• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.959-967
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• 2003

The polyphenol compounds of Korean pears were extracted with 60% acetone for 4 days at room temperature and purified using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI gel column chromatography, Bondapak $C_{18}$ column chromatography, TLC, and HPLC. As a result, three compounds were isolated. The chemical structures of each compound were determined and identified using NMR, FAM-mass, and FT-IR. The compounds were confirmed as (+)-catechin (compound A), (+)-gallocatechin (compound B), (-)-epigallocatechin (compound C), and procyanidin B-3-3-o-gallate (compound D).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.214-223
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• 2015

The bark of Acer komarovii was collected, ground, and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone to obtain concentrates. The concentrates were suspended in $H_2O$, and then successively partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethylacetate to be freeze dried. A portion of ethylacetate fraction was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 and a RP C-18 column with various aqueous MeOH-$H_2O$ (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 1:10, 3:1, and 4:1, v/v) eluents. Four compounds were isolated; (-)-epicatechin (9.6 g), procyanidin A2 (epicatechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8$, $2{\beta}{\rightarrow}O{\rightarrow}7$)-epicatechin) (1.3 g), procyanidin B2 (epicatechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8$)-epicatechin) (40.0 mg), and cinnamtannin B1 (epicatechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8$, $2{\beta}{\rightarrow}O{\rightarrow}7$)-epicatechin-($4{\beta}{\rightarrow}8$)-epicatechin) (690 mg). The analysis of the bark procyanidins showed that the basic unit constituting condensed tannins was only (-)-epicatechin. This study, for the first time, report the procyanidins of Acer komarovii bark.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2020

In this study, fruit phenolics were investigated with using LC/MS and HPLC analysis in order to compare the differences between domestic ('Campbell Early', 'Kyoho', 'Heukbosuk', and 'Hongju SDS') and imported ('Crimson SDS' and 'Thomson SDS') grapes. In the case of fruit characteristics, imported grape 'Crimson SDS' and 'Thompson SDS', had lighter skin weight (300-350 mg/berry) and hard flesh (5.2-5.6 kg·f) than domestic grape cultivar. The phenolic compound contents of 'Crimson SDS' skin was higher, but resveratrol (25-29 mg/kg), quercetin (350-380 mg/kg), and myricetin (31-32 mg/kg) contents were similar in to those of 'Hongju SDS'. The anthocyanin content was different from differed between grape cultivars. 'Hongju SDS' grape was showed higher in Delphinidin-3-glucose (D3G) levels, and 'Crimson SDS' was showed higher in Peonidin-3-glucoside (P3G) levels. The contents of phenolic compounds were investigated differently for each grape berry part. Catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B1, and B2 were found in grape seeds.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2017

This study intends to analyze the contents of rutin, procyanidin B3, quercetin, kaempferol, known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects, among the polyphenol type contained in the grape pruning stem extracts (GPSE), utilizing grape stems being discarded after harvest, measure the effects on the skin moisture, inhibition of skin cell proliferation, anti-inflammatory on the damaged skin of a HR-1 mice induced with UVB, and verify the applicability as a material for functional food and functional cosmetics. The results of verifying the photoprotection effects through the skin proliferation control through of GPSE showed similar result to suncream was achieved at the GPSE concentration of 2,000 mg/kg on the epidermis (p<0.05). The results showed anti-inflammatory effects on all groups applied with GPSE as compared to the control group irradiated with UVB, but at the GPSE concentration of 1,000 mg/kg, a lower COX-2 protein expression at 8%, lower than the 22% of suncream, was observed to achieve an excellent anti-inflammatory effect (p<0.05). The results of this study confirmed the existence of active polyphenol type, such as rutin, kaempferol, querocetin and procyanidin B3, within the GPSE, and GPSE has improvement effects on moisturizing effects, skin proliferation control effect, inflammatory control effect and improvement effects on the skin barrier function through UV ray damage. GPSE is a functional ingredient with a potential for skin protection effects, and has high utilization as an ingredient for functional food and functional cosmetics.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.354-357
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• 2000

Two ellagitannins, pedunculagin and 2,3-(S)-Hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP)-D -glucose and three condensed tannins, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin and procyanidin B-4 which were isolated from Rubus coreanum were evaluated for their antioxidative effects with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and lipid peroxidation generation system mediated by addition of $H_2O$$_2$to rat liver homogenate (TBARS). The ellagitannins, 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose and pedunculagin, showed more potent antioxidative activities by DPPH and TBARS than condensed tannins.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2012

In the continued research on natural fungicides for control of plant diseases by using plant-derived products, we found that Spatholobus suberectus Dunn had a strong fungicidal activity against several plant pathogens. S. suberectus (1 kg) was extracted with 80% aqueous MeOH and then the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$ successively. The four layers were tested their disease contron efficacies against 6 plant diseases such as rice blast (RCB), rice sheath blight (RSB), tomato grey mold (TGM), tomato late blight (TLB), wheat leaf rust (WLR), and barley powdery mildew (BPM). The EtOAc fraction was highly active showing over 80% control against RCB, TGM, TLB, and BPM. By using silica gel chromatography, preparative TLC and HPLC, six compounds that were expected to have antifungal activity were separated. Their chemical structures were identified as ethanone, hydroxytyrosol, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, dimethoxy daizein and formononetin by ESI-MS, $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, and 2D-NMR spectroscopic analyses. The chemicals except epicatechin were first reported in S. suberectus. Study on in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of the isolated compounds is in progress.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.267-273
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• 2004

Oxidative stress is associated with many kinds of chronic diseases. Antioxidants such as polyphenols are compounds that protect cells against the damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. Grape seeds are considered good resources of polyphenols, and grape seed extracts have a very strong antioxidant effect. In the present study, we established a simple gradient reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to determine polyphenol content from three different grape seed resources. An ODS (2), $150\;{\times}\;3.2\;mm$ column has been employed, and six polyphenols have been determined: gallic acid, protochatechuic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin gallate. Catechin and epicatechin were the main polyphenol compounds in all three extracts. The amount of procyanidin B2 was higher in Extract 1 (from a company of China), while Extract 2 (extracted in our lab) and Extract 3 (from a company of USA) contained higher proportions of epicatechin gallate. For the total polyphenol content, Extract 1 was much higher than that of Extract 2 and 3. The results suggest that the dietary dose of grape seed extracts from different resources should be adjusted according to polyphenol content.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2010

In order to select superior tree from Korea, five major phenolic compounds including (-)-epicatechin(EC), chlorogenic acid (ChA), hyperoside (HP), isoquercitrin (IQ), and procyanidin B2 (PC-$B_2$) in hawthorn fruit were evaluated. We also compared these hawthorn fruits of five clones with Chinese hawthorn cultivars. HPLC with a diode-array detector was used to determine the contents of the individual compounds. Hawthorn fruits of five clones (selected from different area of Korea), and four Chinese hawthorn cultivars grown in the Korea Forest Research Institute (Suwon) were utilized. With their high functional components, Jungsun is the clone including the highest contents of EC (11.26 mg/g) and PC-$B_2$ (24.46 mg/g). The clone of Chuncheon 15 had highest HP (0.53 mg/g) and IQ (0.41 mg/g). From the results, the clone of Jungsun and Chuncheon 15 can be evaluated to be selected breeding material for cultivar development.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of phenol compounds from green tea leaves and surfactant micelles on lipid oxidation in com oil-in-water emulsion (O/W). The concentration of phenol and surfactant in continuous phase of the O/W with exceed Brij 700 and phenol compounds was measured. The particle size of O/W with phenol (100 ppm) increased with increasing added exceed surfactant $(0{\sim}2.0%)$ and the concentration of surfactant and phenols in the continuous phase higher than these of control. Lipid oxidation rates, as determined by the formation of lipid hydroperoxides and headspace hexanal, in the O/W emulsions containing phenol compounds (100 ppm) and exceed surfactant $(0{\sim}2.0%)$ decreased with increasing concentration of exceed surfactant. The ability of the phenol compounds and exceed surfactant to inhibit hydroperoxide and headspace hexanal producing as lipid oxidation in O/W was BHT>procyanidin B3-3-O-gallate> (+)-gallocatechin > (+)-catechin and 2% > 1 % > 0% of exceed surfactant. These results indicate that phenol compounds and exceed surfactant could alter the physical location of hydroperoxide in O/W.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.389-395
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• 2017

A simultaneous determination of 5 phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, pcoumaric acid, trans ferulic acid) and 9 flavonoids (procyanidin b1, aspalathin, rutin, vitexin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, luteolin, quercetin, chrysoeriol) in rooibos tea has been carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A validated analysis method in this study was applied to rooibos aqueous infusions. Rooibos tea is an antioxidant-rich tea which has anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic effect. Extraction yield of phenolics depends on steeping time and temperature of water. Tea infusions were prepared by placing 1 g of tea leaves or 1 tea bag in 100 mL of boiled water, and then at 3, 6 and 30 minutes intervals the infused teas were taken to carry out the analysis of phenolic contents. Another tea infusion was conducted with cold water ($25-30^{\circ}C$) for 30 minuntes. As a result, the total amount of phenolics was highest in rooibos tea steeped with hot water for 30 minutes, followed by 6 minutes, 3 minutes and cold water 30minutes and the result has statistical significance.