• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.192-195
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• 2003

As a part of our research project for in-situ bioremediation of nitrate contaminated. groundwater, screening studies to determine an effective electron donor (EO) and/or carbon source (CS) such as acetate, ethanol, formate, fumarate, lactate, and propionate were conducted. To evaluate the feasibility for the biological degradation of nitrate, soil microcosm studies using nitrate-contaminated soil and groundwater were performed. The nitrate removal percentage in the order from the highest to the lowest was: formate, fumarate, and ethanol > lactate > propionate. Essentially no nitrate consumption was observed In acetate-fed microcosms. The order of nitrate removal rate from the highest to lowest was fumarate, formate, lactate, ethanol, and propionate. These results suggest that fumarate and formate are promising EDs/CSs for in-situ bioremediation of nitrate - contaminated oxygenated groundwater.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 1975

The light and electron microscopic observations were carried out in order to know the morphological changes of the testicular Leydig cells in the mouse injected with testosterone propionate for a long period. The results obtained were as follows: With the light microscopic study, atrophy of the Leydig cells and larger sudanophilic lipid granules in the experimental group than normal were observed. 2. By the electron microscopic finding, the small spherical or oval mitochondria, large lipid droplets, a decrease in number of smooth endoplasmic reticutum and distended saccular or vacuolar smooth endoplasmic reticulum were observed in the experimental group. Membranous whorls with droplet increased in number and size in the experimental group.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 1999

The effects of copper on the anaerobic degradation of propionate were studied using anaerobic batch reactors. The apparent inhibitory effects of copper on the anaerobic degradation of propionate could be observed from behaviors of intermediates, ultimate methane yield(UMY) and specific methanogenic activity(SMA) There was little inhibition at the concentration of $2.5mg\;Cu^{2+}/L$. Beyond this concentration, the inhibitory effects increased with increasing dose of coppers. The 50% inhibition of UMY and SMA occurred at copper dosage of 33.8 and $24.1mg\;Cu^{2+}/gVSS$, respectively. The inhibitory effect based on the UMY was gradually reduced with the operation time dueprobably to the acclimation of microorganisms and/or binding of the added copper by ligands(and possibly ion exchange sites)contained on the cell membrane and extracellular polymer matrix whereas it based on the SMA might exclude the this phenomena. Therefore, the methodology for interpretation of inhibition data based on the SMA was more accurated than the UMY. There was no inhibitory effect in batch reactors supplemented with sulfate due to an antagonistic action of the sulfate reducing bacteria. Propionate degradation was initially retarded for copper inhibited samples but it gradually degraded afterward. Based on the mass removal considering take into account the propionate to acetate conversion, propionate degradation may appeal more affected than acetate. This result revealed that the hydrogenotrophic methanogens were the most affected by copper.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 1991

A convenient method for the synthesis of ibuproxam, which is a non steroidal antiinflammatory agent, is reported. Friedel-Crafts reaction of isobutylbenzene with ethyl $\alpha$-chloro-$\alpha$-(methylthio)acetate (3) gives ethyl $\alpha$-methylthio-(p-isobutylpheny) acetate (4). Ethyl 2-methylthio-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionate (5) is obtained from methylation of the compound (4) with NaH and Mel. lbuproxam (7) is easily synthesized by reductive desulfurization of the compound (5) with zinc dust-acetic acid or Raney nickel, followed by treatment of the resultant ethyl 2-(4-isobutyl-pheny) propionate (6) with H$_{2}$NOH-HCI.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1994

Friedel-Crafts reaction of fluorene with methyl ${\alpha}$-chloro-${\alpha}$-(methylthio)acetate 1 gave methyl $\alpha$-methylthio-2-fluoreneacetate 2. Cicloprofen 8, a potent antiinflammatory agent, was prepared by methylation of 2 followed by reductive desulfurization of methyl 2(2-fluorenyl)-2-(methylthio)propionate 6 and hydrolysis of methyl 2-(2-fluorenyl)propionate 7.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl[Ethyl (R)-2-{4-(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenoxy}propionate] is well known as a herbicide for its specific activity against the weed grasses. This compound was synthesized by the reaction of 4-(6-chloro-1,3-benzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenol and ethyl (S)-O-(p-toluenesulfonyl)lactate in good yields with high optical pure(optical purity: 99.9% up). In this process Walden inversion occurs, whereby the S-configuration of the propionic acid derivative is converted to the R-configuration of the final product. 4-(6-Chloro-l,3-benzoxazol-2-yloxy)phenol was obtained by 5 step reactions in over-all 70% yields using inexpensive raw materials.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.175-183
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• 2002

To compare the effects of various types of dietary fiber on microbial production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and on colon cell proliferation which is used as an intermediate biomarker for colon carcinogenesis, groups of 10 male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed one of four fiber-supplemented diets (6% cellulose, 6% pectin, 6% polydextrose, and a mixture of 3% cellulose and 3% polydextrose) for three weeks. As a control, a fiber-free diet was fed to a separate group of 10 rats. Cell proliferation was measured by in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into DNA in the proximal and distal colon, respectively. Luminal concentrations of SCFA were measured by gas chromatography. Dietary fiber significantly influenced microbial production of SCFA in the colon; pectin supplementation produced the highest concentrations of luminal SCFA in both the proximal and distal colon (p<0.05). The degree of individual SCFA production was characterized by a relatively higher increase in butyrate production by the pectin-supplemented diet, and in propionate production by the polydextrose-supplemented diet, resulting in alterations of the molar ratios of acetate, propionate and butyrate. There were significant differences in colon cell proliferation among the diet groups; the pectin-supplemented diet produced a significantly higher effect on cell proliferation of distal colonic epithelial cells (p＜0.05), and the polydextrose-supplemented diet produced an intermediate effect compared to the fiber-free or cellulose-supplemented diet. Increased cell proliferation was correlated to increased luminal concentrations of butyrate in the proximal colon and to increased luminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate in the distal colon (p<0.05). Therefore, these data suggest that dietary fiber may modulate colon cell proliferation by altering luminal SCFA concentrations, particularly butyrate and perhaps propionate. In addition, the present study is the first finding that has demonstrated a relative increase in colon cell proliferation due to supplementation with polydextrose, suggesting that the overuse of this artificially synthesized polysaccharide in food processing technology needs to be carefully evaluated from the public health point of view.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.485-491
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• 1992

The effects of varying doses(1, 4 and 10mg/kg body weight/day) of testosterone propionate (TP) on body weight gain and composition and energy and muscle protein metabolism were investigated in female rats. TP had no effect on food intake at any dose but injection of 1mg/kg resulted in an in crease in body weight gain which was associated with increases in body protein and fat. At higher doses(4 and 10mg/kg) body protein content was still increased but body fat was not affected. Increases in energy gain and gross energetic efficiency were observed at a dose of 1mg/kg but neither parameter was affected at other doses. The mass protein and RNA content of gastrocnemius muscle were incerased by TPbut the ratio of RNA to protein and the rate of muscle protein synthesis measured in vivo were not affected at any dose of TP The results indicate that the effect of testosterne on body composition are highly dose-dependent and the anabolic action of testosterone is not through stimulation of protein synthesis.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.198-206
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• 1976

In order to find the effects of testis function on adrenal gland, immature male rats were administered by 20 mg of testosterone propionate with 10 days interval for 50 days, and their adrenal weights and histological changes were compared with those of normal ones, and the results obtained were as follow: Adrenal weight was increased with the period of treatments, and especially the significant difference was recognized after 30 days. Of the zones in adrenal gland, the portion of zona fasciculata and reticularis increased significantly after 20 days and 30 days, respectively, while that of adrenal medulla was decreased significantly after 20 days. In histological changes, hypertrophy and vacuolization were observed in zona fasciculata and reticularis after 20 days, but no changes were recognized in zona glomerulosa and adrenal medulla.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 1997

Biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate and copolymer consisting of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyvalerate [poly(3HB-co-3HV)] by Bacillus thuringiensis R-510 grown with glucose or with mixtures of glucose and propionate was investigated. n-Alkanoic acids other than propionate were not precursors of 3HV units. The fraction of 3HV unit in the copolymer increased from 0 to 84 mol% of 3HV. Polymer yield decreased as the fraction of propionate was increased but the molecular weight distribution was not affected by the composition of carbon substrate. The minimum melting temperature (around 65.deg.C) of poly (3HB-co-3HV) copolymers was observed for the polymer bearing approximately 35 mol% of 3HV. Polyhydroxyalkanoates production by this organism was not dependent on nutritional limitation, but remarkably influenced by dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture medium. Low level of dissolved oxygen concentration prevented spore formation in the cells and stimulated the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate. The composition of poly (3HB-co-3HV) produced by B. thuringiensis R-510 lyhydroxyalkanoate. The composition of poly(3HB-co-3HV) propduced by B. thuringiensis R-510 varied according to the growth time. However, there was no evidence that polymers isolated from cells were mixtures of immiscible polymers.