• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2007

Ergone, a fungal metabolite derived from ergosterol, was previously isolated and identified from Polyporus umbellatus. Ergone is a major component of P. umbellatus known to have anti-aldosteronic diuretic effect and also displays cytotoxic activities. Most of mushroom's fruit bodies used for test contained less than 10 ${\mu}g/g$ of ergone. But P. umbellatus have larger amount of ergone than any other mushrooms. In order to improve the ergone production from the submerged culture of P. umbellatus, several factors including medium composition, culture conditions (temperature and pH) and different combinations of co-cultivation with various mycelia were studied. Among various carbon sources examined, starch proved to be most effective for the production of mycelia. The optimum pH and temperature for a flask culture of P. umbellatus mycelia were found to be 4.5 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Under the optimized culture conditions, both the ergone production (86.9 ${\mu}g/g$) and mycelial growth (3.5 g/l) increased when P. umbellatus was cultured with Armillariella mellea. When the optimized conditions were applied, both mycelium and ergone production were significantly enhanced.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.195-201
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of various culture parameters (carbon sources, temperature, initial pH of culture, NaCl concentration, and light) on the growth and canthaxanthin production by Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1. The results showed that the most effective carbon source for growth and canthaxantin production was glucose, and the best pH and temperature were 7 and $31^{\circ}C$, respectively. In addition, the biomass and canthaxanthin production increased in a medium without NaCl and in the presence of light. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum biomass, total carotenoid, and canthaxanthin production were $6.12{\pm}0.21g/l,\;4.51{\pm}0.20mg/l,\;and\;4.28{\pm}0.15mg/l$, respectively, in an Erlenmeyer flask system, yet increased to 7.25 g/l, 5.48 mg/l, and 5.29 mg/l, respectively, in a batch fermenter system.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.477-483
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• 1999

For Trametes sp. CJ-105, a kind of white-rot fungi which was collected from the mountain of Korea and was proven to be effective in decolorizing a wide range of structurally different synthetic dyes, the optimum conditions for mycelial growth and laccase(E.C. 1.10.3.2) production were investigated. Among various carbon sources, glucose showed the highest potential for the mycelial growth and laccase production, the optimum concentration being 2% glucose. For the nitrogen source, asparagine was good for the mycelial growth, while ammonium tartrate for laccase production(optimum concentration: 0.04%). The addition of thiamine and biotin increased both th emycelial growth and laccase production. When 2,5-xylidine was added as an inducer after the first day of culture, the production of alccase was seven-times higher than that in the absence of the inducer. The optimum pH and temperature conditions for laccase production by Trametes sp. CJ-105 were pH 5.0 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. In the 5L fermentation, the production of laccase reached a maximum of 340U/ml at the time when the ammonium ion was being rapidly depleted.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of cultural conditions of koji on the production of saccharogenic amylase during rice-koji making by Aspergillus awamori var. kawachii which is now widely used as koji-mold in brewing Tikju and Yakju in Korea. The optimum cultural temperature for the production of saccharogenic amylase by this mold was 36$^{\circ}C$, and at this temperature it needed 40 hours of cultivation for maximum production of this enzyme. It was favorable for high production of both organic acid and saccharogenic amylase to shift the cultural temperature form initial 36$^{\circ}C$ to 32$^{\circ}C$ after 20~25 hours of cultivation. The production of saccharogenic amylase was low when the water content of steamed rice was below 35%, but its production was high at 40~60% of water content. When the quantity of conidial inoculation was too small, the production of saccharogenic amylase was low in initial phase, but it was retrived after 40 hours of cultivation. When koji-thickness was over 3cm, the production of saccharogenic amylase was markedly restricted. The saccharogenic amylase of this koji was stable at pH 2~7, and showed high activity at pH 2~5.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of cultural conditions of koji on the production of organic acid during rice-koji making by Aspergillus awamori var. kawachii which is now widely used as koji-mold in brewing Takju and Yakju in Korea. The optimum temperature for the germination of the conidia of the mold was 35'8, and the time required for germination at this temperature was 8 hours. Rapid germination occurred when the water content of steamed rice was above 40%, but germination retardation occurred markedly below 35%. The optimum cultural temperature for the production of organic acid was 32$^{\circ}C$, and the production of organic acid was markedly restricted at 36$^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$. It was effective for the high production of both saccharogenic amylase and organic acid to shift the cultural temperature from initial 36$^{\circ}C$ to 32$^{\circ}C$ after 20~25 hours of cultivation. Initial water content suitable to the production of organic acid was 40% in steamed rice, but its production was markedly restricted below 30% of water content. When the quantity of conidial inoculation was too small, the production of organic acid was low in initial phase, but it was retrived at later period. Acid production was markedly restricted together with the increase in koji thickness.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.77-84
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• 2013

While some steps in laver aquaculture production can be controlled artificially to a certain extent, the culturing process is largely affected by natural factors, such as the characteristics of seawater, climatic and oceanographic conditions, etc. This study aims to find a direct relationship between climatic and oceanographic factors (water temperature, air temperature, salinity, rainfall, sunshine duration and wind speed) and laver aquaculture production in Wando region, the biggest aquaculture production area of laver, located in the southwest coast of Korea using a multiple regression analysis. Despite the small sample size of a dependent variable, the goodness of model fit appeared acceptable. In addition, the R-squared value was 0.951, which means that the variables were very explanatory. Model results indicated that duration of sunshine, temperature, and rainfall during the farming period from the end of September to the end of April would be important factors affecting significantly to the laver aquaculture production.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.598-601
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• 2001

Citrobacter sp. Y19 was studied for $H_2$ production from glucose in batch culture. Important conditions studied include phosphate concentration, temperature, glucose concentration, and gas-phase replacement. Optimal $H_2$ production was observed at 140 - 180 mM of phosphate and $36^{\circ}C$. When glucose concentration increased from 0.1 to 5% (w/v), $H_2$ production increased up to 2% and remained constant thereafter. Intermittent purging of the reaction bottle with Ar gas stimulated the $H_2$ production by alleviating the inhibition by $H_2$. The maximum productivity was observed to be 113.2 ml $H_2$/h-1.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-13
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• 2001

Several culture conditions affecting cellulose production by a newly isolated Acetobacter sp. A9 were examined by cultivating cells under shaking cultures. The inoculum size in the range of 1-10% (v/v) did not influence cellulose production. Maximum cellulose production was obtained with 200 rpm of agitation speed. The cells grown in the 75 ml of medium in a 250-ml conical flask produced the highest level of cellulose. The strain was able to produce cellulose at 25-3$0^{\circ}C$ with a maximum at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Cellulose production occurred at pH 4.5-7.5 with a maximum at pH6.5.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 1993

A Nuluk, a Korean traditional Koji for brewing, was made with wheat flour and Aspergillus oryzae L2 which had a good aroma and strong abilities In producing saccharogenic and dextrogenic enzymes. The cultural conditions for the production of saccharogenic and proteolytic enzymes were tested. The productivity of dextrogenic enzyme was improved when Nuluk was made with unsteamed wheat flour as compared with steamed one, but that of proteolytic enzyme was reduced. The addition of water containing 0.5% hydrochloric acid was unfavorable for the production of those two enzymes. The optimum ratio of water added to wheat flour for the production of those two enzymes was 28$^{\circ}C$ on the basis of wheat flour, The productivity of saccharogenic enzyme was enhanced when the Nuluk was molded after 20 hours of precultivation, but that of proteolytic enzyme was reduced as compared with no molding. The optimum temperatures for the production of saccharogenic enzyme and proteolytic enzyme were 36$^{\circ}C$ and 28$^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.368-374
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• 1999

Three soybean cultivars, Hwangkeum, Tanyeob and Enrei were planted in the same pot under glasshouse conditions to investigate the influence of the different soil water content such as pF 1.4(wet), 2.1(control) and 3.6(dry) on the transpiration rate, dry matter production and water requirement. The transpiration rate remained the high constant rates under the wet soil condition and the control than the dry condition, and showed a linear correlation between transpiration rate and solar radiation under the all condition of soil water. The transpiration rate highly increased in the morning, but dramatically decreased in the other time in a day. The dry matter production was higher under the conditions of wet soil and the control than that under the dry condition. Also, the dry matter production Tanyeob was higher than other cultivars under all soil water content. The water requirement was higher for Enrei and lower Tanyeob than the control.