• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.373-378
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• 1993

식물성 유지에 존재하는 유리지방산과 유기산들을 고상추출법으로 분리 농축하여 안정하고 휘발성이 큰 TBDMS 유도체로 전환한 후 GC와 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 고상 추출하기 전 유지를 dichloromethane에 용해시키고 $NaHCO_3$, 포화수용액으로 추출하는 방법이 지방만 회수에 매우 효과적이었으며 TBDMS 유도체화하기 전 유기산들을 triethylammonium염으로 만들어 줌으로써 미량의 휘발성 유기산의 손실을 막을 수 있었다. 대두유, 미강유. 참기름, 들기름 등을 분석한 결과 탄소수가 많은 유리지방산들이 주로 동정되었으며 정제하지 않은 참기름에서는 탄소수가 홀수인 지방산들을 포함한 다양한 유기산들이 확인되었다. 아직 보고된 바 없는 아라키드산과 vanillic acid를 각각 들기름과 참기름에서 발견하였으며 참기름에 존재하는 유리상태의 올레산에 대한 리놀레산의 양적비율은 $1.02{\sim}1.18$로 문헌에 보고된 전체지방산 중의 함량비율인 1.19와 상당히 유사했다. 유리상태로서의 올레산과 리놀레산의 함량비는 참기름의 adulteration 여부를 판정하는 지표로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다. 유지의 유기산 조성을 단순화된 막대그래프 형태의 RI spectra로 표현한 결과 각 유지의 패턴분별이 매우 용이했다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7897-7907
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• 2014

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4241-4246
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• 2016

Background: Dysregulation of miRNA expression may be used as a biomarker for specific tumours because it may contribute to development of cancer. Circulating miRNA profiles have been highlighted for their potential as predictive markers in heterogeneous diseases such as breast cancer. In the literature, there is evidence that miR-195 levels are differentially expressed pre- and post-operative periods in breast cancer patients. At the same time, miRNA expression levels may vary because of ethnic origins. This study aimed to determine expression levels and potential roles of miR-195 in Turkish breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The expression patterns of miR-195 were initially examined in breast cancer tissues (luminal A and B type) (n=96). Subsequently, blood samples were prospectively collected from preoperative and postoperative Turkish breast cancer patients and disease free controls. Total RNA was isolated, and the expression level of miR-195 was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: We found that miR-195 level was altered in Turkish breast cancer patients, with down-regulation evident in breast cancer tissues compared to normal adjacent specimens. Furthermore, circulating levels of miR-195 was significantly decreased in post-operative blood samples compared with pre-operative levels (p=0.01 and <0.05). However, miR-195 was significantly increased in pre-operative blood samples of the luminal B type (p=0.04 and <0.05). Conclusions: This study represents the first report of a miR-195 expression profile in Turkish breast cancer patients. Our data suggests that miR-195 levels might be a clinically useful biomarker in the earliest stage of Turkish breast cancer patients.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.2342-2348
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• 2014

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were grafted to both ends of Pluronic$^{(R)}$ F68 ($(EO)_{75}(PO)_{30}(EO)_{75}$) triblock copolymer to produce poly{(lactic acid)$_m$-co-(glycolic acid)$_n$}-b-poly(ethylene oxide)$_{75}$-b-poly(propylene oxide)$_{30}$-b-poly(ethylene oxide)$_{75}$-b-poly{(lactic acid)$_m$-co-(glycolic acid)$_n$} (PLGA-F68-PLGA) pentablock copolymers. Molecular weights of PLGA blocks were controlled and five kinds of pentablock copolymers with different PLGA block lengths were synthesized using in-situ ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide and glycolide with tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate ($Sn(Oct)_2$) catalyst. PLGA-F68-PLGA pentablock copolymers were characterized by $^1H$- and $^{13}C$-NMR, GPC, and TGA. The numbers (2m, 2n) of repeating units for lactic acid and glycolic acid inside PLGA segments were obtained as (48, 17), (90, 23), (125, 40), (180, 59), and (246, 64), with $^1H$-NMR measurement. From NMR data, the resultant molecular weights were determined in the range of 12,700-29,700, which were similar to those obtained from GPC. Polydispersity index was increased in the range of 1.32-1.91 as the content of PLGA blocks increased. TG and DTG thermograms showed discrete degradation traces for PLGA and F68 blocks, which indicate the weight fractions of PLGA blocks in pentablock copolymers can be calculated by TG profile and it is possible to remove PLGA block selectively. Hydrodynamic radius and radius of gyration of pentablock copolymer micelle were obtained in the range of 46-68 nm and 31-49 nm, respectively, in very dilute (i.e. 0.005 wt %) aqueous solution of THF:$H_2O$ = 10:90 by volume at $25^{\circ}C$.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 근로자의 구강건조증상과 다양한 구강자각증상에 대하여 알아보고 근로자의 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 미치는 요인들에 대해 조사 분석하여 근로자의 구강건강증진을 도모하는 프로그램개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2012년 8월 1일부터 9월 20일까지 전라북도 소재의 5개의 산업장 근로자를 대상으로 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 구강건조증상은 사무직 근로자가 2.59점으로 영업직 근로자 1.71점보다 유의하게 구강건조증상 정도가 높았다 (p<0.001). 2. OHIP-14는 비정규직이 2.05점, 정규직이 1.82점으로 나타났다(p<0.00 1). 3. 구강건조증상은 OHIP-14와 양의 상관관계를 보였다 (r=0.456). OHIP-14는 연령과는 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 (r=0.209), 최종학력과 음의 상관관계를 보였다(r=-0.136). 4. 구강건조증상이 심할수록(${\beta}=0.383$, p<0.001), 연령이 높을수록(${\beta}=0.221$, p<0.001), 치과질환을 갖고 있다고 느꼈을 때(${\beta}=0.146$, p<0.01) OHIP-14에 유의하게 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 위와 같이 근로자들의 구강건강관련 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인을 참고하여 산업장 근로자의 구강건강증진을 도모하는 프로그램을 개발하고 국가보건정책 부분에서 산업구강보건 개선을 위해 적극 고려해야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 지구물리
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2000

보문분지의 대체적인 분지구조를 밝히기 위해 분지를 동서로 횡단하는 측선 Line-1, 분지의 동측 경계를 횡단하는 측선 Line-2, 분지내부의 측선 Line-3을 설정하고, 측선 Line-1에서는 자력탐사와 방사능탐사, 측선 Line-2에서는 방사능 탐사, 측선3에서는 탄성파탐사를 실시하였다. 자력 및 방사능탐사 결과, 측선 Line-1을 따라 측선의 기점 서측 2.55 km, 동측 1.6 km에서 이상값을 보이고, 측선2에서는 방사능값이 1.9 km에서 급격한 변화를 나타내고 있으며, 이 급격한 변화는 지질도상의 분지경계부와 정확히 일치한다. 자력탐사 결과, 백악기 기반암지역은 높은 자력이상$(200\;{\sim}\;500\;nT)$, 보문분지 내에서는 상대적으로 낮은 자력이상$(-100\;{\sim}\;+100\;nT)$을 보여 대조적인 특성을 보인다. 또한 방사능강도에서도 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 백악기 기반암지역은 보문분지지역에 비하여 상대적으로 낮다. 보문분지 내의 자력이상치는 서쪽이 낮고 동쪽이 높은 형태를 보여 분지구조가 서쪽이 깊고 동쪽으로 얕아지는 반지구형임을 나타낸다. 또한 보문분지의 서측 경계부의 기존의 흑색셰일로 표기되었던 백악기 기반암지역이 높은 자력이상치와 낮은 방사능강도를 보여 화산암일 가능성이 높은 것으로 판명된다. 탄성파탐사 결과 측선3지역에서는 455 m/s, 1904 m/s, 2662 m/s의 속도를 갖는 지층들이 존재하머, 심부 지층구조는 서쪽으로 $2.3^{\circ}$ 기울어진 경사구조로 해석된다. 이러한 해석은 자력이상곡선으로부터 해석된 서쪽이 깊고 동쪽으로 얕아지는 반지구형(half-graben)모델과 일치 한다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1998

Background: Hypopharyngeal cancer represents about one-third the incidence of laryngeal cancer which is the most common cancer in head and neck area. Although there have been numerous reports regarding its clinical and statistical characteristics, more precise and ample data should be collected and analyzed in this country. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the pattern and patient's profile of the hypopharyngeal cancer, and we reviewed the treatment outcomes to search for an index of treatment modalities. Materials and Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed 73 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer treated at Yonsei Medical Center during the 10-year period from 1985 to 1994. Five-year survival rate was calculated according to the primary site, clinical stage and treatment modality. Results: The incidence was predominated in male by 9 to 1 and peak incidence was 6th and 7th decades. Pyriform sinus was the main primary site(80.8%) followed by posterior hypopharyngeal wall(13.7%) and postcricoid area(5.5%). Advanced stage cancers(87.7%) were more common than early stage cancers. Radiotherapy(60.3%) was the most commonly used as primary treatment modality. Neck node metastasis was early occurred even in early stage cancers(61.5%), and overall rate of neck node metastasis was 69.9%. All surgical cases received procedures more than total laryngectomy and partial pharyngectomy. The most common cause of death was primary failure(81.5%) and it was highest in radiotherapy group. Five-year survival rate was significantly high in surgery group(90.9%). The overall 5-year survival rate of hypopharyngeal cancer was 30.3%. Conclusion: High index of suspicion should be required for early diagnosis. Also, surgery may be recommended for the primary treatment modality in advanced stage cancers.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-274
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• 1990

한국 남해역에서 정기적인 해양 관측을 실시하고 있는 국립수산진흥원의 해양관측 정선이 외해쪽에만 치중되어 있어 연안수와 외해수간의 상호관계를 상세히 규명하기 어렵고 또한 해역에 따라서는 정선간의 간격이 커 복잡한 해황을 정확하게 파악하지 못하는 경우도 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 1986년 5월 23~25일간 부산수산대학교 실습선 402호를 이용하여 위와 같은 전선대 해역(제주도 동부 해역 부근)에서 자주 발생한다고 알려져 있는 수온역전 현상에 대해 DBT(Digital Momery Bathythermograph)를 사용하여 현장관측을 실시하여 보다 상세한 수온역전 구조와 그 발생 기구를 파악하고 부차적으로 이러한 수온역전 현상이 이 해역에 존재하고 있는 각 수괴들과 어떠한 관계가 있는가를 밝히고자 하였다. 그 결과, 총 67개 정점에서 수온역전이 출현한 정점은 39개이며, 그 출현빈도는 58.20%였다. 한정점에 수온역전 출현빈도는 한 개 층이 9개로서 13.42%, 두 개 층은 14개로서 20.80%, 세 개 층은 16개로서 23.88%로 나타났다. 수온역전은 대체로 수온약층 하의 수심인 40m 이심에서 일어났고 역전 수온 범위는 14~16$^{\circ}C$였다. 제주도 동부 해역에서 출현한 수온역전은 고온 고염의 쓰시마난류수가 저온 저염의 한국남안연안수 사이를 침투(intrusion)하여 생기는 수온역전과 저온 저염의 한국남안연안수가 고온 고염의 쓰시마난류수 사이를 침투하여 생기는 수온역전의 두 가지가 있다. 그리고 이러한 수온역전이 전선대에서 빈번히 발생함을 해양 관측을 통하여 구체적으로 밝혔다. 그리고 앞으로도 전선대에서 수온역전의 기구를 규명하여 각 수괴의 존재를 규명하는 문제로 계속적으로 연구해야 될 과제하고 생각한다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.592-601
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to develop Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point-based standardized recipe applicable to cook/chilled soy sauceglazed mackerel and to evaluate the qualities related to the product flow of this item. After conducting experimental cooking, preliminary test, and analysis of recipes, critical control points were identified, control methods were determined, and HACCP-based recipe was standardized. At each critical control point, time-temperature profile was recorded and microbiological analysis (total aerobic plate counts, psychrotrophic plate count, coliform, and fecal coliform count), chemical analysis (pH, acid value and volatile based nitrogen (VBN)) and sensory evaluation of the item were done. Time-temperature data showed that the time the menu item had passed through temperature danger zone (5∼60$^{\circ}C$) during all phases was 60 min. At rapid cooling, but after cooling at room temperature, the temperature of this menu item did not drop below the ambient temperature. The results of microbiological test were negative throughout all phases following cooking and the results of chemical analysis did not change significantly in terms of storage periods except for VBN which increased on 7th day significantly(p<0.05). After steam/convection oven reheating and microwave oven reheating, the sensory score of the only appearance decreased significantly related to the storage time of overall quality profiles. But significant differences were not detected according to two reheating methods. In conclusion, this HACCP-based recipe was considered as an effective tool for assuring microbial as well as sensory quality of this cook/chilled item.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

This research compared the features of respiration and phonation between practical musicology students and general male students, according to their smoking status. Participants of this research are 15 practical musicology male students attending ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university and 16 general ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ university students. The participants, both non-smokers and smokers with 5-years of smoking history have no history of voice disease in any case and have normal cognitive functions. The results indicated that, first, there is not a notable difference in the respiratory activity status(FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC), regardless of major and smoking status. In MPT, even though there is no significant difference in accordance with their majors, considering smoking status, the smoker group was shorter than non-smoker group significant difference statistically (p<.01). Second, the divisions of participants' major did not show significant difference in Fo, jitter, shimmer, and NHR in the vowel prolongation task. However, the smoker group showed a significantly higher degree of jitter and shimmer than the non-smoker group (p<.05) as Fo and NHR shows no difference. In the case of VRP, maximum frequency and frequency range of the practical group are significantly higher than normal group statistically (p<.001). Moreover, although the difference of the minimum frequency shown at the statistic is not significant, practical group showed a higher tendency of frequency than normal group (p=.051). In conclusion, even though there is no difference in respiratory activity between the smoker group and non-smoker group, the MPT of the smoker group is shorter than that of non-smoker group. In addition, the smoker group showed a higher degree of jitter and shimmer than the non-smoker group. MPT is related to the valve action of vocal fold that passes through the glottis. Thus, it is interpreted that the smoker group has a lower quality of voice and valve action of the vocal fold. Also, the practical group has a higher degree of maximum frequency and frequency range than the normal group. This research can function as basic data for vocal characteristics for the majors in relation to the voice-specializing.