• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.32-35
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• 1999

During the course of studying the helminth fauna from the fishes of the Korean coastal waters, two bucephalid species, Dolichoenterum longissimum Ozaki, 1924 and Prosorhynchus aculeatus Odhner, 1905, were collected from the alimentary canal of the conger eel, Conger myriaster. D. longissimum was characterized by having the ovary between the testes, and 7-8 horn-like projections on the ventral side of rhynchus. P. aculeatus was distinguished from the other species by the location of the mouth or the opening position of the excretory vesicle. These two bucephalid digeneans are new to the Korean fauna.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 1998

The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex are regarded as the highest-order association cortices. The hippocampus has been proposed to store "cognitive maps" of external environments, and the prefrontal cortex is known to be involved in the planning of behavior, among other functions. Considering the prominent functional roles played by these structures, it is not surprising to find direct monosynaptic projections from the hippocampus to the prefrontal cortex. Rhythmic stimulation of this projection patterned after the hippocampal EEG theta rhythm induced stable long-term potentiation of field potentials in the prefrontal cortex. Comparison of behavioral correlates of hippocampal and prefrontal cortical neurons during an a-arm radial maze, working memory task shows a striking contrast. Hippocampal neurons exhibit clear place-specific firing patterns, whereas prefrontal cortical neurons do not show spatial selectivity, but are correlated to different stages of the behavioral task. These data lead to the hypothesis that the role of hippocampal projection to the prefrontal cortex is not to impose spatial representations upon prefrontal activity, but to provide a mechanism for learning the spatial context in which particular behaviors are appropriate.propriate.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 1999

Four new nemourid species, Amphinemura rai n. sp., Amphinemura baei n. sp., Protonemura villosa n. sp., and Nemoura espera n. sp. are described and illustrated. Amphinemura rai n. sp. closely resembles Amphinemura tragula (Kimmins) externally, but differs from Amphinemura tragula by the projections on male terminalia and the shape of the female subgenital plate. Amphinemura baei n. sp. is similar to A. bulla Shimizu in body color, size, and structure of male and female terminalia, but distinguished by the ventral sclerites of epiproct, the knobs on the sides of the epiproct, and the shape of paraprocts. Protonemura villosa n. sp. is similar to p. hotakana Ueno in body color, size, and the structure of terminalia, but distinguished by the epiproctal flagellum and ventral sclerite, the shape of the tenth tergum. Finally, Nemoura espera n.sp. is close to Nemoura alabeli Zhilt-zova In appearance, but differs by the shape and location of the ventral and dorsal sclerites of the epiproct.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.328-343
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• 2003

Orthogonal pulse-shape modulation using Hermite pulses for ultra-wideband communications is reviewed. Closedform expressions of cross-correlations among Hermite pulses and their corresponding transmit and receive waveforms are provided. These show that the pulses lose orthogonality at the receiver in the presence of differentiating antennas. Using these expressions, an algebraic model is established based on the projections of distorted receive waveforms onto the orthonormal basis given by the set of normalized orthogonal Hermite pulses. Using this new matrix model, a number of pulse-shape modulation schemes are analyzed and a novel orthogonal design is proposed. In the proposed orthogonal design, transmit waveforms are constructed as combinations of elementary Hermites with weighting coefficients derived by employing the Gram-Schmidt (QR) factorization of the differentiating distortion model’s matrix. The design ensures orthogonality of the vectors at the output of the receiver bank of correlators, without requiring compensation for the distortion introduced by the antennas. In addition, a new set of elementary Hermite Pulses is proposed which further enhances the performance of the new design while enabling a simplified hardware implementation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2004

The projections from the dorsal raphe (DR) to the locus coeruleus (LC) or vice versa were analyzed in the rat using an anterograde tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) combined with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) or dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) immunostaining. Following the injection of PHA-L into the middle DR, DR-originating fibers with varicosities have contacted DBH-immunolabeled cells in the rostral, middle, and caudal LC. Axon terminals were also observed in the subcoeruleus nucleus. When the PHA-L injection was confined within the caudal DR, axonal fibers with varicosities were observed mainly at the rostral pole of the LC. Following the injection of PHA-L into the caudal, principal LC, labeled fibers with varicosities have contacted 5-HT-immunolabeled neurons at dorsomedial, ventromedial, lateral wing, and caudal sub-divisions of the DR. The present anterograde study suggests that the DR or the LC nuclei communicate with each other in order to perform a variety of functions including vigilance, analgesia, and stress responses.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.864-875
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• 1999

This study was done to classify type os arms and to correspond these types with partial somatotype of upper body such as lateral views of upper body shapes of shoulder. The subjects of this study were female college students of twenties 58 anthropometric and photographic data were measured. The results were as follows : 1. Form the factor analysis arm girth/armscye size factor arm length factor the slope of lower arm, arm factor the curves of armscye the roundness of arm/shapes of shoulder the slope of upper arm factor were obtained. 2. By using factor scores 4 clusters of arm types were extracted. The characteristics of these clusters were projections of armscy slant of lower arm thick-set canelike. 3. Four types of arm were corresponded with the specified lateral views of upper body directions of shoulder slopes of shoulder.

• 치과방사선
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.31-39
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• 1986

This study was performed to compare the difference of intraoral bisecting and panoramic techniques in evaluating the relationship of antral floor and maxillary roots. The vertical distances from maxillary root apices to antral floor were measured on both orthopantomograms and bisecting projections obtained from fifty subjects. The results were as follows, 1. Tooth lengths measured on orthopantomogram were larger than on bisecting projection and the magnification ratios were 1.08-1.17. 2. The dimensions from maxillary root apices to antral floor measured on orthopantomogram were larger than on bisecting projection. 3. The above results held true regardless of age and sex.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제30B권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 1993

In this paper, a two-stage block matching algorithm (BMA), which can reduce greatly the computational complexity of the conventional BMAs, is proposed, in which the onedimensional distortion measure based on the integral projection is introduced to determine the candidate motion vectors and then among them a final motion vector is detected based on the conventional two-dimensional distortion measure. Due to the one-dimensional calculation of a distortion measure, the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity of the conventional BMA (full search method with a 16$\times$16 block) by a factor of 4, with its performance comparable to those of the conventional ones. Simulation results based on the original and noisy image sequences are shown. Also the simulation of the proposed method combined with the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) SM3 (Simulation Model Three) is presented. Computer simulation shows that the proposed algorithm is fast with its performance comparable to those of the conventional ones.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2011

Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics for a mathematical description of the particle wave, and it is applied to information technology such as quantum computer, quantum information, quantum network and quantum cryptography, etc. In 1936, Garrett Birkhoff and John von Neumann introduced the logic of quantum mechanics (quantum logic) in order to investigate projections on a Hilbert space. As another type of quantum logic, orthomodular implication algebra was introduced by Chajda et al. This algebra has the logical implication as a binary operation. In pure mathematics, there are many algebras such as Hilbert algebras, implicative models, implication algebras and dual BCK-algebras (DBCK-algebras), which have the logical implication as a binary operation. In this paper, we introduce the definitions and some properties of those algebras and clarify the relations between those algebras. Also, we define the implicative poset which is a generalization of orthomodular implication algebras and DBCK-algebras, and research properties of this algebraic structure.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the posterior slope of articular eminence on internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. The author had taken transcranial oblique lateral projections of both TMJs in 30 normal subjects and 40 internal derangement patients who had 54 affected sides and 26 unaffected sides, and then analyzed the films. The results were as follows : In normal subjects, there was no significant difference between in the males and females, and between in the right and left sides. The posterior slope of articular eminence of affected sides in patients was stiffer than that of unaffected sides in patients and also stiffer than that of normal subjects. Therefore, the author concluded that stiffer posterior slope of articular eminence was, the more susceptibility to internal derangement would be.