• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2015

Several 8-cycloalkoxychrysin analogs were synthesized from 6-benzyloxy-5,8-dihydroxyflavone and cycloalkanols in 2 steps and we evaluated their inhibitory activities against NO production from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Among tested analogs, two analogs with cyclopentyl substructure (796 and 798) showed strong inhibitory activity against NO production.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.112-112
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• 2022

This study aims to confirm the possibility of using the invasive alien plants in Jeju as a functional biomaterial. To achieve this purpose, 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions were prepared for five invasive alien plants (Hypochaeris radicata, Rumex acetosella, Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc., Solanum viarum, Lactuca scariolar) and their antioxidant, antibacterial anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects were investigated. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract from invasive alien plants was shown in the order of Rumex acetosella > Hypochaeris radicata > Humulus japonicus. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract against food poisoning bacteria (4 species) and oral cavity-induced microorganisms (6 species) was measured. As a result, the extract of Humulus japonicus showed high antibacterial effects against food poisoning bacteria (E. coli, V. parahaemolyticus) and oral microbes (L. casei, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis). In LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract from invasive alien plants was investigated. As a result, the NO production inhibition activity was highest in the Rumex acetosella and the Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ethanol extract, and the NO production inhibition activity was concentration-dependent. In addition, the Rumex acetosella and the Humulus japonicus Siebold & Zucc. ethanol extract showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on cytokine (IL-6) production. These extracts also showed inhibitory activity of COX-2, an inflammatory protein. This suggests that NO production inhibition activity by the extract of invasive alien plants is the result of inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression. Currently, organic solvent fractions of crude extract are manufactured and the investigation of active ingredients is continuing along with evaluation of biological activity such as anti-inflammatory. These results are expected to be a major data for the study on the separation and utilization of active ingredients with antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects using foreign plant crude extract and solvent fractions, and are highly likely to be applied to the development of functional food and cosmetics materials.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 1998

To determine the immune effect of kimchi extracts in mice, 0.5mg/day of the extracts from kimchis, which were prepared with conventionally (general kimchi)and organically(organic kimchi) cultivated ingredients, were treated orally to male BALB/c mice. Following 1, 3 and 5 weeks of treatment , the Interleukin-2(IL-2) production in the presence (con-A-stimulated )or the absence(spontaneous)of con A 95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) and the natural killer cell (NK) activity of the splenocytes were measured. The IL-2 production in most of treatments with methanol extract from general kimchi were significantly higher than those of control(p<0.05).And at the 3 weeks of treatment, the spontaneous or con A-stimulated IL-2 productions from splenocytes of mice treated with it increased more than those of control group, by 2.8 and 2.2 times, respectively. However, the longer the treatment with methanol extracts from organic kimchi showed the higher the enhancing effect on the IL-2 production. The spontaneous or con A-stimulatdIL-2 productions form splenocytes of mice treated with dicholoromethyane fraction from general kimchi also increased at 5 weeks of treatment compared to those of control group, by 2.7 and 2.5 times, respectively. The natural killer cell activity of splenocytes from mice treated with methano lextracts from general kimchi for 1 ~5 weeks significantly higher than that of control goup (p<0.01). The effect of methano extracts from general kimchi was the highest at 3 weeks of treatment, as same as in the IL-2 production. The enhancing effect of methano extracts from organic kimchi on the NK cell activity was the highest at 5 weeks of treatment . The NK cell activity of splenocytes from mice treated with dichloromethane fraction from general kimchi for 5 weeks was significantly higher than those in control and 3 weeks of treatment. These results showed that the effects of kimchi extracts on the IL-2 production and the NK cell activity in mice were profound in long term of treatment (3 and 5 weeks than 1 week) . We suggest that kimchi extracts might have an immune effect in part due to its enhancing action on the IL-2 production and the NK cell activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.211-216
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• 2004

Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae) has long been known as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of CUWE (Citus unshiu water extract) on the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and tryptase was examined. In addition, a possible mechanism for the inhibition of trypsin-stimulated human leukemic mast cell-1 (HMC- 1 ) activation was determined. To do so, $TNF-{\alpha}$ production from the HMC-1 cells that were stimulated by trypsin (100 nM) in the presence or absence of CUWE $(10,\;100,\;and\;100\;{\mu}g/ml)$ was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription-PCR. The tryptase production was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was analyzed by Western blot. Trypsin activity was measured by using Bz-DL-Arg-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) as substrate. Results showed that the CUWE inhibited production of both $TNF-{\alpha}$ and tryptase from the trypsin-stimulated HMC-1 in a dose-dependent manner. The CUWE a1so inhibited the ERK phosphorylation and trysin activity. These results indicate that the CUWE had an inhibitory effect on $TNF-{\alpha}$ and the tryptase productions by blocking the ERK phosphorylation and trypsin activity.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.555-564
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• 2019

Biodiesel is produced through the transesterification process in the presence of alcohol and a catalyst that catalyzes the conversion of triglycerides to esters and glycerol compounds. A more optimal product conversion can be achieved using enzymes, such as lipase. Lipase is reported to be produced in osmophilic yeasts due to the low water content in their natural habitats. Wild forest honey is one of the osmophilic natural habitats in Indonesia. However, lipase-producing yeast has not been reported in the Indonesian honey. In this study, we screened the lipase-producing yeasts isolated from wild forest honey collected from Central Sulawesi. The production profile and activity of lipase were determined at different pH values and temperatures. One promising yeast was isolated from the honey, which was identified as Zygosaccharomyces mellis SG 1.2 based on ITS sequence. The maximum lipase production (24.56 ± 1.30 U/mg biomass) was achieved by culturing the strain in a medium containing 2% olive oil as a carbon source at pH 7 and 30℃ for 40 h. The optimum pH and temperature for lipase activity were 6 and 55℃, respectively. The enzyme maintained 80% of its activity upon incubation at 25℃ for 4 h. However, the enzyme activity decreased by more than 50% upon incubation at 35 and 40℃ for 2 h. This is the first study to report the lipase producing capability of Z. mellis. Further studies are needed to optimize the enzyme production.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.954-958
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• 2009

Effects of controlled- and uncontrolled-pH operations on phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) production by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain were investigated at uncontrolled-pH ($pH_{UC}$) and controlled-pH ($pH_C$) of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5 in bioreactor systems. The results showed that the recombinant PAL activity was improved significantly by controlled pH strategy. Among the $pH_C$ operations, the highest PAL activities were obtained under $pH_C$ 7.5 strategy where cell mass ($OD_{600\;nm}$) and PAL activity was 1.3 and 1.8 fold higher than those of $pH_{UC}$, respectively. The maximum PAL activity reached 123 U/g. The $pH_C$ 7.5 strategy made recombinant plasmid more stable and therefore allowed easier expression of PAL recombinant plasmid, which increased PAL production. It was indicated that the new approach (controlled-pH strategy) obtained in this work possessed a high potential for the industrial production of PAL, especially in the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.725-730
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• 2003

Three recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains showing different levels of xylose reductase activity were constructed to investigate the effects of xylose reductase activity and glucose feed rate on xylitol production. Conversion of xylose to xylitol is catalyzed by xylose reductase of Pichia stipitis with cofactor NAD(P)H. A two-substrate fermentation strategy has been employed where glucose is used as an energy source for NADPH regeneration and xylose as substrate for xylitol production. All recombinant S. cerevisiae strains Yielded similar specific xylitol productivity, indicating that xylitol production in the recombinant S. cerevisiae was more profoundly affected by the glucose supply and concomitant It generation of cofactor than the xylose reductase activity itself. It was confirmed in a continuous culture that the elevation of the glucose feeding level in the xylose-conversion period enhanced the xylitol productivity in the recombinant S. cerevisiae.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.538-542
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• 2011

The research was purposed production of oligosaccharide from alginate hydrolysis the main composition in cell walls of sea weed. We was isolated 252 strains from sea water and mud flat, the highest alginate lyase activity was selected, and identified as Sanguibacter keddieii NC9 by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. In this study was select the sodium alginate concentration, pH, temperature for the production of alginate lyase activity. Alginate lyase activity was confirmed from plate assay with 10% cetylpyridinium chloride. The optimum culture conditions for the production of alginate lyase were sodium alginate 10 g/L, peptone 5 g/L, $40^{\circ}C$, pH 9 and 36 hours incubation time. Sanguibacter keddieii NC9, its alginate lyase would be useful for the production of bioenergy and biofunctional oligosaccharides from sea weed.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.259-269
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• 1990

Changes of peroxidase activity, polyamine content and ethylene production during somatic embryogenesis in suspension-cultured carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells were investigated. As compared with nonembyrogenic cells and their medium, embryogenic cells and their medium were characterized by higher levels of peroxidase at all times of culture period. Peroxidase in embryogenic cells showed higher oxidation activity of IAA than in nonembryogenic cells at the torpedo stage, but the IAA oxidation activity of peroxidase released into embryogenic medium was lower than that of peroxidase released into nonembryogenic medium. Peroxidase patterns of embryogenic and nonembryogenic cells showed three cathodic bands, and one anodic band, while peroxidase patterns released into embryogenic and nonembryogenic media did not show any anodic bands and the isoelectric points of cathodic peroxidase were pH 7.7, 7.5 and 6.6. Compared with nonembryogenic cells, polyamine content in embryogenic cells was increased by 15% at the torpedo stage, but polyamine ratio was constant, and ethylene production was extremely low at all times of culture period. Therefore, it is suggested that the peroxidase in embryogenic cells is correlated with embryogenesis by regulating hormone ratios through IAA oxidation, while the peroxidase isozyme patterns may be used as a biochemical marker of embryogenesis. The increase of polyamine content and the decrease of ethylene production suggest an interaction between polyamine and ethlyene during embryogenesis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.295-301
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• 2021

Steaming is a method that has traditionally been used for medicinal plant extraction. This study investigated nitrite oxide production, ferrous ion chelating activity, α-glucosidase, xanthine oxidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of ethanol, acetone and hot-water extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata prepared by steaming seven times. MTT assay showed that each extract was non-toxic up to a concentration of 700 ㎍/mL confirming that there was no cytotoxicity in all extracts. The α-glucosidase, xanthine oxidase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities exhibited by the hot-water extract obtained from steaming seven times were higher (83.1%) than the other extracts. Higher production of nitrite oxide and better ferrous chelating activity was recorded with hot-water extract compared to ethanol and acetone extracts. These results indicated that more steaming of Codonopsis lanceolata extracts would be required to validate the possibility of developing antioxidants. Also, further study is needed to determine if the components present in the tested extracts might be useful in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. These results showed that hot-water extracts may be useful for their antioxidant and the production inhibitory activity of nitrite oxide. It will be helpful in the investigation of the constituent analysis of the steam-processed product of Codonopsis lanceolata.