• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 2006년 집중호우로 인해 발생한 토석류 관련 수해 및 그에 대한 복구현황에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 문헌조사 및 현장답사를 통해서 2006년에 발생한 토석류의 특성, 이로 인한 수해 및 복구현황 등을 분석하였다. 2006년 강우기간 동안 최대시우량 113.5 mm, 1일 최대 강우량 355 mm의 호우가 발생하였는데 이는 80-500년의 강우빈도에 해당된다. 분석 결과에 의하면 수해의 대부분은 사면유실로부터 기인한 토석류에 의해서 발생하였다. 수해기간 동안의 강수량 자료에 대한 분석결과 강우강도와 수해 발생시점은 직접적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 현재 수해와 관련되어 계곡부에 사방댐 및 자연 사면에 대해 사면보호공이 실시되어 있다. 본 연구에서 분석된 결과를 통하여 현행 사면수해 복구 및 관리와 관련된 문제점에 대해 대안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2017

기존 구조물의 내진 보강을 위해서는 구조물이 경험하게 될 지진 하중의 결정이 매우 중요하며 이러한 지진 하중의 크기는 구조물 하부 지반의 전단파 속도 주상도에 의해 큰 영향을 받는다. 기존 건물 하부지반의 전단파 속도 주상도를 결정하기 위해서는 매우 협소한 공간에서 시험이 가능하며, 배경잡음의 영향을 효과적으로 배제할 수 있고, 하부지반 물성 변화에 민감하게 반응할 수 있는 시험법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 조건들을 만족시킬 수 있는 HWAW방법을 구조물 하부지반 전단파 속도 주상도 평가에 적용하였다. 제안된 방법의 타당성을 수치 모의 실험과 현장 적용을 통해 평가하였으며, 이를 통해 제안된 방법의 적용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 지구물리
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2001

석조문화재에 대한 지구물리학적 진단방법을 제시하기 위해, 경남 함안군 군북면에 있는 방어산 마애불에 대한 굴절법 탄성파탐사와 전기비저항탐사를 수행하였다. 굴절법 탄성파탐사결과 본 마애불 지역의 상부층은 탄성파속도 308～366m/s의 풍화토층, 1906～2090m/s의 연암층과 그 하부의 5061～5650m/s의 극경암층에 해당하는 기반암이 분포하고 있으며, 마애불 주변부의 풍화토층 및 연암층에 대한 지반보강대책이 설계되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 전기비저항 탐사결과 마애불 우측부에 남북～북북동 방향의 131～226 Ohm-m의 낮은 비저항대가 발견되며, 이 부분은 강우시에 지하수의 유동통로 역할을 하여 대상 부지 중에서 가장 취약한 연약구간이다.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2021

Land creeping is the imperceptibly slow, steady, downward movement o f slope-forming soil or rock. Because creep-related failures occur frequently on a large scale without notice, they can be hazardous to both property and human life. Korea Forest Service has operated the prevention and response system from land creeping which has been on the rise since 2018. We categorized and proposed three survey steps (e.g., preliminary, regional, detailed) for investigation of creeping susceptibility site with a focus on geophysical mapping of a selected test site, Yongheung-dong, Pohang, Korea. The combination of geophysical (dipole-dipole electrical resistivity tomography and reciprocal seismic refraction technique, well-logging), geotechnical studies (standard penetrating test, laboratory tests), field mapping (tension cracks, uplift, fault), and comprehensive interpretation of their results provided the reliable information of the subsurface structures including the failure surface. To further investigate the subsurface structure including the sliding zone, we performed high-resolution geophysical mapping in addition to the regional survey. High-resolution seismic velocity structures are employed for stability analysis because they provided more simplified layers of weathering rock, soft rock, and hard rock. Curved slip plane of the land creeping is effectively delineated with a shape of downslope sliding and upward pushing at the apex of high resistive bedrock in high-resolution electrical resistivity model with clay-mineral contents taken into account. Proposed survey steps and comprehensive interpretation schemes of the results from geological, geophysical, and geotechnical data should be effective for data sets collected in a similar environment to land-creeping susceptibility area.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2019

Landslides are one of the most damaging geological hazards worldwide, threating both humans and property. Hence, there have been many efforts to prevent landslides and mitigate the damage that they cause. Among such efforts, there have been many studies on mapping landslide susceptibility. Geographic information system (GIS)-based techniques have been developed and applied widely, and are now the main tools used to map landslide susceptibility. We reviewed the status of landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS by number of papers, year, study area, number of landslides, cause, and models applied, based on 776 articles over the last 20 years (1999-2018). The number of studies published annually increased rapidly over time. The total study area spanned 65 countries, and 47.7% of study areas were in China, India, South Korea, and Iran, where more than 500 landslides, 27.3% of all landslides, have occurred. Slope (97.6% of total articles) and geology (82.7% of total articles) were most often implicated as causes, and logistic regression (26.9% of total articles) and frequency ratio (24.7% of total article) models were the most widely used models. We analyzed trends in the causes of and models used to simulate landslides. The main causes were similar each year, but machine learning models have increased in popularity over time. In the future, more study areas should be investigated to improve the generalizability and accuracy of the results. Furthermore, more causes, especially those related to topography and soil, should be considered and more machine learning models should be applied. Finally, landslide hazard and risk maps should be studied in addition to landslide susceptibility maps.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2019

This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the effect of palm oil on the selected basic physical-chemical and geotechnical properties of kaolin. The experimental findings are further compared with literature outcomes investigating similar properties of fine grained soils subjected to contamination by different types of oils. To this end, palm oil was mixed with oven dried kaolin samples-aiding oil's interaction (coating) with dry particles first, in anticipation to emphasize the effect of oil on the properties of kaolin, which would be difficult to achieve otherwise. Oil content was limited to 40% by dry weight of kaolin, supplemented at intervals of 10% from clean kaolin samples. Observations highlight physical particle-to-particle bonding resulting in the formation of pseudo-silt sized clusters due to palm oil's interaction as evinced in the particle size distribution and SEM micrographs. These clusters, aided by water repellency property of the oil coating the kaolin particles, was analyzed to show notable variations in kaolin's consistency-measured as liquid and plastic limits. Furthermore, results from compaction tests indicates contribution of oil's viscosity on the compaction behavior of kaolin - showing decrease in the maximum dry unit weight (${\gamma}_{d,max}$) and optimum moisture content ($w_{opt}$) values with increasing oil contents, while their decrease rates were directly and inversely proportional in ${\gamma}_{d,max}$ and $w_{opt}$ values with oil contents respectively. Comparative study in similar terms, also validates this lower and higher decrease rates in ${\gamma}_{d,max}$ and $w_{opt}$ values of the fine grained soils respectively, when subjected to contamination by oil with higher viscosity.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

본 연구는 실제 고속도로 인접지역에서 발생한 토석류를 대상으로 고속도로에서의 토석류 거동을 FLO-2D 모형을 적용하여 재현함으로써, 고속도로에서의 토석류 영향 해석에 대한 FLO-2D 모형의 활용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 대상유역으로는 2005년 8월 집중호우로 토석류가 발생하여 24시간 동안 교통이 차단된 대전-진주간 고속도로의 덕유산 휴게소구간으로 선정하였다. 발생 토석류에 대한 현장조사 및 토성 시험분석 자료를 활용하여 GIS를 이용한 지형분석, HEC-HMS를 이용한 수문분석, 그리고 토석량을 산정하였다. 그리고 나서 FLO-2D 모형의 매개변수 민감도 분석을 통한 최적 매개변수 조합을 선정한 후, FLO-2D 모형을 적용한 토석류 거동해석을 수행하였다. 모형의 예측치와 실측자료와의 비교 분석을 통하여 고속도로에서 토석류 거동해석을 위한 FLO-2D 활용 가능성을 보여주었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

The determination of the damage index to reveal the performance level of a structure can constitute the seismic risk generalization approach based on the parametric analysis. This study implemented this concept to one kind of civil engineering structure that is the concrete gravity dam. Different cases of the structure exhibit their individual responses, which constitute different considerations. Therefore, this approach allows the parametric study of concrete as well as soil for evaluating the seismic nature in the generalized case. To ensure that the target algorithm applicable to most of the concrete gravity dams, a very simple procedure has been considered. In order to develop a correlated algorithm (by response surface methodology; RSM) between the ground motion and the structural property, randomized sampling was adopted through a stochastic method called half-fractional central composite design. The responses in the case of fluid-foundation-dam interaction (FFDI) make it more reliable by introducing the foundation as being bounded by infinite elements. To evaluate the seismic generalization of FFDI models, incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was carried out under the impacts of various earthquake records, which have been selected from the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center data. Here, the displacement-based damage indexed fragility curves have been generated to show the variation in the seismic pattern of the dam. The responses to the sensitivity analysis of the various parameters presented here are the most effective controlling factors for the concrete gravity dam. Finally, to establish the accuracy of the proposed approach, reliable verification was adopted in this study.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.963-978
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• 2020

Earthquakes can induce a large number of landslides and cause very serious property damage and human casualties. There are two issues in study on earthquake-induced landslides: (1) slope stability analysis under seismic loading and (2) debris flow run-out analysis. This study aims to review technical studies related to the development and application of earthquake-induced landslide models (seismic slope stability analysis). Moreover, a pilot application of a physics-based slope stability model to Mt. Umyeon, in Seoul, with several earthquake scenarios was conducted to test regional scale seismic landslide mapping. The earthquake-induced landslide simulation model can be categorized into 1) Pseudo-static model, 2) Newmark's dynamic displacement model and 3) stress-strain model. The Pseudo-static model is preferred for producing seismic landslide hazard maps because it is impossible to verify the dynamic model-based simulation results due to lack of earthquake-induced landslide inventory in Korea. Earthquake scenario-based simulation results show that given dry conditions, unstable slopes begin to occur in parts of upper areas due to the 50-year earthquake magnitude; most of the study area becomes unstable when the earthquake frequency is 200 years. On the other hand, when the soil is in a wet state due to heavy rainfall, many areas are unstable even if no earthquake occurs, and when rainfall and 50-year earthquakes occur simultaneously, most areas appear unstable, as in simulation results based on 100-year earthquakes in dry condition.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2021

The sufficient early strength of primary support is crucial for stabilizing the surroundings, especially for the tunnels constructed in soil. This paper introduces the Steel-Concrete Composite Support System (SCCS), a new support with high bearing capacity and flexible, rapid construction. The bearing characteristics and construction performance of SCCS were systematically studied using a three-dimensional numerical model. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. It was found that the stress of a π-shaped steel arch decreased with an increase in the thickness of the wall, and increased linearly with an increase in the rate of stress release. In the horizontal direction of the arch section, the nodal stresses of the crown and the shoulder gradually increased in longitudinally, and in the vertical direction, the nodal stresses gradually decreased from top to bottom. The stress distribution at the waist, however, was opposite to that at the crown and the shoulder. By analyzing the stress of the arch section under different installation gaps, the sectional stress evolution was found to have a step-growth trend at the crown and shoulder. The stress evolution at the waist is more likely to have a two-stage growth trend: a slow growth stage and a fast growth stage. The maximum tensile and compressive stresses of the secondary lining supported by SCCS were reduced on average by 38.0% and 49.0%, respectively, compared with the traditional support. The findings can provide a reference for the supporting technology in tunnels driven in loess.