• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 1988

Proteolysis of 7S and 11S soy protein-rich fraction(PRF) with commercial proteases(alcalase and pronase) apperently increased protein solubility at pH 5, heat coagulation and calcium tolerence, while decreasing emulsifying capacity and foam stability regardless of the kind of protein and protease used. However, the proteolysis decreased the protein solubility of 7S PRF at pH 6 and 11S PRF at pH 4. The proteolysis of 11S PRF increased oil absorption and foam expansion, while slight decrease or almost no change was noted on 7S PRF. Heat stabilities of the emulsion and kinetic viscosities changed very little by the proteolysis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 1996

The present study was conducted to rapidly detect Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk. Specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technique, and direct PCR were examinded in raw milk, also were compared the calssical culture methods with PCR technique. This method used a pair of primers based on a unique region in the 16S rRNA sequence of L nomocytogenes. In the PCR specificity tests, each of the 10 strains of L monocytogenes tested gave a single 70-bp band. But the other six Listera spp tested gave negative results. Results of the sensitivity tests showed that as few as 2 CFU of L monocytogenes in pure cultures could be detected with 16S rRNA-based primers, L-1 and L-2. In different PCR cycles, a PCR product was detected with $10^3$ cells of L monocytogenes from 25 cycles to 50 cycles and the concentration of PCR products was cycle-dependent. Raw milk samopes added L monocytogenes cells gave negative results. However, these samplers gave a single 70-bp band by pretreatment of pronase, and PCR products were detected with $10^1$ cells of L monocytogenes. To detemine the most sensitive culture protocol to use in conjunction with the PCR assay, raw milk samples were inoculated with L monocytogenes at concentrations ranging from 1 to $5.7{\times}10^4CFU/ml$. PCR assays from Listeria enrichment broth(LEB) containing raw milk samples added L monocytogene EGD could dtect 10 cells in pronase-pretreated samples without incubation, and 1 cell of L monocytogenes in both 12 hr and 24 hr incubation, respectively. Isolation raw of PCR assays was similar to that of classical culture methods, but required time for detection of L monocytogenes could remarkably be reduced compare to culture methods.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2011

To produce the functional food materials, 50 kinds of the mycelial extracts from edible mushroom were examined for anticoagulant activity and Phellinus linteus showed the highest activity through the activated partial thromboplastin test (aPTT). The maximum production of anticoagulant activity and the mycelial growth was observed in culture medium containing soluble starch 3.0%, peptone 0.1%, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O^{\circ}C$ 0.1%, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.1% and in the culture conditions controlled at initial pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 150 rpm by the rotary shaker. In addition, the maximum production of mycelial dry weight was 7.5 mg/mL after 10 days under the optimal conditions, and anticoagulant activity was reached to 390 sec in 5 L-jar fermentor.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1990

Candida dattila K109 and K112 isolated from grapes in Korea showed killer activity toward Saccharomyces cereuisiae 5 x 47, S. cereuisiae 1368, Hamenula, Torulopsis, Kluyueromyces, Debaryomyces, and Brettanomyces, and showed the most effective killer activity at 22-26$^{\circ}C$ and at pH 3.9-4.1. The killer actvity of both toxins were remarkably decreased at higher temperature than $25^{\circ}C$ and higher pH than pH 4.0. And the toxins were suggested to be glycoproteins inactivated by pronase E and pepsin. The killer activity was not cured by incubation at elevated temperature of 30-37"C, but cured by treatment with 0.0105-0.3 ppm cycloheximie.imie.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 1999

The purpose of these study was to investigate the use of a glass micropipette (GMP) as a vessel for vitrification of bovine IVP blastocysts, to compare the post-thaw survival rates of bovine blastocysts frozen in GMP with those frozen in OPS that have been previously investigated, and to improve the hatching rate following vitrification with GMP method. The GMP vessel permits higher freezing and warming rate than the OPS due to the higher heat conductivity of the glass and lower mass of the solution that contains the embryos. Groups of three bovine IVP blastocysts were sequentially placed into vitrification solution before being loaded into either the OPS or GMP vessels and immersed into L$N_2$within 20 to 25 sec. Post-thaw blastocysts were serially washed in 0.25 and 0.15 M sucrose in HM and TCM-199 for each 5 min, respectively, and then cultured in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FCS for 24 h. The rate of blastocyst re-expanding did not significantly different for OPS (75.9%) and GMP (80.0%) methods (P＞0.05). The hatching rates in OPS (34.1%) and GMP (37.5%) methods were significantly lower than that in control group (54.3%) (P＞0.05). In addition, the rate of blastocyst re-expanding was significantly lower if blastocysts were vitrified in the wide portion of the micropipette rather than the narrow portion of the micropipette (83.3 vs 56.7%) (P＞0.05), even though three blastocysts were loaded per vessel. The hatching rate in 0.05% pronase solution treatment for 30, 60 and 90 see (45.9, 54.7 and 57.5%) were significantly higher than that in control (35.0%), even though there was not significantly different between 30 see and control. These results indicate that both vitrification vessels can provide high survival rates of bovine IVP blastocysts. However, the GMP vessel has the advantage over the OPS, in that the former does not need a cap to protect the vessel from floating after immersion in L$N_2$. The location of the embryos (narrow or wide portion of immersion) were considered to be limiting factors to the viability of bovine IVP embryos. The exposing in 0.05% pronase solution for 60 or 90 see can increase hatching rates of post-thaw bovine IVP blastocysts.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.525-530
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• 1973

True collagenolytic enzymes in animal tissues were first demonstrated by Gross and Lapiere (1962), who showed the ability of such an enzyme in the culture medium of living explants of tadpole tissue to degrade a specific substrate of undenatured collagen under physiological conditions. Recently, tumor-associated collagenolytic activity has been demonstrated in human neoplasm and in ascites V Carcinoma. This investigation have been peforme to determine whether or not a collagen lytic enzyme could e found in isolated solid Tawa sarcoma of Donryu female rat obtained the culture medium. The results were as follows. 1. 11.5mg% of hydroxyproline contained in Donryu rat skin collagen, which was extracted by 0.5M acetic acid. 2. Cultivation of solid Tawa sarcoma tissues on reconstituted rat skin collagen gels showed lysis of adjacent gel after 18 hours, and much more extensive lysis after 5 days. 3. Collagen substrate was not attacked by the common proteolytic enzymes, trypsin, pepsin, and pronase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 1996

Four strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), that lower the pH of sausage $\leq$ 4.2 within 24 h of incubation at $37^{\circ}C$, were screened from 57 bacteriocin producing LAB which were isolated from kajamie shikhae and natural fermented sausages. The proteinaceous nature of the bacteriocin was confirmed by losing antimicrobial activity after pronase treatment. Inhibitory activity against pathogens, times of bacteriocin production and sensory tests were compared between 4 isolates and 3 commercial starters. Especially, strain NFS #8-1, screened from natural fermented sausage and identified as Pediococcus acidilactici, antagonized a large number of foodborne pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Production of bacteriocin by strain NFS #8-1 was early in the growth phase (mid log phase) and its sensory acceptance was high. The feasibility of using strain NFS #8-1 as a starter for the production of microbiologically safe fermented sausage is envisaged.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-186
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• 2011

Biochemical methods were selected to evaluate the role of exopolymeric substances in the stability of biofilms used in bioremediation processes. Biofilms of Thiomonas arsenivorans formed on pozzolana were thus treated with pronase (protein target), lectins (Con A or PNA), calcofluor or periodic acid (polysaccharides target), DNase (DNA target), and lipase (triglycerides target). Neither protease nor DNase treatments had any effect on bacterial adhesion. Lectins and calcofluor treatments mainly affected young biofilms. Lipase treatment had a noticeable effect on biofilm stability whatever the biofilm age. Results suggest that it would be an increased resistance of mature biofilms that protects them from external attacks.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 1987

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information on splitting and culture of mouse and bovine embryos. Two-, four-, eight-, cell and morula mouse embryos were digested with pronase, splitted in vitro by micro-glass needel with hand, and bovine embryos were splitted by micromanipulator. The splitted embryos were cultured under 5% of CO2 gas in air at 37$^{\circ}C$ for 48-72 hours. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mouse and cattle were superovulated by 5IU of PMS and HCG, and 2500IU of PMS and 25mg of PGF2$\alpha$, respectively. The average number of embryos after superovulation were 32.5$\pm$8.2 and 7.5$\pm$3:1, respectively. 2. Out of total 122 embryos splitted, the successful splitting rate was 75.0%, 66.7%, 68.4% and 71.4% in 2-, 4-, 8- and morula embryos in mouse, respectively. There was no different splitting rate between mouse(71.4%) and bovine embryos(66.7%) in morula. 3. The successful culture rate of splitted embryos was 68.0% and 67.9% in mouse and bovine embryos, respectively.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2009

Gelatin hydrolysates with a high inhibitory activity against angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were fractionated from Alaska pollock surimi refiner discharge. The ACE-inhibitory activity, expressed as $IC_{50}$ (mg/mL), was highest (0.49 mg/mL) in gelatin hydrolysates formed by sequential 2-hr treatments of Pronase and Flavourzyme. After fractionation through four different membrane filters with molecular weight cut-offs of 3, 5, 10, and 30 kDa, the highest ACE-inhibitory activity (0.21 mg/mL) was observed with the 3-kDa filtrate.