• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2007

Chronic inflammation has been known to have a close relationship with several diseases including periodontitis, colitis, hepatitis and arthritis. Recently anti-inflammatory agents have been developed from marine natural resources. In this study, Ecklonia cava (EC) was found to have anti-inflammatory effect. Ethanolic extract of EC belonging to brown algae exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin-$1{\beta}$, interleukin-6 and prostaglandin $E_2$ by RA W264.7 cells. Furthermore, in reporter gene assay and western blot analysis, EC extract exerted anti-inflammatory effect via inactivation of NF-${\kappa}B$ transcription factor that regulates the expression of these inflammatory mediators in macrophages. In addition, EC extract inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinase that play an important role in chronic inflammation. These results suggest that EC extract may provide a pharmaceutical potential in inhibiting chronic inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.755-761
• /
• 2010

The quinone reductase (QR) inducing activities of mung bean and soybean solvent extracts were compared using murine hepatoma cells (Hepa 1c1c7). The mung bean extracts (ethylacetate and ethanol) showed higher chemoprevention index values (7.88-8.22) than those of soybean extracts (2.9-5.2) from four different cultivars. The mung bean extracts also had significantly higher inhibitory effects (47-62% at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL) than the soybean extracts (15-42% at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL) against the production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in lipopolysccharide stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. Among seven recovered fractions of mung bean ethanol extract obtained by C 18 silica flash column chromatography, the most non-polar fraction exhibited the highest chemoprevention index of 10.4.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.1051-1056
• /
• 2006

Rehmanniae radix preparata is the root of Rehmanniae glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurea Makino which has been classified into Scrophulariaceae. Rehmanniae radix preparata has been used for the treatment of diabetes, for the relief of the pain, and for the anti-oxidative action. In this study, the effect of the aqueous extract of Rehmanniae radix preparata on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation was investigated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, prostaglandin E2 immunoassay, and nitric oxide (NO) detection in mouse BV2 microglial cells. In the present results, the aqueous extract of Rehmanniae radix preparata suppressed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and nitric oxide production by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA and protein in mouse BV2 cells. These results show that Rehmanniae radix preparata exerts anti-inflammatory effect probably by suppressing of COX-2 and iNOS expressions.

• Intestinal research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2017

Background/Aims: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGEs-1) regulate prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) expression and are involved in colon carcinogenesis. We investigated the expression of $PGE_2$ and its regulating genes in sporadic human colon tumors and matched normal tissues. Methods: Twenty colonic adenomas and 27 colonic adenocarcinomas were evaluated. COX-2 and 15-PGDH expression was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression of $PGE_2$ and mPGEs-1 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting, respectively. Results: The expression of COX-2, mPGEs-1, and $PGE_2$ did not differ between the adenomas and matched distant normal tissues. 15-PGDH expression was lower in adenomas than in the matched normal colonic tissues (P<0.001). In adenocarcinomas, mPGEs-1 and $PGE_2$ expression was significantly higher (P<0.001 and P=0.020, respectively), and COX-2 expression did not differ from that in normal tissues (P=0.207). 15-PGDH expression was significantly lower in the normal colonic mucosa from adenocarcinoma patients than in the normal mucosa from adenoma patients (P=0.018). Conclusions: Early inactivation of 15-PGDH, followed by activation of COX-2 and mPGEs-1, contributes to $PGE_2$ production, leading to colon carcinogenesis. 15-PGDH might be a novel candidate marker for early detection of field defects in colon carcinogenesis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.53 no.5
• /
• pp.307-316
• /
• 2023

Objective: To evaluate the effects of an electric toothbrush with vibrational frequencies of 125 Hz and 150 Hz on the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rate and the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Methods: Out of thirty patients (aged 18-25 years; 16 females and 14 males), ten patients each formed Group A and B, who used electric toothbrushes with 125 Hz and 150 Hz vibrations, respectively. The remaining ten patients (Group C) served as the control group and did not use electric toothbrushes. The rate of OTM and levels of PGE2 using microcapillary pipettes were calculated before the start of retraction (T0), on the 30th day (T1), on the 60th day (T2), and on the 90th day (T3) from the start of retraction in all the groups. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the mean OTM values and PGE2 levels in all three groups at different time intervals, with the maximum difference seen in Group B compared to Group A and least in Group C at T1, T2 and T3. Conclusions: The rate of OTM and levels of PGE2 were highest in patients who used an electric toothbrush with 150 Hz mechanical vibration compared to those who used an electric toothbrush with 125 Hz mechanical vibration and least in patients who did not use an electric toothbrush. Mechanical vibration led to an increase in the PGE2 levels and accelerated the OTM.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2022.09a
• /
• pp.90-90
• /
• 2022

Pueraria flos and Adzuki Beans contains several bioactive compounds, such as saponin, oleanolic acid, and flavone. Pueraria flos and Adzuki Beans has traditionally been used to treat disorders of antioxidant activity, diabetes and liver detoxication, and it has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, complex saponin were validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated. In this study, to determine anti-inflammatory activity of complex saponin separated from Pueraria flos and Adzuki Beans mixture extract on nitric oxide and prostaglandinE₂ assay. The anti-inflammatory activities of complex saponin separated from Pueraria flos and Adzuki Beans mixture extract were evaluated for inhibitory activities against lipopolysacchride induced nitric oxide and prostaglandinE₂ production protein expressions in RAW264.7 cell lines. The complex saponin separated from Pueraria flos and Adzuki Beans mixture extract inhibitory activity for both tests with protein high depressions(%) values showed in the ranges of 50~100 ㎍/ml. Overall, prostaglandinE₂ tests had a higher inhibitory effect on inflammation than nitricoxide tests. Theseis result suggest a potential role of complex saponin separated from Pueraria flos and Adzuki Beans mixture extract as source of anti-inflammation agent.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.201-205
• /
• 2014

Smilacina japonica is a localized common rhizomatous flowering plant, This plant is often used in Korean traditional systems of medicine as a remedy for migrain, diplegia, physical impurity, blood circulation, abscess and contusion. Generally drugs that are used for arthritis have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. However, validity of the anti-inflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of S. japonica using the ethanolic extract and its subfractions. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects, we examined the inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results indicated that hexane fraction significantly inhibited the LPS induced NO and $PGE_2$ production in the cells. The hexane fractions inhibitory activity for NO tests with $IC_{50}$ values showed in $53.3{\mu}g/ml$ and $PGE_2$ tests with $IC_{50}$ values showed at $32.5{\mu}g/ml$. Theseis result suggest a potential role of hexane fraction from S. japonica as source of anti-inflammatory agent.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
• /
• 1988.08a
• /
• pp.77-80
• /
• 1988

The effects of ginseng saponins and some phenolic acids on the in vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandins was examined in order to identify the role of some ginseng components on the regulaion of arachidonic acid metabolism. The productions of prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2).$ prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}(PGF_2{\alpha}).$ thromboxane $B_2(TxB_2)$ and 6-keto-prostaglandin $F_1{\alpha}(6-keto-PGF_1{\alpha})$ from $[^3H]-arachidonic$ acid were evaluated with rabbit kidney microsome. human platelet homogenate and bovine aortic microsome. The amounts of the total cyclooxy-genase products from arachidonic acid did't show significant changes in the presence of ginseng saponins. Panaxadiol. panaxatriol and all of the ginsenosides used in these experiments reduced the formation of $TxB_2.$ while increased the $6-keto-PGF_1{\alpha}$ production dose dependently. Ginseng saponins did't inhibit the ADP($10{\mu}M$) induced platelet aggregation. but sodium arachidonate (0.5 mM) induced platelet aggregation. but sodium arachidonate (0.5 mM) induced platelet aggregation was signiticantly inhibited. These findings suggest that ginseng saponins seem to playa role in the regulation of the arachidonate metabolism. probably by affecting the divergent biosynthetic pathway of prostaglandins from endoperoxide.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.1374-1377
• /
• 2004

The present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of estrus induction and superovulation in a native Indian breed of goats called 'Black Bengal'. Forty-two adult non-pregnant females were divided in two groups, of which 18 goats were subjected to a superovulatory treatment comprising of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), Prostaglandin (PGF2$\alpha$) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce superovulation. The remaining 24 goats received no treatment and served as controls for the parameter under study as well as recipients for embryo transfer studies. The average duration of estrus was found to be significantly increased in treated goats (34.2${\pm}$3.4 h) compared to controls 3.0${\pm}$2.4 h). The average duration between PGF administration and occurrence of estrus was 2.0${\pm}$5.2 h. After mid ventral laparotomy, superovulatory responses indicated a significant increase in the number of follicles, which was 8.27${\pm}$0.37 in the treatment group compared to 4.16${\pm}$0.17 in the control group. The number of corpora lutea was also significantly increased in treated animals compared to control (2.90${\pm}$0.86 vs. 0.74${\pm}$0.04) respectively per ovary per goat.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.145
• /
• pp.85-91
• /
• 2006

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) on the male sexual functions. EPO (daily 0.5 ml/mouse) was orally intubated for 28 consecutive days to experimental ICR mice, and same vol. of vehicle to control mice. On the 14th and 28th experimental day, the testis weight, number of complete intromissions and mating, serum testosterone and cGMP levels, prostaglandin leveIs of penile corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells, and NO-productive activity of endothelial cells were determined. The weight of body and testis, the number of complete intromissions during the 3hour period were somewhat increased in EPO treated mice than those of control. The number of sperm-positive females and testosterone level in serum were increased in experimental groups. The serum cGMP level was significantly increased but the NO production of ionomycin-stimulated HUVEC cells was not affected when EPO was added into cultures. These results suggest that oral administration of EPO enhanced the sexual functions of male mice, and EPO could be developed as a tonic improving sexual functions.