난다. 본 연구에서는 전립선암 환자의 수술 후 방사선치료 시 직장풍선을 삽입한 환자에게 회전수를 달리한 용적변조회전치료(volumetric modulated arc therapy, VMAT)계획과 세기변조방사선치료(intensity modulated radiation therapy, IMRT)계획을 각각 수립하여 선량분포 특성을 비교하고 치료의 효율성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 본원에서 전립선암 수술 후 방사선 치료를 시행한 10명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 직장풍선을 삽입한 환자의 CT영상을 3 mm 두께로 획득하고 Eclipse (Ver 11.0, Varian, Palo Alto, USA)를 사용하여 HD120MLC가 장착된 Truebeam STx (Varian, Palo Alto, USA)의 10 MV 에너지를 적용하였다. 환자마다 1 Arc, 2 Arc VMAT계획과 7조사면의 IMRT계획을 수립하였으며 각 치료계획의 선량체적제한과 plan normalization 값은 동일하게 적용하였다. 수립된 세 가지 치료계획을 평가하기위해 PTV의 coverage, conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI)를 비교하였고, PTV주변 정상조직의 선량퍼짐정도를 알아보기 위해 50% 등선량체적과 PTV체적의 비($R_{50%}$)를 산출하였다. 결정장기 (organ at risk, OAR)에서는 직장의 $D_{25%}$와 방광의 $D_{mean}$을 비교하였고 치료의 효율성을 평가하기 위해서 총 MU와 조사시간을 측정하였으며, 각 평가항목별 결과는 환자 10명의 평균값으로 비교분석하였다. 추가적으로 선량전달 정확도를 검증하기 위해 EPID를 이용한 portal dosimetry를 진행하였다. 결 과 : 각 치료계획에서 나타난 PTV coverage와 HI의 차이는 크지 않았지만 CI는 1A-VMAT, 2A-VMAT, 7F-IMRT에서 각각 1.036, 1.035, 1.230으로 VMAT에 비해 7F-IMRT가 높았고(p=0.00), $R_{50%}$는 3.083, 3.054, 3.991로 2A-VMAT이 제일 낮았고 7F-IMRT에서 가장 높게 나타났다(p=0.00). 치료계획에 따른 직장의 $D_{25%}$는 VMAT에서 비슷했지만 7F-IMRT가 약 7% 높게 나타났고(p=0.02), 방광의 $D_{mean}$은 큰 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 총 MU는 1A-VMAT, 2A-VMAT, 7F-IMRT에서 각각 494.7, 479.7, 757.9로 7F-IMRT가 가장 많았고(p=0.00), 조사시간은 65.2초, 133.1초, 145.5초로 1A-VMAT이 확연히 짧았다(p=0.00). portal dosimetry 검증에서는 모든 치료계획에서 99.5% 이상의 gamma pass rate(2 mm, 2%)을 보였다(P=0.00). 결 론 : 본 연구결과 직장풍선을 삽입한 전립선암 환자의 수술 후 방사선치료 시, 치료기법에 따른 PTV coverage의 차이는 크지 않았지만 1A, 2A-VMAT이 7F-IMRT에 비해 정상조직과 직장선량을 낮추는데 효과적이었다. VMAT중에서는 $R_{50%}$와 MU가 2A-VMAT에서 다소 낮았지만 조사시간이 짧은 1A-VMAT이 치료에 더 효율적이며 환자의 치료 중 움직임 또한 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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Changing Trends of Adult Lymphoma in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - Comparison of Data Sources

  • Rauf, Muhammad Shahzad;Akhtar, Saad;Maghfoor, Irfan
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권5호
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    • pp.2069-2072
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    • 2015
  • Background: Lymphoma is one of the most common malignancies affecting the young Saudi population. This disease has diversified pathologies and clinical stages that necessitate well optimized clinical management. Regular updates of epidemiological behavior of lymphoma from various parts of the world are available but studies from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in this field are not consistent. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the current trends in presentation and distribution of lymphoma with special reference to incidence and mortality, gender, age, histopathological subtypes, and clinical stages at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC). Materials and Methods: Our study included lymphoma data from Saudi Cancer Registry, and relative comparison against KFSH&RC tumor registry data, Gulf country data and International Agency for Research on Cancer data. Results: Common tumors in the West (lung, colon, and prostate) were found to be much less frequent in KSA while leukemia, lymphoma and thyroid cancers were more common. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) ranked 3rd most common cancer with age-adjusted incidence of 6/100,000. Estimated age adjusted mortality was 4/100,000 in KSA. There was a peak rise in incidence of lymphoma in 1997-2007. Most common NHL was diffuse large B cell lymphoma at KFSH&RC. A total of 434 cases were diagnosed in 5 years with 55% of them at advanced stage and 35% demonstrating bulky disease and high risk. KFSH&RC registered 35% of Hodgkins and 21% of total NHL identified in entire Saudi Cancer Registry, 2009. Conclusions: Results of this study are very unique, and reveal diverse trends. The findings provide valuable insights in the understanding of current epidemiological features of lymphoma in this part of the world.

Clinical Features of Patients with Esophageal and Second Primary Cancers

  • Tsai, Huang-Wen;Chang, Chih-Chun;Sun, Jen-Tang;Liou, Ching-Biau;Lin, Hsiu-Chen;Lin, I-Hsin;Yu, Yun-Chieh;Weng, Wei-Ling;Leong, Ka-I;Yen, Tzung-Hai;Wu, Jiann-Ming
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권22호
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    • pp.9831-9834
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    • 2014
  • Background: The prevalence of esophageal cancer (EC) with second primary cancers (SPC) is increasing worldwide. This study was aimed to understand the clinical features of EC patients with SPC in the Taiwanese population. Materials and Methods: Clinical and laboratory data for 180 EC patients with or without SPC were collected between January 2009 and December 2013. Information on treatment approaches, location of SPCs and ABO blood type were also collected and stratified. Results: The most common SPC in EC patients was hypopharyngeal cancer, followed by laryngeal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma in our study. Malignancies of colon, prostate and lung were also found. There was a significant higher portion of blood type A in the EC patients with SPC compared with those without (42.4% vs 19.5%, P=0.006). Conclusions: The frequency and SPC site distribution and blood type A should be considered in clinical evaluation of EC patients with a high risk of developing SPC in the Taiwanese population.