• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2020

Purpose : Proprioceptive position sense plays a key role in providing joint stability, and multiple factors are related to proprioceptive position sense. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of body composition, particularly skeletal muscle mass on proprioceptive position sense following muscle fatigue. Methods : Healthy female subjects agreed to have their body composition analyzed. Only subjects who had 18.5-22.9 kg/㎡ of BMI (body mass index) were included in this study, and the participants were divided into two groups by skeletal muscle mass level. The experimental group had a level of skeletal muscle lower than the standard level (n=9), while the control group showed a standard or high level of skeletal muscle mass (n=11). To determine the change in proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint, the absolute angle error (AAE) was evaluated following muscle fatigue on low extremity. The muscle fatigue was induced by isokinetic resistance exercise program of Biodex system. AAE was measured by the Biodex system and compared the result before and after muscle fatigue. Results : The experimental group showed a significant AAE difference between before (3.16±2.48 °) and after (5.40±2.61 °) muscle fatigue. In addition, there was a AAE difference between the experimental (5.40±2.61 °) and control groups (3.53±1.67 °) after fatigue; however, there was no significance. Those results indicated that low level of skeletal muscle mass might influence the proprioceptive position sense of the knee joint after muscle fatigue. Conclusion : Thus, maintaining the proper level of skeletal muscle mass is pivotal to reduce the risk of injury following muscle fatigue in ADL or sport activities.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.2345-2353
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• 2021

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of upper thoracic manipulation (UTM) and proprioceptive training versus proprioceptive training alone on forward head posture (FHP) and cervicocephalic joint position sense (CJPS) in asymptomatic university students during a short interval of time. Objectives: To evaluate whether the suggested combination would provide greater benefit, and be superior to proprioceptive training alone in improving proprioceptive acuity and head posture. Design: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty-three university student volunteers with asymptomatic FHP were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to a manipulation group (n=16) receiving UTM combined with proprioceptive training or a proprioception group (n=17) receiving proprioceptive training only. The intervention period lasted 5 weeks in total, and consisted of one 15 to 20-minute session per week. FHP and CJPS were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: A significant pre- to post-intervention decrease in FHP and joint position error was identified in both groups (P<.05). Subjects in the manipulation group demonstrated greater improvements in CJPS and head posture compared to the proprioception group (P<.05). Conclusion: These findings support employing either intervention for treating asymptomatic students with FHP. However, the addition of UTM to proprioceptive training was more effective than proprioceptive training alone in reducing joint position errors and improving head posture.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.170-173
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• 2014

In order to assess the impact of proprioceptive exercises on the position sense ability of the knee joint, we conducted an analysis using Biodex System $3pro^{(R)}$, targeting 42 ordinary people (male=22, female=20). After applying proprioceptive exercise, we measured changes in balance and flexibility, and active articular position sense (AAPS), depending on gender. To find out the change in each measurement item variable, we carried out dependent t-tests. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. The research showed that after applying the proprioceptive exercise, AAPS was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). In the case of women, the flexibility was significantly improved (p<.01). Also, the balance was significantly improved for both men and women (p<.01). Therefore, the proprioceptive exercise program is considered to be very useful in improving muscle and joint function, and preventing injuries. Thus, continuous clinical studies using Biodex system $3pro^{(R)}$ are required for a variety of scientific evaluations of proprioceptive skills.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.414-418
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• 2012

Purpose: Muscle fatigue affects proprioception, and it causes problems in spinal stability. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on the accuracy of reproducing the lumbar angles before lumbar exercise and after fatiguing isokinetic lumbar exercise. Methods: Thirty healthy adults participated in this study. Before induction of fatigue by exercise, the proprioception was measured by Biodex. Lumbar positions were passively maintained on stimulation position ($25^{\circ}$ flexion and $25^{\circ}$ extension), and back to the starting position. Subjects actively repositioned the remembered stimulation position, and error degrees between the stimulation position and reposition were measured. Using an isokinetic device at $120^{\circ}$/sec of velocity of angle lumbar flexion/extension exercise resulted in muscle fatigue. The post-fatigue proprioceptive position sense was used in the same way as in pre-fatigue measurement. Results: Means of position sense of pre-fatigue were $2.19{\pm}1.97$ on flexion angle, and $5.04{\pm}2.84$ on extension angle. After exercise induced fatigue, means of position sense were $2.37{\pm}1.83$ on flexion angle, and $4.93{\pm}2.57$ on extension angle. Results of this study showed significant differences of lumbar proprioceptive position sense between pre- and post-fatigue. Conclusion: Lumbar proprioception sense in active repositioning in flexion and extension was affected in the presence of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it should be noted that therapeutic exercise for patients with abnormal proprioceptive sense or elderly people must be performed with care because muscle fatigue can cause secondary damage.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.54-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Most studies have reported pain in the head-neck and upper-limbs according to smartphone usage, which is related to the proprioception sense in the head and neck, but there have been few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was identify the adverse effects of the proprioceptive sense in the head-neck according to smartphone usage. Methods: Twenty-seven young adults (male: 9, female: 18) were enrolled in this study. The proprioceptive sense was measured through the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck during smartphone usage for 0, 5, and 20 minutes. The Noraxon MyoMotion system was used to record the joint position angle and neutral positon in the head-neck. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to identify the differences between the three smartphone use durations and the least-squares difference was used as a post hoc test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck were significantly different among the 0, 5, and 20 minutes of smartphone usage (p<0.05). In the post hoc test, the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error showed a significant difference between smartphone use for 0 minute and 5 minute, and between smartphone use for 0 minute and 20 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that smartphone use within 5 minutes can have adverse effects on the proprioceptive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate use time and break time when using smart phones.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and taping interventions on balance ability, joint position sense, and ankle joint strength. Methods: Thirty subjects who had experienced an ankle sprain within the previous 3 months participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to a PNF group (n=15) or a taping group (n=15). Before and after the interventions, ankle dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion strength, joint position error, and total center of pressure movements in one leg while in a standing position were measured. Results: Regardless of the group allocation, ankle dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion strength significantly improved after the interventions (p<0.05). Compared to preintervention measurements, joint position errors were significantly reduced postintervention (p<0.05). The PNF intervention significantly decreased the total lateral movement of the center of pressure in the one leg standing condition (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both PNF and taping interventions improved joint position sense and ankle joint strength. In common with the findings of a previous study, the PNF intervention improved balance ability. Further study is required to investigate the effects of various PNF and taping interventions on ankle performance in subjects with chronic ankle sprains.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether age, body mass index(BMI) and exercise frequency(EF) are correlated with knee joint position sense in healthy women. Methods : Healthy women of 150 who participated in this study were tested knee joint position sense; each reposition error was analyzed according to the age, BMI and EF. Reposition error was measured with a Myrin goniometer. Results : The age groups, BMI groups and EF groups demonstrated significant differences of the knee joint position sense. The older the healthy women are, the higher BMI is, and the lower EF is, the more decreased knee joint position sense has become. Conclusion : The older the women are, the higher BMI is, and the lower EF is, the more decreased the knee joint position sense in healthy women is. Therefore it needs to be considered to require management of obesity and regular exercise for prevention of knee injuries due to decreased joint position sense.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of proprioceptive exercise (PE) using a trampoline and a balance board on a balance ability after stroke. Method : Sixteen chronic stroke patients participated. Participants were randomly assigned to the PE group or control group (8 experimental, 8 control). All of participants were in-patients at local rehabilitation centre and had been receiving a traditional rehabilitation program, five days a week. The PE group have additionally undergone for four weeks, three days a week, the PE using a trampoline and a balance board under supervision by a physical therapist but control group was not received any additional program except the traditional rehabilitation program. The position sense test used to assess a proprioceptive sense at a knee joint. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test to measure the balance ability were carried out before and after the training. Result : After the training the error of position sense at knee joint of PE group significantly decreased compared to the control group. The PE group demonstrated a significant improvement in the scores of the BBS and TUG. Conclusion : The present study suggests that the PE program using a trampoline and balance board may become a useful tool for enhancing a balance ability in chronic stroke patients through the ennced proprioceptive position senses.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.1383-1389
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• 2013

This research was conducted to see the correlation between changes of ankle Joint Position Sense and Sway Area through Unstable Surface training. For the study, 48 healthy males and females were randomly divided into an unstable surface group(n=24) and a stable surface group(n=24). Then, they were asked to carry out the same exercise program three times a week for six weeks. The unstable surface group and stable surface group performed the exercise program on the balance exercise pad and on the hard ground, respectively. As a result, the unstable surface group displayed significantly reduced error of ankle joint position sense and sway area(p<.05). Moreover, a significant correlation between variances of ankle joint position sense and sway area was only found in the unstable surface group. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between changes of ankle joint position sense and sway area through proprioceptive sense training on the unstable surface.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2212-2218
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different sitting postures on range of motion, strength and proprioceptive sense of neck. Fifteen healthy university students participated in the study. Depending on upright sitting position and slump sitting position, range of motion and joint position sense were measured by using Dualer IQ. Also, the maximum isometric strength and force sense were measured by using linear force. As a result, we found that the maximum angle of neck extension and the maximum isometric strength at flexion were significantly higher in upright posture than in slump posture. Also, the maximum angle of neck flexion and the maximum isometric strength at extension were higher in slump posture than in upright posture. According to the result, proper proprioception can have an beneficial effect on postural revision of neck and body by providing the information that cognize the position of head through and sustain upright posture.