• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2023

Purpose: The study aims to examine the effects of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and scrambler therapy on pain, range of motion (ROM), and shoulder dysfunction in breast cancer patients. Methods: In total, 30 breast cancer patients were recruited and randomized to group I (n = 10), group II (n = 10), and group III (n = 10). Pain was measured using a visual analogue scale, ROM was measured using a goniometer, and shoulder dysfunction was measured using a shoulder pain and disability index. Group I practiced the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and underwent scrambler therapy, group II underwent scrambler therapy only, and group III practiced the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise only. Results: A within-groups comparison showed that all groups demonstrated significant differences in pain, ROM, and shoulder dysfunction after the experiment (p<0.05). Further, according to a comparison of the three groups, group I showed a more significant difference in effectiveness than groups II and III in terms of pain, ROM, and shoulder dysfunction before and after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise and scrambler therapy are effective in treating pain, ROM issues, and shoulder dysfunction in breast cancer patients.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 2006

Objectives: To review recent findings from physiologic research about the nature of proprioceptive spinal reflex, proposed explanation for mechanisms of musculoskeletal problems associated with propriceptive dysfunction and techniques controlling this problem. Methods: MEDLINE databases were searched using various combinatins of the keywords proprioception, spinal reflex, somata-somatic reflex, spinal manipulation, muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organ, along with searching the related articles and textbooks. Results and Conclusion: Proprioceptors(muscle spindle, Golgi-tendon organs) monitor the position of joints, tension in tendons and ligaments, and the state of muscular contraction. Disturbed activity of proprioceptive spinal reflex can cause chronic state of increased muscle stiffness, pain, deficiencies both in muscle coordination and propioception, and so on. All kinds of techniques that control proprioceptive primary afferent neurons can affect the motor control system and evoke changes in the neuromuscular system.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.54-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Most studies have reported pain in the head-neck and upper-limbs according to smartphone usage, which is related to the proprioception sense in the head and neck, but there have been few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was identify the adverse effects of the proprioceptive sense in the head-neck according to smartphone usage. Methods: Twenty-seven young adults (male: 9, female: 18) were enrolled in this study. The proprioceptive sense was measured through the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck during smartphone usage for 0, 5, and 20 minutes. The Noraxon MyoMotion system was used to record the joint position angle and neutral positon in the head-neck. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to identify the differences between the three smartphone use durations and the least-squares difference was used as a post hoc test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck were significantly different among the 0, 5, and 20 minutes of smartphone usage (p<0.05). In the post hoc test, the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error showed a significant difference between smartphone use for 0 minute and 5 minute, and between smartphone use for 0 minute and 20 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that smartphone use within 5 minutes can have adverse effects on the proprioceptive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate use time and break time when using smart phones.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2006

Purpose : The purposes of this study were to test the effect of proprioceptive and vestibular sensory input on expression of BDNF after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Subject : The control group was sacrificed at 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. The experimental group I was housed in standard cage for 7 days. The experimental group II was housed in standard cage after intervention to proprioceptive and vestibular sensory(balance training) for 7 days. Method : Traumatic brain injury was induced by weight drop model and after operation they were housed in individual standard cages for 24 hours. After 7th day, rats were sacrificed and cryostat coronal sections were processed individual1y in goat polyclonal anti-BDNF antibody. The morphologic characteristics and the BDNF expression were investigated in injured hemisphere section and contralateral brain section from immunohistochemistry using light microscope. Result : The results of this experiment were as follows: 1. In control group, cell bodies in lateral nucleus of cerebellum, superior vestibular nucleus, purkinje cell layer of cerebellum and pontine nucleus changed morphologically. 2. The expression of BDNF in contralateral hemisphere of group II were revealed. 3. On 7th day after operation, immunohistochemical response of BDNF in lateral nucleus, superior vestibular nucleus, purkinje cell layer and pontine nucleus appeared in group II. Conclusion : The present results revealed that intervention to proprioceptive and vestibular sensory input is enhance expression of BDNF and it is useful in neuronal reorganization improvement after traumatic brain injury.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Rhythmic Stabilization(RS) and Combination of Isotonic(CI) of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on balance in patients with hemiplegia. Methods : Ten patients with hemiplegia were trained with RS and CI for six weeks. Two Standard Scale(TSS), Functional Reach Test(FRT), Time Up and Go test(TUG) and Berg Balance Scale(BBS) were used to prove their improvement of balance. Results : Body weight bearing decreased on less affected side and increased on more affected side. Distance of forward reaching for FRT increased. Time for TUG decreased. BBS score increased. They all showed significant difference. Conclusion : This study suggests that balance training with RS and CI of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation improved balance in patients with hemiplegia.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.225-232
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on the lower extremity function of chronic stroke patients. Methods: The participants consist of 26 chronic stroke patients. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=13) or a control group (n=13) and engaged in exercise three times per week for eight weeks. The experimental group engaged in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises and the control group engaged in general mat exercises. To measure lower extremity strength, the sit to stand test and the static balance test (standing on one leg) were used. To measure the stability index (SI) and weight distribution index (WDI), a Tetrax Portable Multiple System (Tetrax Ltd, Israel) was used in addition to a static balance test (standing on one leg). Results: : Lower extremity strength and static balance showed a significant improvement in the experimental group (p<.05). The SI and WDI were significantly improved in the experimental group (p<.05) for tests of standing with their eyes open, standing with their eyes closed, and standing on a sponge with their eyes open. Conclusion: Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercises have confirmed that lower extremity function improves after exercise interventions in chronic stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of closed kinematic chain exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise on the static dynamic balance performance of hemiplegic patients in order to suggest them therapeutic intervention methods. Methods : The subjects of this study were 18 hemiplegic patients grouped into 2 subgroups according to the exercise program. one group of closed kinematic chain exercise carried out sit to stand, Hooklying with pelvic lift(bridging) and stair-up & down by a hemiplegic leg. The other group of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise carried out leg flexion-extension pattern in supine position, leg flexion pattern in standing and stabilizing reversal exercise in stating position. Each exercise was carried out over 3 sets of 10reps. Results : The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. For both groups, there were statistically significant changes in the static balance (FICSIT-4) performance after exercise program (p<.05). 2. For both groups, there were statistically significant changes in the dynamic balance (FSST, TUG, FRT) performance after exercise program (p<.05). 3. In the comparison between both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in the static dynamic balance performance (FICSIT-4, FSST, TUGT, ER) after exercise program. Conclusion : As the results of the study shows closed kinematic chain exercise and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise affect the improvement of hemiplegic patients'' static dynamic balance performance, it is supposed that these exercises could be therapeutic exercise program in clinical situations.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2013

Some patients with leprosy may present with atypical features, such as isolated peripheral neuropathy without skin lesions, or marked proprioceptive dysfunction. We report a 56-year-old female who presented with predominant proprioceptive loss without skin lesion, but was finally confirmed as leprous neuropathy by sural nerve biopsy. It is postulated that large myelinated fibers were affected by chronic immunological reactions triggered by inactive bacterial particles, producing a peripheral neuropathy presenting as predominant proprioceptive sensory loss without typical skin lesions.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.600-604
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to implement a program of combined muscle stregth and proprioceptive exercises and to examine the impacts of these exercises on functional ankle instability(FAI). Experiments were conducted with 30 adult males and females in their 20s, and the exercise programs were implemented three days per week for four weeks. FAI was defined as a feeling of giving way after an ankle sprain and having a Cumberland ankle instability tool score of 24 points or less. The study subjects were randomly assigned to either a control group, a muscle-strengthening exercise group, or a combined muscle-strengthening and proprioceptive exercise group consisting of 10 subjects each. A Biodex isokinetic dynamometer was used to assess the subjects'ankle strength at selected speeds of $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$. The peak torque % body weight showed significant differences in plantar flexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion. There were also significant differences in proprioception. The results suggest that applying combined muscle-strength and proprioceptive exercises to subjects with FAI is a more effective intervention than applying only muscle-strengthening exercises.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

Background: It has been proposed that proprioceptive input can modulate neural excitability in both primary motor cortices (M1) simultaneously, although direct evidence for this is still lacking. Previous studies showed that proprioceptive accuracy of one hand is reduced after the application of one-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for 15 minutes over the contralateral somatosensory cortex. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rTMS-induced central proprioceptive deafferentation to excitability of both M1 as reflected in ipsilateral and contralateral motor evoked potentials (MEP). Methods: MEPs of both abductor pollicis bravis (APB) muscles were recorded using single-pulse TMS over right M1 in seven healthy subjects. Immediately after one-Hz rTMS was applied for 15 minutes over the right somatosensory cortex, the MEP measurement was repeated. The proprioceptive function of the left thumb was assessed, before and after rTMS, using a position-matching task. Results: There was an increase in ipsilateral MEP after the rTMS: whereas no MEPs were recorded on the ipsilateral hand before the rTMS, MEPs were recorded in both ipsilateral and contralateral hand in three of seven subjects. At the same time, the mean log amplitude was reduced and the mean latency was prolonged in the contralateral MEP. Conclusions: rTMS-induced central proprioceptive deafferentation reduces the MEP generation in the contralateral hand, and fascilitates that in the ipsilateral hand. A further study with a larger sample seems warranted to confirm this finding and to elucidate the neurophysiology underlying it.