• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.179-187
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• 2022

The project performances can be measured in terms of meeting the project schedule, budget, and conformance to functional and technical specifications. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the causes and effects of change orders for both vertical and horizontal construction, respectively. However, these studies mainly focus on a single project type, so this paper examines the impact of change order for cost growth and schedule overruns using four different building types to close the gap in the change order research area. A total of 211 building projects are collected from four building types: healthcare, residential, office, and education. Statistical analyses using ANOVA tests and linear regression models are used to examine the created metric $CO/day on the cost and schedule impacts. The results found that mean $CO/day values were not statistically different among building types, and that the sum of change orders is a statistically significant predictor of $CO/day. The results will help project stakeholders mitigate the negative change orders effects can be a challenge for project managers and researchers alike.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1241-1241
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• 2022

In the current construction industry, difficulty arises in creating an adequate baseline schedule to establish a fundamental plan for construction. This presentation will present the research findings which investigated industry-recognized schedule metrics that aid in the successful implementation of said schedule. Industry organizations (Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering, the Government Accountability Office, the Project Management Institute, and local city, state, and county government offices) provide standardized guidelines with specific metrics requirements to ensure successful implementation. However, most of those metrics are substantiated or validated in their effectiveness. The study examined the impact between these industry-recognized critical metrics and three distinct scheduling characteristics: Project Type, Project Duration, and Project Density (number of activities within a schedule). The research results showed that, among the 12 various schedules evaluated in parallel with 20 industry-recognized critical metrics, seven metrics substantially demonstrate a significant impact on a project schedule's success. Furthermore, six of the seven metrics directly correlate to at least one of the three scheduling characteristics outlined. As a result, this research has established more predictable outcomes based on impacts between three distinct project characteristics and 20 of the most discussed/researched critical scheduling metrics in the field. This allows management teams to have more confidence in establishing critical milestones and accurate turnover dates from the start of the project through its final completion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2007

Recently, various 4D CAD systems for visualizing construction schedule data are being developed. Specially, in case of railway project, the numerical information of progress data should be changed with visualized data by long construction section because the railway project consists of long length in construction site. This study suggests a case study of development of 4D CAD system for visualizing schedule information and the major functions of developed system are verified by railway project. The detailed application procedure of 4D CAD system including input data for a railway project is described in the study. The practical application of 4D CAD system can be improved in railway project by these demonstration researches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

It is more effective and more efficient to manage schedule and risk at a same time because many risks occur in construction phase in building construction projects. The objective of this paper is to propose a tool that manages risks in a project management software. The tool is implemented by VBA in Microsoft Project, and enables field managers of a construction project to make schedules and to help to predict risks.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2013

This paper presents a system called a Cash-flow based Construction Schedule Optimization system(CfSO). The existing CPM effectively handles schedule and cost management. However, funding strategy should be considered to obtain maximum profit and to progress a project favorably. One of measures is to coordinate the contract terms between owner and subcontractors (or suppliers). Contractor may decrease the interest cost attributed to project financing by adjusting the timing of cash-inflows and cash-outflows. It is an excellent method maximizing profits. This paper presents a method to estimate the amount of a cash-flow occurred periodically by integrating the terms of contract into scheduling. The proposed method is implemented as a system prototype in Microsoft Excel. This system provides a user an automated tool that identifies an optimal schedule that secures maximum profit by adjusting start and finish times of non-critical activities' free-floats without affecting on the project completion time. This system supports a project manager to establish an optimum project schedule and identifies profitable contractual conditions against to a construction owner.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.72-80
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• 2016

The market size of plant projects in overseas is so large that domestic EPC project contractors are actively seeking the overseas projects and then trying to meet completion plans since successful fulfillment of these projects can provide great opportunities for them to expand into new foreign markets. International EPC projects involve all of the uncertainties common to domestic projects as well as uncertainties specific to foreign projects including marine transportation, customs, regulations, nationality, culture and so on. When overseas project gets off-schedule, the resulting uncertainty may trigger unexpected exceptions and then critical effects to the project performance. It usually require much more time and costs to encounter these exceptions in foreign sites compared to domestic project sites. Therefore, an exception handling approach is required to manage exceptions effectively for successful project progress in foreign project sites. In this research, we proposed a methodology for prediction and evaluation of exceptions caused by risks in international EPC projects based on sensitivity analysis and Bayesian Networks. First, we identified project schedule risks and related exceptions, which may meet during the fulfillment of foreign EPC projects that is performed in a sequence of engineering, procurement, preparatory manufacture, foreign shipping, construction, inspection and modification activities, and affect project performance, using literature review and expert interviews. The impact of exceptions to the schedule delay were also identified. Second, we proposed a methodology to predict the occurrence of exceptions caused by project risks and evaluate them. Using sensitivity analysis, we can identify activities that critically affect schedule delay and need to focus by priority. Then, we use Bayesian Networks to predict and evaluate exceptions. Third, we applied the proposed methodology to an international EPC project example to validate the proposed approach. Finally, we concluded the research with the further research topics. We expect that the proposed approach can be extended to apply in exception management in project management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.268-271
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• 2000

In these days, the technical advances and complexities have generated much of the difficulties in managing the project resources, both time and costing to accomplish the project in the most efficient manner. The project manager is frequently required to render judgements concerning the schedule and resource adjustments. This research develops an analytical model for a schedule-cost and risk analysis based on visual PERT/CPM. We used a two-step approaches ：in the step 1, a deterministic PERT/CPM model for the critical path and estimating the project time schedule and related resource planning, In the second step, we developed a heuristic model for crash and stretch out analysis based upon a time-cost trade-off associated with the crash and stretch out of the project. Computer implementation of this model is provided based on GUI-Type objective-oriented programming for the users and provided displays of all the inputs and outputs in the form of visual graphical. Also developed GUI-type program, Dongeui Visual-PERT/CPM. The results of this research will provide the project managers with an efficient management tool.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.1352-1355
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• 2011

Earned value management(EVM)는 프로젝트 진행 상태를 파악하기 위해 주로 비용과 일정 편차, 성과지표를 통합하여 분석하는 것으로 비용/원가 관리를 위해 발전되어 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 최근에는 경영환경 변화에 따라 불확실성이 증가하여 프로젝트 전체 일정의 예측에 대한 성과지표로 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서, 비용관점에서 분석된 earned value management의 성과 지표와 시간관점에서 분석된 earned schedule의 성과 지표를 비교하여 차이점을 도출하고 비용관점에서의 지표가 프로젝트 전체 일정을 예측하는 것에서는 신뢰성이 떨어지는 현상을 발견하였다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 프로젝트 비용관리와 더불어 earned schedule의 성과 지표를 이용한 일정 예측을 통해 성공적인 프로젝트 수행에 도움이 되도록 하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.98-106
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• 2019

Recently, the number of project delay-related claims and disputes in Korean construction projects has been increasing rapidly. This suggests that the domestic construction contract practice, which has traditionally been superior to the client, is changing into a mutually balanced relationship among the contracting parties. The project delay analysis selects the application method according to the type of schedule approved at the start of the construction and how the schedule management was performed during the construction. The most important prerequisite for project delay analysis is that a complete CPM schedule agreed at the beginning of the construction is prepared and the actual progress of such schedule is well documented. This study is about applying the project delay analysis methodology of a case where a contractor claims damages to a client while constructing a large new private building construction project. In this study, it is determined whether the application of the as-planned analysis method is appropriate to the incomplete CPM schedule and then proposes the as-planned vs. as-built analysis method based on the new standard as an alternative. Next, apply the as-planned vs. as-built analysis method to the schedule in the case project, and then compare it with the result of the as-planned analysis method. The purpose of this study is to suggest a project delay analysis method suitable for the domestic schedule management practices, so that it can be used as a meaningful reference in project delay disputes and litigations of domestic construction projects.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

In order to succeed in a bid or development, the project manager should estimate its cost and schedule more accurately in the early stage of the project. Usually, the nominal schedule of most projects can be derived from rule of thumb, first-order estimation practice, or ball-park schedule estimation table. But the rule-of-thumb models for the nominal schedule estimation are so various, and the first-order estimation practice does not provide sufficient information. So they do not help much to decide on the proper development effort and schedule for a particular size of project. This paper presents a statistical regression model for deciding the development effort and schedule of a project using the ball-park schedule estimation table. First, we have redefined such words suggested in the ballpark schedule estimation table as shortest possible schedule, efficient schedule and nominal schedule, Next, we have investigated the relationship between the development effort and the schedule. Finally, we have suggested a model for estimating the development effort and the more accurate schedule of such particular sizes of software as are not presented in the ball-park schedule estimation table. The experimental results show that our proposed regression analysis model decreases the mean magnitude of relative error by 2% at maximum. Also this model can estimated the development effort and schedule for a particular size of software.