• 제목/요약/키워드: prophylactic

검색결과 473건 처리시간 0.023초

수술 예방항생제 적정성 평가의 주기별 융합 변화 연구 (Convergence Research on Periodic Changes in the Quality Assessment of Surgical Prophylactic Antibiotics)

  • 양세이;김광환
    • 디지털융복합연구
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    • 제14권6호
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    • pp.325-333
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 일개 대학병원의 수술 예방항생제 사용의 실태 및 적정성 평가 주기별 변화를 분석, 향후 수술 예방항생제 사용 및 평가 지침에 대한 기초자료를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 시행되었다. 요양급여 적정성 평가가 시행된 첫해인 2007년 1차 평가부터 2008년, 2009년, 2010년, 2012년, 2014년을 조사기간으로 선정하였다. 본 연구를 위해 건강보험심사평가원의 요양급여 적정성 평가 자료를 이용하였으며, 위수술, 대장수술, 담낭절제술의 평가지표 중 최초 투여시기 1항목, 항생제 선택 3항목, 투여 기간 2항목의 연도별 변화 추이를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 항생제 투여일수는 위수술의 경우, 2007년 13.5일에서 2014년 1.5일로 감소하였고, 대장수술은 2007년 12.8일에서 2014년 1.5일로 감소하였다. 담낭절제술 또한 2007년 6.9일에서 2014년 0.6일로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 결과를 토대로, 수술 예방항생제 사용의 질적 향상을 위하여 의료진들이 충분히 받아들일 수 있을 만한 권고사항(또는 지표) 의 마련 및 그러한 권고사항의 효율적인 배포와 전달을 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 더불어 병원이 스스로 장애 요인을 파악하여 개선할 수 있도록 모니터링 제도 실시를 고려해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

초극소 저출생체중아에서 예방적 indomethacin 투여효과 (Effect of prophylactic indomethacin in extremely low birth weight infants)

  • 이보련;김수진;구수현;전가원;장윤실;박원순
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제49권9호
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    • pp.959-965
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    • 2006
  • 목 적 : 신생아 중환자실에서 환자 치료의 질적, 양적 성장으로 인해 초극소 저출생체중아의 생존률은 많은 향상을 보였음에도 불구하고 동맥관개존증 및 뇌실내출혈과 연관된 이환율 및 사망률은 높은 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 초극소 저출생체중아에서 동맥관개존증과 뇌실내출혈을 예방하기 위한 시도된 약물 중 indomethacin의 예방적 투여에 대한 효과와 부작용을 분석하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2004년 6월부터 2006년 4월까지 삼성서울병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원한 재태연령 29주, 출생체중 1,000 g 미만의 초극소 저출생체중아 84명을 대상으로 후향적으로 의무기록을 조사하였다. Indomethacin을 생후 6시간 이내에 24시간 간격으로 0.1 mg/kg를 투여받은 예방군 28명과 대조군 56명으로 분류하여 두 군의 인구학적 및 주산기 인자, 동맥관개존증과 뇌실내출혈의 발생율 및 합병증과 사망률에 대해서 비교하였다. 결 과 : 인구학적 및 주산기 인자로서 재태연령과 출생체중은 각각 예방군에서 $25.1{\pm}1.3$주, $746{\pm}132g$이었으며 대조군에서는 $25.2{\pm}1.6$주, $738{\pm}142g$으로 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. 그 외에 성 비, 부당경량아, 쌍생아의 비율, 1분 및 5분 아프가 점수, 분만 방법, 임신성 고혈압, 임신성 당뇨, 산전 스테로이드 투여, 호흡곤란증후군의 유무, 융모양막염의 여부에서도 두 군간에 차이가 없었다. Indomethacin의 예방효과가 있을 것이라 기대했던 동맥관개존증과 3도 이상의 고도의 뇌실내출혈의 발생 비율에서는 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 그러나 첫 번째 치료적 indomethacin이 투여된 빈도는 예방군에서 더 많았고 indomethacin 투여된 시간은 예방군에서 유의하게 늦었다. 사망률은 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었고 합병증과 관련된 인자로 폐출혈, 기흉, 기관지폐이형성증, 미숙아 망막증, 괴사성 장염의 발생에서는 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 자발성 회장 천공의 발생은 대조군에서는 없었던 반면에 예방군에서는 10.7%로 나타났고, 괴사성 장염에서 천공된 경우를 합한 경우에도 예방군에서 의미있게 증가하였다. 또한 완전장관영양에 도달한 시기는 예방군에서 $31.5{\pm}17.1$일이었고, 대조군에서는 $22.1{\pm}7.6$일로 예방군에서 유의하게 늦었다. 태변이 배출되는 데까지 걸린 기간과, 위장관 출혈의 발생빈도, 신 기능의 손상 정도의 평가에서는 두 군간의 의미있는 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 초극소 저출생체중아에서 출생 후 저용량 indomethacin을 예방적으로 사용하여 뇌실내출혈이나 동맥관개존증의 비율을 감소시키진 못하였고, 오히려 장관 천공의 비율을 증가시키고 장관영양의 진행이 늦어지는 부작용을 초래할 수 있다.

Very Late Stent Thrombosis after Sole Stent-Assisted Coiling at the Paraclinoid Giant Aneurysm : Could Prophylactic Antiplatelet Therapy Be Ceased at the Only 1 Year after Procedure?

  • Shin, Jung-Hoon;Park, Seong-Ho;Kim, Chang-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Young
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.344-347
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    • 2014
  • Stent thrombosis is a major limitation of stent-assisted coiling, which is an effective method for treating wide-necked aneurysms. Although early in-stent thrombosis has been reported, very late stent thrombosis (VLST) (>1 year) has not been reported following implantation of a single self-expandable stent designed for coiling. Herein, the authors present a case of VLST that occurred 14 months after single stent implantation in a large paraclinoid aneurysm with an ultra-wide neck involving the parent artery circumferentially. This case indicates the need for establishing guidelines regarding the optimal duration of prophylactic antiplatelet therapy following stent-assisted coiling, which remains undefined in the neuroendovascular field.

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Applications of Genetic Materials Carrying Viral Apoptotic Function

  • Yang Joo-Sung
    • 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.118-120
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    • 2002
  • Genetic materials including DNA plasmid are effective delivery vehicle to express interesting gene efficiently and safely not to generate replication competent virus. Moreover, it has advantages to design a better vector and to simplify manufacturing and storage condition. To understand a possible pathogenic mechanism by a flavivirus, West Nile virus (WNV), WNV genome sequence was aligned to other pathogenic viral genome. Interestingly, WNV capsid (Cp) amino acid sequence has some homology to HIV-l Vpr protein. These proteins induce apoptosis in human cell lines as well as in vivo and cell cycle arrest. Therefore, DNA plasmid carrying apoptosis-inducing and cell cycle arresting viral proteins including a HIV-1 Vpr and a WNV Cp protein can be useful for anti-cancer therapeutic applications. This WNV Cp protein is an early expressed protein which can be a reasonable target antigen (Ag) for vaccine design. Immunization of a DNA construct encoding WNV Cp protein induces a strong Ag-specific humoral and Th1-type immune responses in animal. Therefore, DNA plasmid encoding apoptotic viral proteins can be useful tool for therapeutic and prophylactic applications.

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비호지킨림프종 환자의 발열성 호중구감소증에 대한 페그필그라스팀의 예방효과 (Prophylactic Effect of Pegfilgrastim on Febrile Neutropenia in Patients with Non-Hodgikin's Lymphoma)

  • 조주희;방준석
    • 한국임상약학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.80-93
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    • 2015
  • Objective: Pegfilgrastim is recently introduced that is long acting G-CSF for prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia. Treatment of non-Hodgikin's lymphoma (NHL) with R-CHOP is classified with relative high risk of febrile neutropenia. The study evaluated the prophylactic effect of pegfilgrastim to reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia associated with R-CHOP of patient in NHL. And the risk factors associated with the incidence of FN and related events were evaluated. Methods: This retrospective study reviews the Electronic Medical Record of 68 NHL patients who received R-CHOP chemotherapy in single center between September 2013 and August 2014. These patients were classified who receive prophylaxis pegfilgrastim or no prophylaxis. Results: Sixty eight patients received R-CHOP with NHL. In 144 cycles of patients receiving pegfilgrastim, compared with no prophylaxis 178 cycles, had a lower incidence of febrile neutropenia (5.5% vs. 23.6%, p = 0.001), grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia (14.4% vs. 89.8%, p < 0.001) and neutropenia related events (p < 0.05). The risk of febrile neutropenia after prophylaxis was significantly associated with age ${\geq}65$ (OR: 5.87, 95% CI 1.07-32.27, p = 0.042), $IPI{\geq}3$ (OR: 7.2, 95% CI 1.31-39.6, p = 0.023), S.alb < 3.5 g/dL (OR: 31.01, 95% CI 6.32-152.17, p < 0.0001). In multiple logistic regression analysis, lower baseline serum albumin (OR: 21.1, 95% CI 3.8-116.98, p = 0.001) was significantly associated with occurrence of febrile neutropenia. Conclusion: The study recommends prophylactic pegfilgrastim through risk assessment of febrile neutropenia in patients with non-Hodgikin's lymphoma receiving R-CHOP.

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Potential of Asp f1 Epitopes in Naive and Sensitized BALB/c Mice

  • Chaudhary, Neelkamal;Mahajan, Lakshna;Madan, Taruna;Kumar, Anil;Raghava, Gajendra Pratap Singh;Katti, Seturam Bandacharya;Haq, Wahajul;Sarma, Puranam Usha
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.179-191
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    • 2009
  • Background: The present study examines a hypothesis that short allergen-derived peptides may shift an Aspergillus fumigatus (Afu-) specific TH2 response towards a protective TH1. Five overlapping peptides (P1-P5) derived from Asp f1, a major allergen/antigen of Afu, were evaluated for prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy in BALB/c mice. Methods: To evaluate the prophylactic efficacy, peptides were intranasally administered to naive mice and challenged with Afu-allergens/antigens. For evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, the mice were sensitized with Afu-allergens/antigens followed by intranasal administration of peptides. The groups were compared for the levels of Afu-specific antibodies in sera and splenic cytokines evaluated by ELISA. Eosinophil peroxidase activity was examined in the lung cell suspensions and lung inflammation was assessed by histopathogy. Results: Peptides P1-, P2- and P3 decreased Afu-specific IgE (84.5~98.9%) and IgG antibodies (45.7~71.6%) in comparison with Afu-sensitized mice prophylactically. P1- and P2-treated ABPA mice showed decline in Afu-specific IgE (76.4~88%) and IgG antibodies (15~54%). Increased IgG2a/IgG1 and IFN-${\gamma}$/IL-4 ratios were observed. P1-P3 prophylactically and P1 therapeutically decreased IL-5 levels and eosinophil peroxidase activity. P1 decreased inflammatory cells' infiltration in lung tissue comparable to non-challenged control. Conclusion: Asp f1-derived peptide P1, prophylactically and therapeutically administered to Balb/c mice, is effective in regulating allergic response to allergens/antigens of Afu, and may be explored for immunotherapy of allergic aspergillosis in humans.

Improved Long-term Survival with Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy among Young Women

  • Zeichner, Simon Blechman;Ruiz, Ana Lourdes;Markward, Nathan Joseph;Rodriguez, Estelamari
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.1155-1162
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    • 2014
  • Background: Despite mixed survival data, the utilization of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) for the prevention of a contralateral breast cancer (CBC) has increased significantly over the last 15 years, especially among women less than 40. We set out to look at our own experience with CPM, focusing on outcomes in women less than 40, the sub-population with the highest cumulative lifetime risk of developing CBC. With an extended follow-up, we hoped to demonstrate differences in the long-term disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) among groups who underwent the procedure (CPM) versus those that did not (NCPM). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all breast cancer patients less than age 40 diagnosed at Mount Sinai Medical Center between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2010 (n=481). Among these patients, 42 were identified as having undergone CPM, while 195 were confirmed as being CPM-free during the observation period. A univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results: The CPM group had a significantly higher percentage of patients who were diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 (95.2% vs 40%, p=0.0001). The CPM group had significantly smaller tumors (0-2cm.: 41.7% vs 24.8%, p=0.04). Among the entire group of patients, the overall five- and 10-year DFS were 81.3% and 73.3%, respectively. CPM was significantly associated [HR 2.35 (1.02, 5.41); p=0.046] with 10-year OS, although a similar effect was not observed for five-year OS. Conclusions: We found that CPM has increased dramatically over the last 15 years, especially among white women with locally advanced disease. In patients less than 40, who are thought to be at greatest cumulative risk of secondary breast cancer, CPM provided an OS advantage, regardless of genetics, tumor or patient characteristics, and which was only seen after 10 years of follow-up.