• Mycobiology
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.100-106
• /
• 2012

Interest in commercial cultivation and product development of Cordyceps species has shown a recent increase. Due to its biochemical and pharmacological effects, Cordyceps militaris, commonly known as orange caterpillar fungus, is being investigated with great interest. Cultivation of C. militaris has been practiced on a large scale in order to fulfill a demand for scientific investigation and product development. Isolates of C. militaris can be easily established from both spores and tissue. For isolation of spores, ascospores released from mature stromata are trapped in sterile medium. Multi-ascospore isolates, as well as combinations of single ascospore strains, are used for production of fruiting bodies. Progeny ascospore strains can be isolated from artificial fruiting bodies, thus, the cycle of fruiting body production can be continued for a long period of time. In this study, we examined fruiting body production from multi-ascospore isolates and their progeny strains for three generations. $F_1$ progeny strains generally produced a larger number of fruiting bodies, compared with their mother multi-ascospore isolates; however, $F_2$ and $F_3$ progeny strains produced fewer fruiting bodies. Optimum preservation conditions could help to increase the vitality of the progeny strains. In order to retain the fruiting ability of the strains, further testing of various methods of preservation and different methods for isolation should be performed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.5-8
• /
• 1999

Weight records from birth to calving and calving scores of 407 two-year old heifers and weights of their offspring from birth to one year of age were used to study the effects of sire birth weight on maternal traits of their female progeny. The heifers ($G_1$) were Ihe progeny of 81 sires ($G_0$) and were classified into three classes based on their sires' birth weights (High, Medium and Low). The heifers were from three distinct breed-groups and were mated to bulls with medium birth weights within each breed-group to produce the second generation ($G_2$). The data were analyzed using a covariance model. The female progeny of high birth-weight sires were heavier from birth to calving than those sired by medium and low birth-weight bulls. The effect of sire birth weight on calving difficulty scores of their female progeny was not significant. Grand progeny (G2) of low birth-weight sires were lighter at birth than those from high birth-weight sires (p < 0.05) but they did not differ significantly in weaning and yearling weights from the other two Grand progeny groups. The results indicated that using low birth weight sires would not result in an increase in the incidence of dystocia among their female progeny calving at two-year of age and would not have an adverse effect On weaning and yearling weights of their grand progeny.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.729-732
• /
• 2000

Weight records from birth to calving and calving scores of 407 two-year old heifers and weights of their offspring from birth to one year of age were used to study the effects of sire birth weight on maternal traits of their female progeny. The heifers (G1) were the progeny of 81 sires (G0) and were classified into three classes based on their sires' birth weights (High, Medium and Low). The heifers were from three distinct breed-groups and were mated to bulls with medium birth weights within each breed-group to produce the second generation (G2). The data were analyzed using a covariance model. The female progeny of high birth-weight sires were heavier from birth to calving than those sired by medium and low birth-weight bulls. The effect of sire birth weight on calving difficulty scores of their female progeny was not significant. Grand progeny (G2) of low birth-weight sires were lighter at birth than those from high birth-weight sires (p<0.05) but they did not differ significantly in weaning and yearling weights with the other two Grand progeny groups. The results indicated that using low birth weight sires would not result in an increase in the incidence of dystocia among their female progeny calving at two-year of age and would not have an adverse effect on weaning and yearling weights of their grand progeny.

• 한국농림기상학회지
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 경기도 가평과 관주 그리고 충청북도 영동에 조성된 잣나무 차대검정림을 대상으로 20년생까지의 연도별 구과 결실량에 미치는 미기후의 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위해 지역별ㆍ연도별 구과 결실량을 측정하여 분석하였으며, 지형기후학적 방법과 공간통계기법을 사용하여 차대검정림의 연도별 미기후 조건을 추정하여 구과 결실량에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 착과수 및 착과 본수를 조사한 결과 가평 지역은 9년생부터, 광주 지역은 10년 생부터 그리고 영동 지역은 이보다 훨씬 늦은 14년생부터 착과가 이루어지기 시작하여 지역별 편차가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 지역별 총 착과수와 가계별 착과수에서도 큰 변이를 나타내고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 구과 결실량과 지역별 미기후간의 상관분석 결과를 보면 가평 지역의 경우 개화수분 당년의 11월부터 익년 3월까지 5개월 간의 흐린 날수 합계가 높은 부의 상관을 나타내었으며, 광주 지역의 경우 개화수분 당년 6월부터 결실년도 8월까지 15개월 동안의 일조시수 합계가 유의성이 높은 부의 상관을 나타내었다. 한편, 영동 지역의 경우는 개화수분 당년의 11월부터 익년 3월까지의 평균기온 평균치와 개화수분 당년의 5월 평균기온 등에서 부의 상관관계를 인정할 수 있었다. 한편 구과 결실량을 기후지수에 의해 추정하기 위한 최적 회귀식은 지역별로 다양한 기후변수가 채택되었으나 비교적 설명력이 높아 여러 가지 환경 요인 중에서 미기후 조건이 구과 결실량에 영향을 미치는 것으로 판명되었다. 본 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 잣나무 우량 종자생산에 적합한 입지선정에 필요한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.1505-1510
• /
• 2001

A method for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) was introduced incorporating the information of mixed progeny from complex pedigrees. The method consisted of two steps based on single marker analysis. The first step was to examine the marker-trait association with a mixed model considering common environmental effect and reversed QTL-marker linkage phase. The second step was to estimate QTL effects by a weighted least square analysis. A simulation study indicated that the method incorporating mixed progeny from multiple generations improved the accuracy of QTL detection. The influence of within-genotype variance and recombination rate on QTL analysis was further examined. Detecting a QTL with a large within-genotype variance was more difficult than with a small within-genotype variance. Most of the significant marker-QTL association was detectable when the recombination rate was less than 15%.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.103-108
• /
• 2004

본 연구는 나리의 종간잡종 육성체계를 확립하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 Oriental과 Asiatic 잡종 (OA-hybrid) 의 후대 획득에 필요한 실험을 수행하여 얻은 결과이다. 체세포 배수화를 통한 이질 4배체 OA-hybrid 3계통으로 화분발아 실험을 수행한 결과, 0-80% 범위로 계통간 차이가 현저하였다. 이질 4배체 OA-hybrid를 자방친 또는 화분친으로 사용하고 Asiatic 또는 Oriental hybrid와 교배시 후대 획득수에 차이가 있었는데 4배체 OA-hybrid를 화분친으로 이용하였을 때, 그리고 상대친을 Asiatic hybrid로 교배하였을 때 후대획득이 현저히 용이하였다. 그러나, 이질 4배체 F$_1$ OA-hybrid를 자방친으로 사용하거나 Oriental hybrid와 교배하면 후대 획득률이 현저히 저하되거나 또는 전혀 후대생산이 이루어지지 않았다. 이질 4배체 F$_1$ OA-hybrid와 교배시 상대친의 ploidy level은 4배체 보다는 2배체가 유리하였다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.128-134
• /
• 2014

Nesolynx thymus Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is one among 20 hymenopteran parasitoids reported to attack the uzi fly, Exorista bombycis, which in turn infests the silkworm, Bombyx mori accounting a cocoon yield loss of 10-20%. A host of factors viz., age and size of host, age and size of parasitoid, availability of host, temperature and quality of host are reported to influence the reproductive efficiency of the parasitoids. In the present study an attempt was made to record the influence of foraging parasitoid density on their reproductive performance. Three day-old uzi pupae were offered to varying numbers (1 - 10) of 2 day old Nesolynx thymus adults for parasitization. The progeny production per pupa (84.44 - 132.77) increased significantly with increase in the number of foraging parasitoid adults (1 - 10) however, progeny production per female decreased. The sex ratio (M : F) (1:25.49 - 1:1.53) decreased significantly with increase in foraging parasitoid adults. The morphometric parameters except female abdomen width of first generation parasitoid showed significant negative correlation with number of foraging adults. However, correlation between the parasitoid size in first generation and their reproductive performance was nonsignificant.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.114-116
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 P. capsici의 난포자를 다량으로 확보하기 위하여 우수한 액체 배지를 선발하고 난포자의 발아율을 조사할 뿐만 아니라 $F_1$ progeny를 확보하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시한 8개 액체배지 중 carrot broth와 V8C broth가 난포자형성을 위해 가장 적당한 배지였다. 총 11균주의 P. capsici(CapA형)과 P. tropicalis(CapB형)를 선발하였고 P. capsici(CapA형)에 P. tropicalis(CapB형)을 교배하는 서로 다른 9개 조합의 교배에서 얻은 난포자로부터 총 129 균주의 $F_1$ hybrid progeny를 얻었으며 난포자의 발아율은 0.64-4.0%(평균 1.85%)이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2020

Objective: The present trial was conducted to determine the influence of different dietary fatty acid (omega-3 and omega-6) sources on reproductive performance of female broiler breeders and growth performance and carcass traits of their progeny. Methods: Two hundred and twenty, 25 weeks old Ross-308 male (20) and female (200) broiler breeders were used in the experiment for the period of 6 weeks. All birds were randomly divided into four dietary treatments (containing 2% soybean oil, 2% sunflower oil, 2% flaxseed oil, and 2% fish oil) each with five replicates of one male and ten females. Throughout this experiment hatching performance of broiler breeders, progeny growth performance and carcass parameters were recorded. Results: The results showed that the inclusion of different fatty acid sources in female broiler breeders diet had no significant effects (p>0.05) on number of fertile eggs, post-hatch mortality, and fertility rate. The soybean oil supplemented group had significantly (p<0.05) higher late embryonic mortality compared to other three treatments. Conclusion: It was concluded that inclusion of 2% of different sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (especially 2% flax seed oil) in broiler breeders' diet can reduce late embryonic mortality. The other reproductive characteristics of parents and growth and carcass characteristics of progeny remained unaltered by dietary sources of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2012

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate various crops, especially tomato, in greenhouses and fields. Here, we investigated whether different sugar solutions have any effects on the oviposition and colony development of Bombus terrestris queens. The types of sugar solution used were a white sugar solution, brown sugar solution, dark brown sugar solution, and prepared sugar solution; all solution contained with a 40% sugar concentration and 0.3% sorbic acid. Among these sugar solutions, B. terrestris queens reared on the white sugar solution exhibited the best results; the rates of oviposition, colony foundation and progeny-queen production were $75.0{\pm}11.0$, $33.0{\pm}9.6$ and $21.7{\pm}7.3$, respectively, which corresponded to 1.1-33.0-fold increases over the results of other sugar solutions. Queens reared on the prepared sugar solution did not found any colonies. The death rate within one month was lowest for the queens reared on the white sugar solution at $26.1{\pm}10.9%$, which was 1.2-2.0-fold lower than the rate for the other sugar solutions. Furthermore, the numbers of progeny produced by queens reared on the white sugar solution, $131.4{\pm}38.8$ workers and $51.0{\pm}40.6$ queens, were also higher, corresponding to 1.1-1.2-fold increases compared to queens raised on the other sugar solutions. Therefore, the white sugar solution was the favorable sugar solution for the egg-laying and colony developmental characteristics of B. terrestris queens.