• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.268-279
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to identify nursing professionalism perceptions among nursing students who had completed a semester of simulation-based education, and to provide the basis for presenting direction of the simulation curriculum that helps in the emergence of a positive nursing professional in future. Data obtained from focus group interviews of study participants determined 17 semantic categories and 6 themes through the process of identifying, comparing, and categorizing meaningful concepts. The perception of nursing students regarding the profession after simulation-based education include 'realization of professionalism', 'ethics and emotions as professional human subjects', 'cultivation of communication skills', 'integrative thinking for problem solving', and 'foundation', and also the importance of a 'foundational knowledge body' and 'reflection of self-capacity'. The results of this study reflect on 5 intuitional areas of a nursing professional: professional self-concept, social awareness, nursing expertise, nursing room role, and independence of nursing. The results of this study indicate that in order to enable nursing students to experience nursing professional intuition through simulation-based hands-on training, it is necessary to actively revise and apply courses for the development of a positive nursing professional intuition through simulation education.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

With today's continuous increase of both seaborne trade and foreign crew boarding ships, it is necessary to study the standardization of Marine English with respect to Aids to Navigation(AtoN) for the safety of ships. After reviewing the organization of the standard council of the equipment and article of AtoN, the standardization of various types of AtoN was not capable of meeting by the only existing council's activities. For on-the-job progress, it was necessary for the subcommittee to be composed by types of AtoN. It is thus desirable to the integrated approach to the combination of the civil, the public, academic circles and research institutes, which harmonized the council's flexibility and professionalism in the composition of the members. Subjects, levels and targets in each course were presented from results of the study on the standardization scheme of Marine English related to AtoN. The ET steps were classified by the difficult degree to which the principles of interpretation and communication were applied. This study contributed to the scheme that was firstly established to solve the problem of the audiovisual English ET due to the lack of the professionalism of the existing marine affairs by presenting the standardization scheme of Marine English prior to the institutional reform related to AtoN.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8391-8396
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• 2016

Thailand is becoming an aging society, this presenting as a serious problem situation especially regarding health. Chronic diseases found frequently in the elderly may be related to dietary intake and life style. Surin province has been reported as a risk area for liver fluke with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinma especially in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly in Surin province, northeast of Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 people aged 60 years and above, between September 2012 and July 2014. The participants were selected through a randomized systematic sampling method and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with general information, food recorded, weight, height, waist circumference, and behavior regarding to food consume related to liver fluke infection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The majority of participants was female (63.5%), age between 60-70 years old (75.6%), with elementary school education (96.6%), living with their (78.9%), and having underlying diseases (38.3%). Carbohydrate (95.3%) was need to improve the consumption. The participants demonstrated under-nutrition (24.4%), over-nutrition (16.4%), and obesity (15.4%). Elderly had a waist circumference as the higher than normal level (34.0%). Gender, female, age 71-80 years old, elementary school and underlying diseases were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of them had a high knowledge (43.0%), moderate attitude (44.4%), and moderate practice (46.2%) regarding food consumption related to liver fluke infection. In conclusion, these findings data indicated that elderly age group often have an under- or over-nutritional status. Carbohydrate consumption needs to be improved. Some elderly show behavior regarding food consumption that is related to liver fluke infection hat needs to be improved, so that health education pertaining good nutrition is required.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.10-20
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• 2014

This study compares the perceptions of elementary gifted child and science teacher in a science class for the gifted. In order to explore the research problem, students and teachers answered a written semi-structured questionnaire and participated in interviews regarding the gifted science class. The data was collected and analyzed. Science teachers recognized the characteristics of a good science class, especially in terms of educational content and teaching methodology. First, they suggested promoting inquiry skills, presenting a challenging task in atypical topic selection, student-centered curriculum, and controlling the pace of learning to recognize individual differences. Second, in terms of the science class skills and attitudes category, teachers recommended raising mutual satisfaction through vigorous interaction within a permissible atmosphere. Finally, science teachers need to strive for continued professional growth. Gifted children, meanwhile, want to investigate a wide range of topics without time constraints. Additionally, they may have to explore challenging topics further. They prefer to act like scientists in that they enjoy group activities, communication and cooperation. In particular, they want to be evaluated by others in a totally embedded assessment. Gifted children also expect teachers to understand the life circumstances and needs of the students. In addition, they asked for teachers to respect individual experiments and to show them how to safely use new equipment or research methods. As a result, gifted children and science teachers have to recognize the differences of opinion concerning a good science class for the gifted. This study can help formulate strategies to establish quality management of materials in gifted science classes.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.246-255
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• 2007

The floating image system (FIS) is a device to display input source in the space between fast surface of the display and an observer and it provides pseudo 3D depth to an observer when input source as real object or 2D image was displayed through the optical lens system in the FIS. The Advanced floating image system (AFIS) was designed to give more effective 3D depth than existing FIS by adding front and rear depth cues to the displayed stereogram, which it was used as input source. The magnitude of disparity and size of stereogram were strongly related each other and they have been optimized for presenting 3D depths in a non-optical lens systems. Thus, if they were used in optical lens system, they will have reduced or magnified parameters, leading to problem such as providing incorrect 3D depth cues to an observer. Although the size of stereogram and disparity were demagnified by total magnifying power of optical system, the viewing distance (VD) from the display to an observer and base distance (BD) for the gap between the eyes were fixed. For this reason, the quantity of disparity in displayed stereogram through the existing FIS has not kept the magnifying power to the total optical system. Therefore, we proposed the methods to provide correct 3D depth to an observer by compensating quantity of disparity in stereogram which was satisfied to keep total magnifying power of optical lenses system by AFIS. Consequently, the AFIS provides a good floating depth (pseudo 3D) with correct front and rear 3D depth cues to an observer.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 1992

Neck mass as a primary presenting sign is a common problem that physicians and surgeons alike have to face but conclusive diagnosis cna be made only by histopathological examination. During the period of four years from January 1988 to December 1991, three hundred sixteen diagnostic incisional or excisional biopsies of the neck masses were performed at the outpatient department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital and tissue diagnoses were confirmed by histopatholotical examination. On which a clinical analysis was performed and its results were compared with the results of one hundred fifteen Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic examinations on neck masses during the same period. The results were as follows: In the histologic types of neck masses. inflammatory disease was the most common (58.2%), metastatic malignant tumor(22.5%), benign tumor(15.2%). primary malignant tumor(0.4%) in decreasing order. Among the individual lesions. tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most common(29.4%) and nonspecific lymphadenitis was the next. Of overall sexual distribution, female preponderated by a ratio of 1.15:1, but in the primary and metastatic malignancies, male did by a ratio of 1.60:1 and 1.53:1, respectively. The most common age group was third decade(26.8%), and fourth decade was the next(20.9%) but in malignant tumors. sixth decade was the most commom. The duration of symptom between one and three months(33.8%), was the most common and between three and six month was the next but the difference between the individual diseases was not significant. Of the metastatic tumor of seventy one cases, primary site was found in fifty cases(84.2%) and stomach cancer was the most comon primary site. In the result of the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytologic(FNAC) examinations, positive for mlignant cells was the most common(33.1%), following the frequencies with tuberculosis(22.6%), and nonspecific lymphadenitis(16.5%) in decreasing order. Eleven cases of FNAC underwent diagnostic biopsies and the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 83.3%. Conclusively, in our study, tuberculous lymphadenitis was the most common histologic type, female was predominant third decade was the most common age group. the duration of symptom between one and three month was the most common and in the metastatic tumors, stomach cancer was the most common primary site.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2016

Objectives: Microcystin (MC) produced during cyanobacterial blooms is a worldwide problem presenting a serious health threats to humans and ecosystems. During July through October of 2013, the Ilwol Reservoir experienced a high biomass of phytoplankton (maximum $211.7mg/m^3$ of Chlorophyll-a) containing the toxigenic cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. The aim of this study is to analyze MC concentration in the reservoir water, as well as in representative fish species (Carassius cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Channa argus). We also evaluated the human health risk of exposure to MCs accumulated in the fish. Methods: Concentrations of MCs in the water and fish samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The total levels of four MC variants, including MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-YR and MC-LA were below the WHO drinking water guideline limit (1 ug MC-LR per liter) both for the dissolved and particulate fraction present in the water samples. The mean MC concentrations in the livers of all species were significantly higher than in the gills (p < 0.01) and muscles (p < 0.05). The values of estimated daily intake of MCs in muscles, the edible part of the fish, would be only $0.005-0.015{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$, much lower than WHO's provisional tolerable daily intake of $0.04{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}day$. Conclusion: This study suggests that, owing to the spatial distribution or temporal variation of MC, there is a need for careful monitoring of cyanotoxin in reservoir water and aquatic animals to protect public health.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.57-59
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• 1998

For medical students and doctors, knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) structure of brain is very important in diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Two-dimensional (2D) tools (ex: anatomy book) or traditional 3D tools (ex: plastic model) are not sufficient to understand the complex structures of the brain. However, it is not always guaranteed to dissect the brain of cadaver when it is necessary. To overcome this problem, the virtual dissection programs of the brain have been developed. However, most programs include only 2D images that do not permit free dissection and free rotation. Many programs are made of radiographs that are not as realistic as sectioned cadaver because radiographs do not reveal true color and have limited resolution. It is also necessary to make the virtual dissection programs of each race and ethnic group. We attempted to make a virtual dissection program using a 3D image of the brain from a Korean cadaver. The purpose of this study is to present an educational tool for those interested in the anatomy of the brain. The procedures to make this program were as follows. A brain extracted from a 58-years old male Korean cadaver was embedded with gelatin solution, and serially sectioned into 1.4 mm-thickness using a meat slicer. 130 sectioned specimens were inputted to the computer using a scanner ($420\times456$ resolution, true color), and the 2D images were aligned on the alignment program composed using IDL language. Outlines of the brain components (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, lentiform nucleus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, optic nerve, fornix, cerebral artery, and ventricle) were manually drawn from the 2D images on the CorelDRAW program. Multimedia data, including text and voice comments, were inputted to help the user to learn about the brain components. 3D images of the brain were reconstructed through the volume-based rendering of the 2D images. Using the 3D image of the brain as the main feature, virtual dissection program was composed using IDL language. Various dissection functions, such as dissecting 3D image of the brain at free angle to show its plane, presenting multimedia data of brain components, and rotating 3D image of the whole brain or selected brain components at free angle were established. This virtual dissection program is expected to become more advanced, and to be used widely through Internet or CD-title as an educational tool for medical students and doctors.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2006

An abnormal seepage flow, which is mainly caused by the piping, is one of the major reasons for embankment dam failure. A leakage detection is therefore a vital part of an embankment dam's monitoring. Resistivity method, which is an efficient tool to detect leakage zones, has been used all over the world for an embankment dam's monitoring. Although the resistivity method gives us very useful information about the leakage problem, there is no more quantitative interpretation than the low resistivity zones in the 2-dimensional resistivity section are regraded simply as the anomalous seepage zones. Recently, resistivity monitoring technique is applied for the detection of leakage zones. However, its interpretation still remains in the stage of presenting the resistivity ratio itself. An increased seepage flow increases a porosity and an increasing porosity decreases the dam's stability. Therefore, the porosity is one of the major factors for an embankment dam's stability. Based on Archie's experimental formula, we try to evaluate a porosity distribution from the resistivity data which is obtained on the dam's crest. We also attempt to represent a procedure to evaluate a safety index of the embankment dam from the resistivity monitoring data.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2011

Almost all companies have paid much attention to the safety management ranging from maintenance to operation even at the stage of designing in order to prevent accidents, but fatal accidents continue to increase throughout the world. In particular, it is essential to systematically prevent such fatal accidents as fire, explosion or leakage of toxic gas at factories in order to not only protect the workers and neighbors but also prevent economic losses and environmental pollution. Though it is well known that accident probability is very low in NPP(Nuclear Power Plants), the reason why many researches are still being performed about the accidents is the results may be so severe. HRA is the main process to make preparation for possibility of human error in designing of the NPP. But those techniques have some problems and limitation as follows; the evaluation sensitivity of those techniques are out of date. And the evaluation of human error is not coupled with the design process. Additionally, the scope of the human error which has to be included in reliability assessment should be expanded. This work focuses on the coincidence of human error and mechanical failure for some important performance shaping factors to propose a method for improving safety effectively of the process industries. In order to apply in these purposes into the thesis, I found 63 critical Performance Shaping Factors of the eight dimensions throughout studies that I executed earlier. In this study, various analysis of opinion of specialists(Personal Factors, Training, Knowledge or Experience, Procedures and Documentation, Information, Communications, HMI, Workplace Design, Quality of Environment, Team Factors) and the guideline for construction of PSF were accomplished. The selected method was AHP which simplifies objective conclusions by maintaining consistency. This research focused on the implementation process of PSF to evaluate the process of PSF at each phase. As a result, we propose an evaluation model of PSF as a tool to find critical problem at each phase and improve on how to resolve the problems found at each phase. This evaluation model makes it possible to extraction of PSF succesfully by presenting the basis of assessment which will be used by enterprises to minimize the trial and error of construction process of PSF.