• 기술사
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2009

Labor productivity issues within the construction industry are receiving increasing attention. With the improvement in the standard of living, domestic laborers are avoiding 3D (Difficult, Dirty, and Dangerous) jobs by degrees. Because of this situation, the problem of insufficient labor is exacerbating in several basic industries. In particular, insufficient labor is a serious problem in the construction sector, where the workers are ageing and labor costs are increasing. In this study, we adopt a systematic approach to identify factors that influence labor productivity and analyze the causality between the factors and their ripple effects with the aim that the results of the study will help improve labor productivity and ensure its effective management.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2005

Change is inevitable and is a reality of construction projects. Most construction contracts include change clauses and allowing contractors an equitable adjustment to the contract price and duration caused by change. However, the actions of a contractor can cause a loss of productivity and furthermore can result in disruption of the whole project because of a cumulative or ripple effect. Because of its complicated nature, it becomes a complex issue to determine the cumulative impact (ripple effect) caused by single or multiple change orders. Furthermore, owners and contractors do not always agree on the adjusted contract price for the cumulative Impact of the changes. A number of studies have attempted to quantify the impact of change orders on project costs and schedule. Many of these attempted to develop regression models to quantify the loss. However, regression analysis has shortcomings in dealing with many qualitative or noisy input data. This study develops ANN models to classify and quantify the labor productivity losses that are caused by the cumulative impact of change orders. The results skew that ANN models give significantly improved performance compared to traditional statistical models.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.35-38
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• 2004

Global competitive pressures are asking industrial companies to find the best way to meet their customer's requirements, reduce the costs of products, and increase productivity. Quality improvement has been proposed and implemented as a primary means of achieving these purposes. The quality improvement usually includes a goal of reducing the costs due to poor quality. While these costs of poor quality (COPQ) are not known precisely, they are known to be very high. Also, they may be underestimated by the hidden costs due to non-value activities, such as potential lost sales, costs of redesign due to quality reasons, and extra manufacturing costs due to defects, etc. In any manufacturing or service operation, all actions and resource expenditures of a company should be focused on creating value for customers. Any activity or resource of not creating the value for customers could be regarded as waste, which consequently causes the COPQ. Some companies did use dashboards to understand and identify value added or non-value added activities in order to reduce or eliminate wastes. These dashboards must be properly designed to consider inherent differences in manufacturing or service operations among business organizations. In addition, a structured quality improvement program such as the Six Sigma must support these dashboards. In this paper, a case study of designing dashboards for evaluating and reporting the COPQ in business units is presented.

• 오토저널
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.113-126
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• 1992

Recently the multi-kind, small-amount manufacturing system has been replacing the mass manufacturing system, and domestic machining inustry also is eager to absorb the new technology because of its high productivity and cost reduction. The optimization of the cutting condition has been a vital problem in the machining industry, which would help increase the productivity and raise the international competitiveness. It is intended in this study to investigate the machining costs per unit time which is essential to the analysis of the optimal cutting condition, to computer the cutting speed that lead to the minimum machining costs and the maximum production to suggest the cutting speed range that enables efficient speed cutting, and to review the machining economy in relation to cutting depth and feed. Also considered are the optimal cutting speed and prodution rated in rrelation with feed. It is found that the minimum-cost cutting speed increases and the efficient cutting speed range is reduced as machining cost per unit time increases since the cutting speed for maximum production remains almost constant. The machining cost is also lowered and the production rate increases as the feed increases, and the feed should be selected to satisfy the required surface roughness. The machining cost and production rate are hardly affected by the cutting depth if the cutting speed stays below 100m/min, however, they are subject to change at larger cutting depth and the high-efficient speed range also is restricted. It can be established an adaptive optimal cutting conditions can be established in workshop by the auto-selection progam for optimal operation. It is expected that this method for choosing the optimal cutting conditions might contribute to the improvement of the productivity and reduced the cost. It is highly recommended to prepare the optimal cutting conditionthus obtained for future use in the programing of G-function of CNC machines. If proper programs that automatically select the optimal cutting conditions should be developed, it would be helpful to the works being done in the machine shops and would result in noticeable production raise and cost reduction.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제69권3호
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• pp.9-33
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 아동빈곤의 사회경제적 비용을 추계하는 것이다. 선행 연구를 통해 직접비용과 간접비용 항목을 선정하였고, 선정된 각 비용 항목에 대해 기존 데이터 수집과 전문가 델파이 조사를 진행하여 사회경제적 비용을 산출하였으며, 이러한 총 비용을 우리나라의 GDP에 대비하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2015년 우리나라 아동빈곤의 사회경제적 비용은 절대 빈곤율 기준 총 55조3,009억(GDP대비 3.5%),상대 빈곤율 기준 99조6,858억원(GDP대비 6.5%)에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동 빈곤의 사회경제적 비용은 직접비용에 비해 간접비용이 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전체 비용 항목 중에서 절대 빈곤율과 상대 빈곤율 기준 모두 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 것은 생산성 손실과 미취업/실직 등의 고용 관련 비용이었고, 그 다음에 범죄비용으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 빈곤 아동에 대한 조기 개입, 부모와 자녀에게 동시에 개입하는 이세대 프로그램 실시, 빈곤 아동 같은 고위험 집단의 경우 장기적이고 지속적인 개입과 더불어 통합적 개입이 필요함을 강조하였다.

• 한국아동복지학
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• 제53호
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• pp.25-50
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• 2016

본 연구는 우리나라 아동학대의 사회경제적 비용을 추계하는 것이다. 문헌 고찰을 통해 직접비용과 간접비용 항목을 선정하였고, 선정된 각 비용 항목에 대해 기존 데이터 수집과 전문가 델파이 조사를 진행하여 사회경제적 비용을 산출하였으며, 이러한 총 비용을 우리나라의 GDP에 대비하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2014년 우리나라 아동학대의 사회경제적 비용은 최소 총 3,899억원(GDP 대비 0.03%), 최대 76조원(GDP 대비 5.1%)에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아동학대의 사회경제적 비용은 직접비용에 비해 간접비용이 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전체 비용 항목 중에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 것은 고용 관련 비용이었다. 그리고 선진국에 비해 아동보호 직접 예산의 비중이 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 아동보호 예산을 늘려야 하고, 아동학대 발견율을 높이는 방안 마련이 시급히 필요하며, 간접비용을 줄이기 위해 학대 경험 아동의 전문적인 조기 치료에 힘쓰는 것이 중요함을 논의하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2015

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is an important etiologic factor in the development of certain types of cancers. The economic cost of the treatment of cancer has been steadily increasing. We therefore estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea. Methods: We reviewed metabolic syndrome-related cancers and relative risk and then calculated population attributable fractions. We analyzed insurance claims data for metabolic syndrome-related cancers in 2012 in order to estimate the direct costs associated with these cancers, including hospitalization, outpatient visits, transportation costs, and caregivers' costs as well as indirect costs such as loss of productivity due to cancer treatment and premature death. Results: In 2012, 18 070 patients in Korea had cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome. The economic burden was USD 199.8 million and the direct and indirect costs were USD 124.5 million and USD 75.3 million, respectively. Conclusions: We estimated the economic burden of cancers attributable to metabolic syndrome in Korea and the efforts are necessary to reduce this burden.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.79-98
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• 2004

Despite its contribution to the Korean medical service industry the question of how efficiently the Korean public hospitals have operated has been unresolved. This study gauges and analyzes the overall efficiency and the Malmquist productivity index in the industry over the period 1992 through 2001. In addition to cost efficiency. we also measure technical, allocative, pure technical and scale efficiencies. Furthermore. the Malmquist index is decomposed into efficiency and frontier changes. We identify several important factors which seem to have strong relationship with various inefficiency estimates. The results indicate that on average the public hospitals has wasted a significant amount of resources and costs over the period. Unlike many other industries, the low level of cost efficiency of the public hospital industry is mainly due to allocative inefficiency rather than technical inefficiency. The Maimquist productivity indices seem both due to the frontier change and efficiency change, but with more effect by the former. The results also indicate that the turnover of hospital beds has played an important role in determining efficiency and productivity of this important industry.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.636-647
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• 2012

Construction projects have become so large, complicated and incredibly high-tech that process management is currently considered one of the most important issues. Unlike typical manufacturing industries, most major construction activities are performed in the open air and thus are exposed to various environmental factors. Many studies have been conducted with the goal of establishing efficient techniques and tools for overcoming these limitations. Productivity analysis and prediction, one of the related research subjects, must be considered when evaluating approaches to reducing construction duration and costs. The aim of this research is to present a quantified impact analysis of construction delay factors on construction productivity of a steel staircase system, which has been widely applied to high rise building construction. It is also expected to improve the process by managing the factors, ultimately achieving an improvement in construction productivity. To achieve the research objectives, this paper analyzed different delay factors affecting construction duration by means of multiple regression analysis focusing on steel staircase systems, which have critical effects on the preceding and subsequent processes in structure construction. Statistical analysis on the multiple linear regression model indicated that the environment, labor and material delay factors were statistically significant, with 0.293, 0.491, and 0.203 as the respective quantified impacts on productivity.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.146-157
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• 2006

Traditional spinning systems have reached profitability limits in developed countries due to high production costs and low system productivity. Pneumatic spinning is seen as a developing system, because productivity is much higher than conventional systems. This study evaluates one of the main problems to increase productivity in pneumatic spinning, where air mass-flow is dragged by the drafting cylinders. This flow interacts with the incoming fibres deviating them from their expected path. Via laser anemometry, airflow velocity distribution around drafting cylinders has been measured and it has been found that vorticity is created at the cylinder's inlet. Extensive CFD simulation on the air flow dragged by the cylinders has given a clear insight into the vortex created, producing valuable information on how cylinder design affects the vorticity created. Several drafting cylinder designs have been tested without giving any improvement in productivity. However, the use of a drafting cylinder with holes in it produced good results to the problem of air currents, strongly reducing them and therefore allowing a sharp increase in yarn quality, as well as an increase in productivity. An extensive study on vortex kinematics has been undertaken, bringing with it a better understanding of vortex creation, development and breakdown.