• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.2131-2136
• /
• 2016

Background: Cancer is currently one of the main public health problems all over the world and its economic burden is substantial both for health systems and for society as a whole. To inform priorities for cancer control, we here estimated years of potential life lost (YPLL) and productivity losses due to cancer-related premature mortality in Iran from 2006 to 2010. Materials and Methods: The number of cancer deaths by sex and age groups for top ten leading cancers in Iran were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. To estimate the YPLL and the cost of productivity loss due to cancer-related premature mortality, the life expectancy method and the human capital approach were used, respectively. Results: There were 138,228 cancer-related deaths in Iran (without Tehran province) of which 76 % (106,954) were attributable to the top 10 ranked cancers. Some 63 % of total cancer-related deaths were of males. The top 10 ranked cancers resulted in 106,766,942 YPLL in total, 64,171,529 (60 %) in males and 42,595,412 (40%) in females. The estimated YPPLL due to top 10 ranked cancers was 58,581,737 during the period studied of which 32,214,524 (54%) was accounted for in males. The total cost of lost productivity caused by premature deaths because of top 10 cancers was 1.68 billion dollars (US$) from 2006 to 2010, ranging from 251 million dollars in 2006 to 283 million dollars in 2010. Conclusions: This study showed that the economic burden of premature mortality attributable to cancer is significant for Iranian society. The findings provide useful information about the economic impact of cancer for health system policy/decision makers and should facilitate planning of preventive intervention and effective resource allocation.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2009

The objective of this development project is to localize an automatic molten metal supplier that has been distributed by WESTOMAT, Germany, throughout the world. To achieve this purpose, an energy-saving pressurized dosing furnace and molten metal differential pressure control system that Is able to automatically supply a determined quantity of aluminum molten metal were developed. The localized equipment was installed in a site. Also, the results of the test operation of this equipment can be summarized as follows: It was able to improve the productivity because there were small decreases in supplying speeds and small losses in wastes compared to the existing mechanical molten metal supplier. Also, it was able to minimize the cost in maintenances due to the direct application of high temperature molten metals to molds. In addition, there were small energy losses due to the use of high thermal insulators compared to the existing reverberating furnace and able to prolong the life-time of furnaces and produce good quality nonferrous metals because it represented small carbon refractories and alumina in applied molten metals. Furthermore, it demonstrated no particular differences by objectively comparing it with the product by WESTOMAT.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제36권5호
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 2021

As the COVID-19 crisis continues, working environments and lifestyles have been changed unexpectedly, therefore the importance of mental health in the working environments has been highlighted. When the workers' mental health deteriorates, there will be personal losses but also human resources losses caused productivity decrements of the company or the organization. Many researchers have been tried to solve these issues with the help of ICT technologies such as wearable devices. Most wearable healthcare devices have been designed to detect the physiological status of users and collect the physical activities of users, and their applications are gradually expanding. Those devices may be good candidates to prevent loss of human resources from working environments especially under the COVID-19 situation by continuously monitoring mental health status in connection with mobile devices and managing the mental health on their own by combining mental well-being with support solutions. In this paper, the development trend of mental health measurement and mental well-being support technologies is analyzed, and development prospects are examined.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권4호
• /
• pp.770-781
• /
• 2022

Meteorological disasters caused by climate change like heat, cold waves, and unusually long rainy seasons affect the milk productivity of cows. Studies have been conducted on how milk productivity and milk compositions change due to heat stress (HS). However, the estimation of losses in milk production due to HS and hereby environmental impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are yet to be evaluated in Korean dairy farms. Dairy milk production and milk compositions data from March to October 2018, provided by the Korea Dairy Committee (KDC), were used to compare regional milk production with the temperature-humidity index (THI). Raw data for the daily temperature and relative humidity in 2018 were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This data was used to calculate the THI and the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature changing rate, as the average daily temperature range, to show the extent to which the temperature gap can affect milk productivity. The amount of milk was calculated based on the price of 926 won/kg from KDC. The results showed that the average milk production rate was the highest within the THI range 60-73 in three regions in May: Chulwon (northern region), Hwasung (central region), and Gunwi (southern region). The average milk production decreased by 4.96 ± 1.48% in northern region, 7.12 ± 2.36% in central region, and 7.94 ± 2.57% in southern region from June to August, which had a THI range of 73 or more, when compared to May. Based on the results, the level of THI should be maintained like May. If so, the farmers can earn a profit of 9,128,730 won/farm in northern region, 9,967,880 won/farm in central region, and 12,245,300 won/farm in southern region. Additionally, the average number of cows raised can be reduced by 2.41 ± 0.35 heads/farm, thereby reducing GHG emissions by 29.61 ± 4.36 kg CO₂eq/day on average. Overall, the conclusion suggests that maintaining environmental conditions in the summer that are similar to those in May is necessary. This knowledge can be used for basic research to persuade farmers to change farm facilities to increase the economic benefits and improve animal welfare.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2006

Change is inevitable and is a reality of construction projects. Most construction contracts include change clauses and allowing contractors an equitable adjustment to the contract price and duration caused by change. However, the actions of a contractor can cause a loss of productivity and furthermore can result in disruption of the whole project because of a cumulative or ripple effect. Because of its complicated nature, it becomes a complex issue to determine the cumulative impact (ripple effect) caused by single or multiple change orders. Furthermore, owners and contractors do not always agree on the adjusted contract price for the cumulative impact of the changes. A number of studies have attempted to quantify the impact of change orders on project costs and schedule. Many of these attempted to develop regression models to quantify the loss. However, regression analysis has shortcomings in dealing with many qualitative or noisy input data. This study develops ANN models to classify and quantify the labor productivity losses that are caused by the cumulative impact of change orders. The results show that ANN models give significantly improved performance compared to traditional statistical models.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제57권1호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2024

The application of gene engineering in livestock is necessary for various reasons, such as increasing productivity and producing disease resistance and biomedicine models. Overall, gene engineering provides benefits to the agricultural and research aspects, and humans. In particular, productivity can be increased by producing livestock with enhanced growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. In addition, the application of the disease resistance models prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which reduces the need for treatment, such as the use of antibiotics; consequently, it promotes the overall health of the herd and reduces unexpected economic losses. The application of biomedicine could be a valuable tool for understanding specific livestock diseases and improving human welfare through the development and testing of new vaccines, research on human physiology, such as human metabolism or immune response, and research and development of xenotransplantation models. Gene engineering technology has been evolving, from random, time-consuming, and laborious methods to specific, time-saving, convenient, and stable methods. This paper reviews the overall trend of genetic engineering technologies development and their application for efficient production of genetically engineered livestock, and provides examples of technologies approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for application in humans.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국항해항만학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.239-240
• /
• 2018

컨테이너 터미널에서의 생산성 향상 및 지속적 경쟁력 강화를 위해서는 각 터미널에서의 운영상 손실을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요하며, 이에 대한 연구로서 야드에서의 재작업(Shuffle)을 바탕으로 한 비생산성 활동(Non-Productivity Movement)에 대한 요인 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 국내 A 터미널의 운영자료를 기초로 비생산성 활동 요인을 선사, 운송사, 화주, 터미널 별로 구분하여 분석을 행하였으며, 이로서, 선사 및 운송사의 귀책사유로 인한 요인은 14.7%이며 터미널 운영관련으로는 85.3%로 나타났다. 상기 요인의 최소화를 위한 활동으로서는 신속한 정보처리 및 선사로부터의 사전정보 입수를 통한 비생산성 활동 감소가 필요하며, 또한 장치장내의 콘크리트 블록 설치를 통한 벌지아웃으로 인한 영향의 최소화 등이 밝혀지고 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제8권6호
• /
• pp.1458-1464
• /
• 2007

현재 국내 외 제조 산업은 기업 시스템의 노후화 등의 많은 문제들이 발생하고 있다. 현재의 자동차 부품공장에서의 불량품에 대한 처리방법은 제품의 생산이 완료된 후 테스트 단계를 거쳐 양품과 불량품을 분류하고 불량품이 발생하면 생산을 중단하고 생산라인의 상태를 점검하는 방식이다. 본 연구에서는 자동차 부품공장의 생산라인에서 불량품 생산을 줄이고 생산라인 가동시간의 지연을 줄이기 위한 생산성 향상을 위한 모니터링 솔루션에 대해 제안한다. 생산성 향상을 위한 모니터링 솔루션은 제품 조립의 각 단계마다 테스트를 통해 데이터를 수집하고, 수집한 데이터에서 불량이 예상되면 알람기능을 이용해서 경고를 하도록 설계하였다. 경고 메시지를 통해 불량이 예상되는 곳에 대해 조기에 조치하여 불량품이 나올 확률을 최소한으로 하고 제품의 생산지연 시간을 줄이는 것을 목표로 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.368-374
• /
• 2011

American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) is grown in some regions of the USA and Canada and marketed for its health promoting attributes. While cultivation of this plant species has taken place in North America for over 100 years, there are many challenges that need to be addressed. In this article, the current production method used by growers is described and the challenges and opportunities for research on this valuable plant are discussed. These include studies on pharmacological activity, genetic diversity within the species, genetic improvement of currently grown plants, molecular characterization of gene expression, and management of diseases affecting plant productivity. The current research developments in these areas are reviewed and areas requiring further work are summarized. Additional research should shed light on the nature of the bioactive compounds and their clinical effects, and the molecular basis of active ingredient biosynthesis, and provide more uniform genetic material as well as improved plant growth, and potentially reduce losses due to pathogens.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2002

Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi(Kalt.) plays a key role in determining the productivity of rapeseed-mustard. This pest alone attributes 30-70% losses in yield potential in different agro climatic zones with a mean loss of 54.2% in India. Considering the extent of damage caused by the pest, the present experiment was conducted at Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station during 1992-93 to 1994-95 to study the migratory nature of mustard aphid by trapping them in yellow colour pan tray and their simultaneous growth and development on three different genotypes. The temperature during noon hours is the predominant factor to govern the appearance of alate mustard aphid in rapeseed-mustard field. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that temperature and relative humidity played an important role for its development. The variety RW white flower glossy stem harboured minimum number of aphid in comparison to other two varieties B 9 and T6342. The population reached a peak of 61.28 aphids/10 cm central twig during $6^{th}$ standard week irrespective of varieties.