• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1998

The chemical structure of low molecule polyphenol of tea was found as explained. Structure decision of pioanthocyanidin was possible to measure 1,700 molecule, hexamer by chemical basic of polyphenol. At present, structure of high molecule than of that can't be suspected and it is concemed that strong astrigent ccnpound of tea is polymer proanthocyanidin. Mush researches was required in structure decision and isolation of high molecule polyphenol complex. Structure decision will develope at the natural products in the furture.

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2007년도 제48회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2007

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• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of pine needle extracts prepared with hot water, ethanol, hexane, hot water-hexane (HWH), and hot water-ethanol (HWE), using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical method. The hot water extract possessed superior antioxidant activity than the other extracts. We also compared the antioxidant activity of pine needle extracts through ROS inhibition activity in a cellular system using MC3T3 E-1 cells. The hot water extract exhibited the lowest ROS production. The pattern of HPLC analysis of each extract indicated that the hot water extract contained the highest proanthocyanidin level. The pine needle hot-water extract was then isolated and fractionated with Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to determine the major contributor to its antioxidant activity. The No.7 and 12 fractions had high antioxidant activities, that is, the highest contents of proanthocyanidins and catechins, respectively. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of procyanidins from the hot water extract of pine needles is positively related to not only polymeric proanthocyanidins but also to monomeric catechins. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the pine needle hot water extract was similar to well-known antioxidants, such as vitamin C. This suggests that pine needle proanthocyanidins and catechins might be of interest for use as alternative antioxidants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4601-4607
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• 2014

Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It was found that at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane fraction (Hex) and dichloromethane fraction (DCM) could reduce HT1080 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell invasion. Hex and DCM revealed higher potency levels than CEE, whereas an ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) had no effect. Gelatin zymography revealed that Hex decreased the secretion and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and-9). In contrast, the DCM fraction exhibited slightly effect on MMPs secretion and had no effect on MMPs activity. Collagenase activity was significantly inhibited by the Hex and DCM fractions. High amounts of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol were found in the Hex and DCM fractions and demonstrated an anti-invasion property. On the other hand, proanthocyanidin was detected only in the CEE fraction and reduced MDA-MB-231 cells invasion property. These observations suggest that proanthocyanidin, ${\gamma}$-oryzanol and ${\gamma}$-tocotrienol in the red rice fractions might be responsible for the anti invasion activity. The red rice extract may have a potential to serve as a food-derived chemotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1791-1799
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the contents of antioxidative components from pulpy and seed in wild haw (Crataegus pinnatifida $B_{UNGE}$). Pulpy and seed of haw were smashed, then measured for color properties, antioxidative components of ascorbic acid, phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, anthocyanin, total carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a, b and tannin. The $a^*$, $b^*$ and $C^*$ values of seed were significantly lower than pulpy, but $L^*$ and $H^{\circ}$ values were higher than that of pulpy. Ascorbic acid contents of pulpy and seed were found to be $10.89{\pm}1.69mg/100g$ and $1.45{\pm}0.16mg/100g$, respectively. Phytic acid, proanthocyanidin, total carotene and tannin contents of pulpy and seed were $689.17{\pm}3.63mg/g$, $597.78{\pm}2.93mg/g$; $355.61{\pm}19.39mg/g$, $49.12{\pm}4.97mg/g$; $8.32{\pm}0.42mg%$, $0.80{\pm}0.01mg%$; $7.53{\pm}0.09mg/g$, $1.02{\pm}0.03mg/g$, respectively. Similarly, ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of pulpy also displayed higher values than that of seed. On the contrary, anthocyanin content of seed ($4.24{\pm}0.33mg/L$) was remarkably higher than pulpy ($0.99{\pm}0.62mg/L$). The results showed that pulpy could be severed as great natural antioxidant and biohealth functional food.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.314-323
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• 2016

A transient ihpRNA-induced gene silencing system based on Agrobacterium-mediated injection infiltration has been established to evaluate candidate genes involved in proanthocyanidin (PAs) biosynthesis in persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). We chose DkPDS (phytoene desaturase) as a gene-silencing target to evaluate the newly developed transient gene silencing system. Our qRT-PCR analysis indicated that two ihpRNA constructs (pHG-PDS5' and pHG-PDS3') targeted DkPDS, which also led to significantly reduce expression of DkPDS in 'Mopanshi' persimmon leaves. To further confirm the reliability of the system, we successfully utilized it for DkLAR (leucoanthocyanidin reductase) gene silencing. The expression levels of DkLAR in 'Mopanshi' and 'Eshi 1' leaves were ca. 6-fold and ca. 5-fold lower than those in leaves harboring empty vector (pHG-GFP), respectively. DMACA (4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde) staining and the Folin-Ciocalteau assay showed that the accumulation of PAs was markedly inhibited in 'Mopanshi', 'Eshi 1' and 'Youhou' leaves. These results indicate that DkLAR plays an important role in the accumulation of PAs in persimmon. The transient ihpRNA-induced gene silencing method developed in this study is a highly efficient and useful tool for functional analysis of persimmon genes involved in PA biosynthesis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 왕벚나무 껍질 에탄올 추출물과 분획물의 항산화물질 및 항산화활성을 측정하였다. 왕벚나무 껍질 에탄올 추출물 및 분획물의 총 페놀 함량은 ethyl acetate 분획물이 496.80 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았고, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 7.26-265.52 mg RE/g으로 ethyl acetate 분획물이 가장 높게 나타났다. 프로안토시아니딘 함량은 ethyl acetate, n-buthanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, water, n-hexane 순으로 높았다. DPPH, ABTS⁺, superoxide^- 라디칼 소거능 및 환원력은 ethyl acetate 분획물의 활성이 가장 좋았고, 아질산염 소거능에서는 에탄올 추출물이 가장 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 반면에 n-hexane과 water 분획물은 항산화물질의 함량이 낮고 항산화활성이 다른 시료에 비해 낮게 측정되었다. 따라서 왕벚나무 껍질 ethyl acetate 분획물은 항산화물질이 풍부하고 높은 항산화활성을 나타내어 천연 항산화제로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1315-1321
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• 2009

The chemical composition of natural powder dye $Pinux^{TM}$ manufactured from Pinus radiata bark and dyeability of dyed silk fabrics with $Pinux^{TM}$ were examined. It is made up of the optimum dyeing condition of silk fabric according to the dyeing concentration, dyeing time, and dyeing temperature. Also, we examined the colorfastness and antibiosis of dyed silk fabrics to washing, rubbing, perspiration and light. For the analysis of the chemical composition of $Pinux^{TM}$, the total contents of phenolic compound, proanthocyanidin(PA) and anti-oxidative activities of the dye were analyzed. As a result, it was found that the main components of the $Pinux^{TM}$ manufactured from Pinus radiata bark is proanthocyanidin, mostly a flavonoid containing a procyanidin structure, and it consists of approximately 63% phenol. As a result of examining the dyeability of silk fabrics with $Pinux^{TM}$, it showed that the dyeability was best under the conditions of the concentration of dye $1{\sim}1.5%$(wt/v%), dyeing time of 90 minutes, and dyeing temperature at $90^{\circ}C$. It was found that the colorfastness of dyed silk fabrics, colorfastness to washing, perspiration for acidic and rubbing were as good as grade 4 or 4-5. However, the colorfastness to light was low at grade 1, the same as the results of other natural dyed fabrics. As a result of the antibiosis measurement for the $Pinux^{TM}$-dyed silk fabrics, it showed high antibacterial properties to Staphylococcus sureus at 99.6%.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2010

솔잎은 항산화력이 우수한 것으로 알려져 있으며, mouse calvaria 유래의 MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell은 골세포의 세포 활성과 관련된 연구에서 유용하게 이용되어왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 MC3T3-E1 세포를 이용하여 적송잎 용매별 추출물이 세포 증식에 미치는 영향과 ALP 활성 및 조골세포의 골 형성을 위한 필수 인자인 콜라겐 합성의 영향에 대해 검토하였다. 적송잎 추출물의 농도(1, 10 50, $100\;{\mu}g/ml$)에 따른 조골세포 성장에 미치는 영향을 MTT assay로 분석한 결과, proanthocyanidin의 경우 $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ 이상 첨가한 군에서 대조군보다 급격한 증식률을 나타내었다. 에탄올 추출물을 첨가하였을 때 유의적인 증식률이 나타나지 않은 반면, 적송잎 헥산 추출물 처리군에 있어서는 $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ 농도 이상에서 유의적으로 세포증식이 촉진되었다. 적송잎 추출물이 ALP 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 적송잎 추출물이 조골세포의 ALP의 활성을 증가시켜 조골세포의 분화에 영향을 줄 가능성이 제시 되었다. 또한 적송잎의 열수 및 에탄올 추출물보다 헥산 추출물에서 조골세포의 ALP 활성이 증가하여 적송잎의 ALP 활성에 영향을 주는 성분은 수용성 성분보다 지용성 성분인 것으로 추측되었다. 적송잎 추출물이 조골세포의 콜라겐 합성에 미치는 실험결과에서 헥산 추출물뿐만 아니라 열수 추출물에서도 높은 콜라겐 합성능력을 나타내었다. 따라서 단일성분에 의한 것보다 복합적 성분들의 상승작용에 의해 조골세포의 콜라겐 합성이 촉진된 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 적송잎 추출물이 조골세포의 증식, ALP 활성 및 콜라겐 합성을 촉진하여 골 생성에 영향을 줄 수 있는 것이 확인되었으며, 그에 대한 구체적인 기작 연구를 위하여 향후 분자생물학적인 차원에서의 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험을 통한 구체적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권11호
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• pp.1502-1507
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• 2012

맨드라미꽃의 식품학적 이용가능성을 확인해 보고자 항산화성분 및 항산화활성에 대해 검토하였다. 맨드라미꽃의 항산화성분과 활성은 메탄올 추출물과 순차적 용매분획물에 대해 측정하였으며, 메탄올 추출물과 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol 및 물 분획물의 추출수율은 각각 23.33, 10.27, 20.00, 13.63, 17.55 및 38.54%였다. 맨드라미꽃 메탄올 추출물의 총 polyphenol, flavonoid 및 tannin 함량은 각각 6.80 mg GAE/g ME, 2.34 mg CE/g ME 및 6.23 mg TAE/g ME였다. 순차적 용매분획물 중 butanol 분획에서 각각 14.92 mg GAE/g SF, 5.44 mg CE/g SF 및 13.38 mg TAE/g SF로 함량이 높았다. 총 proanthocyanidin 함량은 $44.72{\mu}g$ CE/g ME였고 순차적 용매분획물은 각각 42.47, 44.43, 50.03, 49.12 및 $41.80{\mu}g$ CE/g ER로 용매간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 맨드라미꽃의 메탄올 추출물의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 5.24 및 10.70 mg TE/g ME였고 butanol 분획에서 각각 12.53 및 21.09 mg TE/g SF로 활성이 높았다. 메탄올 추출물의 SOD 유사활성은 7.96 unit/mL로 나타났고 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol 및 물 분획물은 각각 4.56, 6.15, 8.07, 12.36 및 5.21 unit/mL로 butanol 분획의 활성이 높았다. 맨드라미꽃 추출물의 항산화성분과 항산화활성 간에 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였고 맨드라미꽃 추출물이 체내 및 식품에서 유익한 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.