• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.335-344
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• 2001

목적 : 본 연구에서는 자궁경부암에서 VEGF의 발현과 기존의 예후인자들인 종양의 크기, 골반내 림프절 전이, 자궁경부 심부침윤, 림프계 침윤, 혈관계 침윤과의 상관관계를 분석하고, 생존율을 분석하여 VEGF의 예후 예측인자로서의 임상적 의의에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상환자들은 1986년 1월부터 1998년 10월까지 연세대학교 원주의과대학 원주기독병원에서 자궁경부암으로 진단 받고 자궁근치 절제술과 양측 골반 림프절 절제술을 받은 FIGO 병기 IB인 환자 118명으로, 88명은 수술 후 화학요법이나 방사선치료가 시행되었다. VEGF 발현은 수술을 시행한 파라핀 조직을 가지고 면역조직화학 염색을 시행하여 평가하였다. 분석은 염색의 강도에 따라 0, +, ++, +++로 판정하였으며 0에서 ++까지를 저발현(low expression), + + +를 고발현(high expression)으로 분류하였다. 결과 : 대상 환자 118명중 VEGF 고발현을 보이는 환자는 35명$(29.7\%)$이었으며 VEGF 발현은 자궁경부 심부침윤(p=0.01)과 골반내 림프절 전이(p=0.03)와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 5년 생존율과 무병생존율은 VEGF 발현이 낮을 때 각각 $85.6\%,\;79.7\%$이었고, 고발현일때는 $98.5\%,\;100\%$로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다(p=0.03, <0.001). 다변량분석에서 생존율에 의미 있는 예후인자는 VEGF 발현(p=0.03)과 골반내 림프절전이(p=0.03)였고 무병생존율에 의미 있는 예후인자는 VEGF 발현(p<0.001), 그리고 종양의 크기(p=0.01)였다. 전 118예 중 12예에서 재발을 보였는데(골반내 재발 7예, 원격전이 5예) 이 중 11예가 VEGF 고발현을 보인 환자이었고 단 1예에서 VEGF 저발현을 보여, VEGF 발현이 높은 환자에서 골반내 재발(p=0.001)과 원격전이(p<0.001)가 의미 있게 높았다. 결론 : 면역조직화학염색을 통한 VEGF 발현의 정도는 조기 자궁경부암에서 기존의 치료 후 재발의 위험도가 높은 환자들을 찾아내는데 가장 의미 있는 예후 인자의 하나로 생각되며 나아가서 향후 VEGF 항체 등의 새로운 혈관억제요법의 임상연구를 시도하는데 있어서도 적합한 대상 환자들을 찾아내는데 유용한 지표로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.601-613
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• 2000

연구배경 : 통상성 간질성 폐섬유증(usual interstitial pneumonia : UIP)은 특발성 간질성 폐렴(Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia : I.I.P)의 한 형태로서 생존기간 중앙값이 약 3-5 년 정도로 보고되는 치명적인 질환으로 알려져 있으나, 최근 분류된 BOOP이나 NSIP등을 제외한 순수한 UIP환자들만을 대상으로 임상경과나 예후에 대한 연구는 외국에서도 극소수아고, 국내에서는 보고된 바가 없다. 이에 연구자들은 수술적 폐생검 검사로 확진된 UIP 환자들의 임상경과와 예후의 예측 지표를 찾고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1989년 3월부터 1999년 8월까지 서울중앙병원에서 개흉 또는 흉강경을 통한 폐생검검사로 UIP로 진단된 72명(연령 $58.2{\pm}11.6$세, 남 : 여=45:27, 관찰기간 중앙값 : 18.1개월 (0.7-103.6개월))을 대상으로 하였다. 진단시의 임상증상과 흉부고해상도단층촬영, 폐기능검사, 동맥혈 가스검사 등을 증상점수(C) (1-20점), 방사선학점수(R)(봉와양 소견 : 0-5점, 젖빛유리야 소견 : 0-5점) 및 생리적검사점수(P) (FVC 1-12점, $FEV_1$ 0-3점, TLC 1-10점, $D_{LCO)$ 0-5점, $AaDO_2$ 0-10점)로 수치화하여 CRP 접수를 계산하였다. 임상경과와 진단시의 CRP점수, 기관지 폐포세척액검사 등을 비교 분석하여 예후의 예측지표를 검색하였다. 결과 : 1) 대상 UIP환자들의 1년 누적생존률은 78.3%, 3년 누적생존률은 58.1% 였고, 생존기간 중앙값은 42.5개월이었다. 2) 단기(1년)예후 : 단기 사망군(14명)은 생존군(46명)에 비하여 전체CRP점수($28.6{\pm}8.3$ vs. $16.6{\pm}9.7$)가 높았으며, 이는 주로 증상점수($8.4{\pm}2.1$ vs. $5.7{\pm}3.9$)와 FVC, $D_{LCO)$, $AaDO_2$를 포함하는 생리적검사점수 $v{\pm}7.5$ vs. $8.1{\pm}7.3$)의 차이에 기인하였다. 또한 호전 혹은 안정군(61.7%)과 악화군 및 사망군(38.3%) 사이에는 연령과 흡연률, 진단당시의 CRP점수(증상점수, FVC, $AaDO_2$, $D_{LCO)$)가 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 방사선학점수, TLC 및 기관지폐포세척액소견 등은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) 장기(3년) 예후 : 장기생존군(14명)은 사망군(22명)에 비하여 역시 진단시 총CRP점수($12.2{\pm}6.7$ vs. $28.7{\pm}7.9$)와 증상점수, FVC, $D_{LCO)$, $AaDO_2$)가 차이가 있었다. 3) 생존기간분석에서도 총 CRP 점수와 증상점수, $AaDO_2$ FVC, $D_{LCO)$가생존기간과 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 4) Cox 회기분석을 이용한 다변수 분석에서는 $D_{LCO)$ (${\geq}$60% : Hazard ratio : 4.56, 95% CI : 2.30-16.04)만이 UIP환자 사망의 독립적인 예측인자로 나타났다. 결론 : 이상의 결과는 UIP 진단시의 $D_{LCO)$는 UIP환자의 예후를 예측할 수 있는 임상적 지표임을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2012

목적: 많은 의료인들은 여명 예측을 어려워하는데, 교육의 부족이 이러한 어려움을 가져오는 요인들 중 하나이다. 그러나 최근 여명 예측에 도움이 되는 여러 가지 예후 지수가 발표되었다. 본 연구에서는 의료인들을 대상으로 예후 지수에 대해 교육을 실시하고 이러한 교육이 여명 예측의 정확도, 자신감, 지식을 향상시키는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2009년 7월 22일, 경기도 소재 일개 대학병원에서 '말기암환자의 여명 예측'에 대한 교육을 실시하고 간호사 및 의사 29명의 참가자를 대상으로 교육 전 후의 여명 예측에 대한 자신감, 정확도, 지식의 항목을 중심으로 변화를 측정하였다. 교육은 완화의학을 전공한 1인의 가정의학과 교수가 파워포인트를 사용하여 Palliative Prognostic score (PaP score)와 Objective Prognostic Score (OPS)에 대해 강의하고 상호문답 방식으로 40여분간 진행하였다. 결과: 교육 전 후의 자신감 평균은 교육 전의 $4.00{\pm}1.73$ (평균${\pm}$표준편차)점 (0~10 visual analog scale)에 비해서 교육 후가 $5.83{\pm}1.71$점으로 유의하게 높았으며(P<0.001) 나이가 많을수록 교육 전 여명 예측의 자신감이 유의하게 높았고(P=0.04), 진료 또는 간호 증례 수가 많을수록 여명 예측 교육 전 후의 자신감이 유의하게 높게 나왔다(각각 P=0.005, P=0.017). 교육 전 후의 여명 예측 정확도도 교육 후가 27/29명(93.1%), 교육 전이 14/29명(48.0%)으로, 교육 후가 교육 전보다 유의하게 높게 나왔다(P<0.001). 결론: 예후 지수를 활용하여 여명 예측을 교육했을 때 여명 예측에 대한 자신감, 정확도의 상승은 유의하였다. 이러한 결과의 일반화를 위해 앞으로 의료인들을 대상으로 하는 생존 기간 예측 교육이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2024

Purpose: Trauma is an important public health concern, and it is important to increase the survival rate of patients with trauma and enable them to return to society in a better condition. Initial treatment in the emergency department (ED) is closely associated with the prognosis of patients with trauma. However, studies regarding laboratory biomarker tests that can help predict the prognosis of trauma patients are limited. Presepsin is a novel biomarker of inflammation that can predict a poor prognosis in patients with sepsis. This study aimed to determine whether presepsin could be used as a prognostic indicator in patients with polytrauma. Methods: The study included patients with trauma who had visited a single regional ED from November 2021 to January 2023. Patients who had laboratory tests in the ED were included and analyzed retrospectively through chart review. Age, sex, injury mechanism, vital signs, surgery, the outcome of ED treatment (admission, discharge, transfer, or death), and trauma scores were analyzed. Results: Overall, 550 trauma patients were enrolled; 59.1% were men, and the median age was 64 years (interquartile range, 48.8-79.0 years). Patients in a hypotensive state (systolic blood pressure, <90 mmHg; n=39) had higher presepsin levels (1,061.5±2,522.7 pg/mL) than those in a nonhypotensive state (n=511, 545.7±688.4 pg/mL, P<0.001). Patients hospitalized after ED treatment had the highest presepsin levels (660.9 pg/mL), followed by those who died (652.0 pg/ mL), were transferred to other hospitals (514.9 pg/mL), and returned home (448.0 pg/mL, P=0.041). Conclusions: Serum presepsin levels were significantly higher in trauma patients in a hypotensive state than in those in a nonhypotensive state. Additionally, serum presepsin levels were the highest in hospitalized patients with trauma, followed by those who died, were transferred to other hospitals, and returned home.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2006

Objective : Electrodiagnostic test has shown diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in carpal tunnel syndrome[CTS]. This study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcome of endoscopic carpal tunnel ligament release[ECTR] and the predictive value of sensory nerve conduction. Methods : From January 1998 to December 2004, 87 patients [44 right hand, 37 left hand, 6 bilateral hands] with CTS who underwent ECTR were followed up in our hospital for an average of 24 months. We retrospectively analyzed the results with previous medical records. All patients underwent electrodiagnostic test and ECTR. The patients were divided into three groups according to the electrodiagnostic test results. Group [A] was normal sensory nerve response, Group [B] was slowing sensory response and Group [C] was no sensory response. Improvement of the symptom after ECTR was assessed using a visual analogue scale[VAS] score. Results : Differences between the three groups on the correlation of severity of sensory potential and duration of preoperative symptoms were significant. The mean value of improved VAS scores for the three groups were $6.0{\pm}0.96$ in the Group A, $6.11{\pm}0.48$ in the Group B and $6.14{\pm}0.53$ in the Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between the severity of sensory nerve response and improvement in VAS score after ECTR. Complications included a wound infection, a case of skin necrosis, and two patients with persistent symptoms without any improvement. Conclusion : Although electrodiagnostic test has been known to be useful, sensory nerve response is considered not to be a good prognostic value for carpal tunnel syndrome after ECTR.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.248-260
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• 2020

Objective : To investigate the efficiency of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fiber-tracking based neuronavigation and assess its usefulness in the preoperative surgical planning, prognostic prediction, intraoperative course and outcome improvement. Methods : Seventeen patients with cerebral masses adjacent to corticospinal tract (CST) were given standard magnetic resonance imaging and DTI examination. By incorporation of DTI data, the relation between tumor and adjacent white matter tracts was reconstructed and assessed in the neuronavigation system. Distance from tumor border to CST was measured. Results : The sub-portion of CST in closest proximity to tumor was found displaced in all patients. The chief disruptive changes were classified as follows : complete interruption, partial interruption, or simple displacement. Partial interruption was evident in seven patients (41.2%) whose lesions were close to cortex. In the other 10 patients (58.8%), delineated CSTs were intact but distorted. No complete CST interruption was identified. Overall, the mean distance from resection border to CST was 6.12 mm (range, 0-21), as opposed to 8.18 mm (range, 2-21) with simple displacement and 2.33 mm (range, 0-5) with partial interruption. The clinical outcomes were analyzed in groups stratified by intervening distances (close, <5 mm; moderated, 5-10 mm; far, >10 mm). For the primary brain tumor patients, the proportion of completely resected tumors increased progressively from close to far grouping (42.9%, 50%, and 100%, respectively). Five patients out of seven (71.4%) experienced new neurologic deficits postoperatively in the close group. At meantime, motor deterioration was found in six cases in the close group. All patients in the far and moderate groups received excellent (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score, 0-1) or good (mRS score, 2-3) rankings, but only 57.1% of patients in the close group earned good outcome scores. Conclusion : DTI fiber tracking based neuronavigation has merit in assessing the relation between lesions and adjacent white matter tracts, allowing prediction of patient outcomes based on lesion-CST distance. It has also proven beneficial in formulating surgical strategies.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2000

Objective : Many authors suggest that patients with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage(tSAH) visible on first CT after heve injury had a significantly worse prognosis than patients who do not. The aim of this study is to identify patients with tSAH who present with a bad prognosis by reviewing their clinicoradiological features and plan appropriate treatments. Patients and Methods : We reviewed and analysed the factors that influenced discharge outcomes in 172 patients with tSAH for a 3-year period. The outcome was divided into good(good recovery and moderate disability of glasgow outcome scale) and good(severe disability, vegetative state and death). Results : A regression analysis of statistical significant factors(p<0.05) among the clinical and CT features ranked them by descending order of contribution to Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) scores at the time of discharge from acute hospitalization as follows 1) clinical : admission Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), hypotension, CT grade, abnormal APTT, skull fracture, hyperglycemia(>160mg/dl), hypoxia, operation, 2) CT : basal cistern effacement(BCE), mass lesion, cortical sulcal effacement(CSE), midline shift. Conclusion : We have also experienced that the CT grading scale proposed by Green et al is a simple and useful prognostic factor. The authors believe that the patients with high CT grade need adjuvant therapies as of well surgery but it seems mandatory to consider early identification and correction of hypotension, hyperglycemia, and hypoxia in emergency setting.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2005

Objective : The purposes of this study are to evaluate the efficacy of en bloc open-door laminoplasty and to investigate the validity of various factors as prognotic indicators in patients with multisegmental spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament[OPLL]. Methods : The authors reviewed 43 cases in whom laminoplasty were performed for cervical myelopathy between January 2000 and December 2002. Clinical symptoms and results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association[JOA] scale. The recovery rate was calculated and then assessed for prognostic factors such as preoperative JOA scores, ages, history of previous trauma, duration of symptoms and signal change in cord on T2-weighted magnetic resonance Image. Results : In cervical stenosis, canal widening of antero-posterior diameter and dimension after laminoplasty is 4.16mm, $87.43mm^2$ and in OPLL is 6.20mm, $117.61mm^2$. In all cases there wasn't neurologic deterioration, mild postoperative complications developed in seven cases. Four patient had a limitation of range of neck motion and the other one showed kyphotic change and another two showed C5 radiculopathy. The recovery rate of JOA score in cervical stenosis and OPLL was 62% and 68% respectively. Duration of symptoms, the severity[preoperative JOA score], and signal change in cord on T2-weighted magnetic resonance image had close relationship to the clinical outcomes. Conclusion : Unilateral en bloc laminoplasty is simultaneous expansile and decompressive method. And preoperative JOA score, symptom duration and high signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance image can be used to predict prognosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7091-7095
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• 2014

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of CpG island promoter methylation of BMP6, a member of the transforming growth factor beta family, in tissue samples from colorectal cancers (CRC) and look for its association with BMP6 expression and clinicopathological correlation. Materials and Methods: Methylation specific PCR for the BMP6 promoter region was performed with 85 frozen tissue samples of CRC and 45 of normal colon. Methylation status of MLH1 was also determined by the same method. Expression of BMP6 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC), using Allred's scoring system. The methylation status was analyzed against clinical and pathological parameters in CRC. Results: The study revealed BMP6 hypermethylation in 34 of 85 tumor specimens (40%), and 15 out of 45 normal tissue samples from CRC (33%). The incidence of hypermethylation was inversely correlated with IHC score. Allred's scores of 7 or more were correlated with lower frequency of BMP6 hypermethylation (29% compared to 50% in the remaining, p-value 0.049). However, there was no association between hypermethylation status and any clinicopathological parameters. The methylation status of BMP6 was not correlated with that of MLH1, a key methylation determinant in CRC. On survival analysis, there was no significant difference in progress-free survival (PFS) between the cases with and without hypermethylation (2-year PFS 74% and 76%, respectively). Conclusions: CpG island methylation of BMP6 is found in high frequency in CRC and this epigenetic event is associated with suppressed protein expression in the tumor tissue. However, the marker is not associated with tumor progression of the disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2061-2067
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• 2014

Background: It has been demonstrated that neutrophil:lymphocyte (NLR) and platelet:lymphocyte (PLR) ratios are associated with prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pretreatment white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, platelet, basophil and eosinophil counts, LDH level, NLR and PLR are associated with prognosis in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed files of 50 patients who were managed with a diagnosis of MPM between 2005 and 2010. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatments, response to treatment and prognostic factors were evaluated, along with relationships between pretreatment blood parameters and prognosis. Results: Overall, 38 men and 12 women were included to the study. Mean age was $61.5{\pm}9.4$ years (range: 39-83 years). There was advanced disease in 86% (n=43) and the histological type was epithelial mesothelioma in the majority (82%). Of the cases, 17 (34%) received radiotherapy, while 42 cases underwent first- and second-line chemotherapy, with cisplatin plus pemetrexed as the most commonly used regimen. In the assessment after therapy, it was found that there was complete response in 4 cases (8%), partial response in 10 cases (20%), stable disease in 17 cases (34%) and progression in 19 cases (38%). Median follow-up was 10 months (range: 10 day-30 months). Median overall survival was found to be 20.7 months while median progression-free survival as 10 months. In univariate and multivariate analyses, it was found that factors significantly affecting overall survival included stage (p=0.030), response to treatment (p=0.026) and monocyte count (p=0.004), while factors affecting disease-free survival included NLR (p=0.018), response to treatment (p=0.001), and PLR score (p=0.003). Conclusions: Overall and disease-free survival was found to be better in cases with a WBC count<8.000, platelet count<300,000, and low NLR and PLR scores in malignant pleural mesothelioma.