• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1042-1045
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• 2009

A commercial propolis was investigated in terms of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activities. The contents of total phenol and flavonoid of propolis were 8.3 and 6.6 mg, respectively. The reducing power of the propolis increased with concentration increasing. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was shown at 82.70% in 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$ of the propolis. 2,2'-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging effect of antioxidant activity on the propolis was 35.64 g/sample. The propolis showed high antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus at all concentration of propolis. All of the cancer cell lines have 53-73% as effective growth inhibition. These results showed that the commercial propolis has potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cancer cell proliferative inhibition activities thus, propolis can be applied to the functional food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industry.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2012

It is desirable that a wound healing membrane acts as a barrier for coverage of a damaged skin and has the biological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we prepared the hydrogel film containing the propolis nanoparticles as a wound healing membrane. The propolis nanoparticles were prepared by incorporation of propolis into the hydrophobic core of ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin. The incorporation efficiency of propolis in the nanoparticles was $50{\pm}2.3%$. Propolis nanoparticles observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were spherical with the size of 30~40 nm. The swelling behaviors of the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles showed a similar pattern with the hydrogel film without propolis nanoparticles. The cumulative amount of propolis released from the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles in the buffer of pH 7.4 and 5.5 was $86.0{\pm}2.0%$ and $64.6{\pm}1.0%$ of total propolis loaded in the hydrogel film within 9 h, respectively. These results provide a rationale for studying wound healing application of the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles in a clinical setting.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2014

Propolis extracts는 다양한 성분으로 구성되어 있는 수지상의 혼합물로서 여러 약리작용을 보여주기 때문에 민간요법으로 널리 이용되어왔다. 특히 propolis extracts는 독성이 거의 없다는 장점 때문에 면역증강제재로서 활용가능성이 높게 평가되고 있다. 이에 본 실험에서는 대상으로 in vitro 및 in vivo상에서 propolis extracts가 양식넙치 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. In vitro상에서 propolis extracts가 PBL의 탐식능 및 NBT assay활성능에 미치는 영향을 조사 한 바 유효농도는 $50{\sim}150{\mu}g/ml$ 이었으며, 가장 활성이 높은 농도는 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 이었다. In vivo상에서 양식넙치에 propolis extracts를 단독 또는 S. iniae 불활화 균액과 혼합하여 어체에 투여 후에 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Haematocrit치는 propolis extracts단독 및 vaccine과 혼합 처리 할때 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그렇지만, 혈청 lysozyme과 신장대식세포의 탐식능, 활성산소 환원능 및 항체가는 propolis extracts+vaccine 투여구에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들에 의하여 propolis extracts는 양식넙치에서 특이적 및 비특이적 면역증강작용이 우수하므로 향후 양식어류에 있어서 비특이적 면역증강 물질 및 adjuvant로 활용가능성이 기대되어진다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2016

Propolis is a resinous material collected by honeybees from several plant sources. This research aimed at showing its protective effect against UVA-induced apoptosis of human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Using Hoechst staining, it was demonstrated that propolis (5 and $10{\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited the apoptosis of HaCaT cells induced by UVA-irradiation. Propolis also showed the protective effect against loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by UVA-irradiaiton in HaCaT cells. Propolis also inhibited the expression of activated caspase-3 induced by UVA-irradiation. To investigate the role of ROS in UVA-induced apoptosis and protection by propolis, the generation of ROS was determined in cells. The results showed that the generation of ROS was markedly reduced in cells pretreated with propolis. Consequently, propolis protected human keratinocyte HaCaT cells against UVA-induced apoptosis, which might be related to the reduction of ROS generation by UVA-irradiation.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.93-95
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• 2002

The antifungal activities of propolis on Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans were evaluated. In microbroth culture assay, the MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) of propolis for C. neoformans and C. albicans were 2 and 16 mg/ml, respectively. In propolis-included solid medium assay, the MIC of propolis for C. neoformans and C. albicans were 4 and 16 mg/ml, respectively. Propolis showed fungicidal activity against C. neoformans, whereas propolis possesed fungistatic activity against C. albicans. The MFC(minimum fungicidal concentration) for C. neoformans was 8 mg/ml. Cell morphology of C. neoformans was affected by treatment of propolis. In scanning electron microscope, the appearance of cell rupture was observed.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.391-394
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• 2017

Propolis is made by bees collecting protective material or essence of plants and mixing with saliva and enzymes produced by the salivary glands. It is used to repair the inside of the honeycomb, keep it sterile, and adjust the temperature and humidity. Propolis is a natural antibiotic substance that it is used to make a clean room by coating the cell before the queen bee lay eggs, and preventing the bacteria from invading by using with wax when sealing the nursery room. Propolis extract is a health functional food with antioxidant and oral antimicrobial effects. In order to use propolis in food, its active ingredients are extracted with ethanol. Water-soluble propolis was prepared by mixing and stirring honey and ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) solution. When 1kg of honey and 100ml of ethanol extracted propolis solution were mixed and stirred, the total flavonoid content of water-soluble propolis was $6.6{\pm}1.1mg/10g$, and the free radical scavenging effects of water-soluble propolis were 54 to 74%.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

The optimal concentration of ethanol to separate a high quantity of propolis was $60\%$ but that for the best flavonoids extraction was $80\%$ We compared the yields of propolis from different countries. In this study we used $60\%$ ethanol concentration as a standard. The yield of propolis was proportional to the contents of flavonoids. Namely, Polish propolis which showed the highest yield with $56\%$ by the extraction with $60\%$ ethanol revealed also the highest flavonoids content with $3.49\%$ among all the samples tested The major constituents of propolis differed from country to country. It has been suggested that the different geographical origin influenced the efficacy and the constituents of propolis. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracted propolis from different countries was tested against 6 microbial strains of type cultures including Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram- negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and E coli) in vitro. Propolis extract showed anti-microbial activity against all the tested bacterial strains. In addition, propolis was sensitive to E coli which was resistant to broad spectrum antibiotics like ampicillin. These results showed that propolis may substituted for commercial antibiotics. The efficiency of anti-microbial activity of the propolis was slightly higher in $80\%$ than $97\%$ ethanol extract.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.356-360
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• 1999

프로폴리스 처리가 마른 오징어의 품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 수분함량 29% 내외의 마른 오징어를 조제하고 0.25% 및 0.5% propolis를 처리하여 저장 중 총균수, TBA가 및 갈변도를 측정하였다. Propolis 처리 오징어는 총균수에서 저장 30일경 $72{\sim}80$마리/g로 대조구 보다 30배 이상 낮게 나타났으며 TBA가의 경우 propolis 처리 오징어는 시판 오징어 보다 $0.1{\sim}0.2$ 정도 적은 값으로 약 $15{\sim}25%$ 낮은 수준을 유지하였다. 한편 propolis 처리 오징어와 시판 오징어의 갈색도는 저장 기간에 따라 큰 차이는 없었으나 propolis 처리구는 대조구에 비해 L값이 높고 a값 및 ${\delta}E$값이 낮게 나타나 propolis 처리구의 갈색도가 시판 오징어에 비해 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 프로포리스는 수분함량을 높혀 조직감을 개선한 오징어의 품질을 유지하는데 응용가치가 높은 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2001

본 연구는 벌집에서 얻어지는 프로폴리스의 플라보노이드 함유량을 조사하였다. UV spectrophotometer를 이용한 총플라보노이드는 예천, 영월, 브라질, 호주, 중국이 각각 6.33, 6.42, 2.44, 8.11, 6.52mg/g이었다. HPLC를 이용한 플라보노이드 분석 결과, p-courmaric acid는 예천, 5.58, 그리고 영월이 6.84mg/100g 이었다. 그러나 예천 및 영월의 프로폴리스에서는 luteolin이 검출되지 않았다. Quercetin은 영월, 예천에서 0.41∼0.53%이었으며, t-cinnamic acid는 브라질이 7.92%, quercitrin은 중국이 8.74%로 가장 높았다. 또한 중국산 프로폴리스에서는 t-cinnamic acid가 검출되지 않았다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6991-6995
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• 2013

Antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid compounds and cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines of propolis extracts from two extraction methods were investigated in this study. Propolis was collected from Phayao province and extracted with 70% ethanol using maceration and sonication techniques. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also determined. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of propolis was evaluated using MTT assay. The percentage propolis yield after extraction using maceration (18.1%) was higher than using sonication (15.7%). Nevertheless, antioxidant and flavonoid compounds of the sonication propolis extract were significant greater than using maceration. Propolis extract from sonication showed antioxidant activity by $3.30{\pm}0.15$ mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract. Total phenolic compound was $18.3{\pm}3.30$ mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract and flavonoid compound was $20.49{\pm}0.62$ mg quercetin/g extract. Additionally, propolis extracts from two extraction methods demonstrated the inhibitory effect on proliferation of A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines at 24, 48 and 72 hours in a dose-dependent manner. These results are of interest for the selection of the most appropriate method for preparation of propolis extracts as potential antioxidant and anticancer agents.