• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to confirm whether Codonopsis Radix(CR) could be used in the same way for expected indications or diseases of adaptation instead of Ginseng Radix(GR), which acts as a principal herb in Sagunja-tang. Methods : The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems pharmacology(TCMSP), a database for the study of systems biology related to Chinese medicine, screened potential active compounds in each quartet. By searching for all the proteins that each compound provides, the target of Sagunja-tang with GR(GRST) and the target of Sagunja-tang with CR(CRST) were compared using the network analysis method, and the top ranked target of each serving was selected. Results : Through TCMSP, a Chinese medicine database, the potential effective ingredients of GRST or CRST screened, and the target proteins related to these substances were found to be the most affected by Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome, an herbal medicine mixed in Sagunja-tang, and the target diseases were the same. And the same were found for the target protein, gene and target diseases of GRST and CRST. Conclusions : The prescription with similar composition is likely to have similar network pharmacology analysis results, and the analysis result may be controlled by the herbal medicines which are assumed to be the main function. Therefore, rich and reproducible basic studies is more important because network pharmacological studies can be dominated by data that has been done a lot of previous studies.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2008

The principal objective of was to assess the effects of herb extracts on the antioxidant activity and quality characteristics of Maejakgwa. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be the highest by a significant degree in the rosemary, lavender, thyme, lemon balm and olive samples, in order. With regard to electron donating ability, increasing concentrations of added herbs resulted in a more significant rise in the DPPH radical scavenging effect in a range of concentrations of between $100{\sim}1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In particular, the rosemary, lavender, and thyme samples were shown to be lower in antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid, but higher than a-tocopherol, thus the antioxidant activities detected in the rosemary, lavender, and thyme samples were considered to be excellent. With regard to reducing ability, increases in the concentration of added herb extract resulted in significant growth. However, the anti-oxidative activity detected in the rosemary extract was indicated to be superior even to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol when added to concentrations of $500{\sim}1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. In our assessment of external appearance, color, flavor, texture, and overall quality, the highest preference was seen in the control group and in the group with 2% added rosemary extract. The lowest score was earned in the group with a 5% addition of rosemary. The functional ingredients and antioxidant activities of the samples were excellent. Our results appear to indicate that rosemary has some value as a natural antioxidant that can prevent oxidation in food.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2010

본 실험은 전통발효식품인 청국장의 기능성 및 품질향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 생약초(표고버섯, 더덕 및 어성초)를 첨가하여 청국장을 제조하고 이들의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 생약초 분말 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 색도 중 a값과 b값은 증가하였으며, L값과 pH의 경우 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 일반성분 중 조단백질과 조지방 함량은 생약초 첨가수준이 높을수록 다소 감소하였으며, 수분, 회분은 첨가량에 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 유기산 분석 결과 lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, citric acid 순으로 함량 분포를 보였으며, 생약초 분말 첨가수준이 높을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 구성 아미노산 함량은 glutamic acid>aspartic acid>leucine>arginine>lysine 순이었으며, 지방산 조성의 경우 linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, linolenic acid 순으로 나타났다. 더덕의 지표성분인 조사포닌과 어성초에 많이 함유된 쿼세틴 함량을 분석한 결과 생약초 함량이 증가할수록 증가하는 정의 상관관계를 보여 5% 첨가구가 가장 많은 함량분포를 보였다. 첨가 수준별 청국장의 관능검사를 실시한 결과 생약초 분말을 2% 첨가하여 제조한 제품이 기호도면에서 가장 좋은 점수를 받아, 소비자들의 기호도를 고려한 최종 제품은 생약초 분말을 2% 까지 첨가하여 제조하는 것이 가장 좋은 제품으로 나타났으며 이러한 사실은 여러 가지 생약초가 갖는 장점등을 청국장에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

본 실험은 전통발효식품인 청국장의 기능성 및 품질향상을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 생약초(표고버섯, 더덕, 어성초) 추출물을 각각 동량 섞어 제조한 것을 청국장환에 10%, 20% 및 30% 첨가하여 제조한 다음 이들의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 생약초 추출물 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 색도 중 L값과 b값은 다소 증가하였으며, pH의 경우 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 일반성분 중 조단백질, 조지방과 조섬유 함량은 생약초 첨가수준이 높을수록 다소 감소하였으며, 수분과 회분은 증가하였다. 구성 아미노산 함량은 glutamic acid > aspartic acid > leucime > arginine 순이었으며, 지방산 조성의 경우 linolenic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid 순으로 나타났다. 경도의 경우 추출물 첨가수준이 증가할수록 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 더덕의 지표 성분인 조사포닌과 어성호에 많이 함유된 쿼세틴 함량을 분석한 결과 생약초 함량이 증가할수록 증가하는 정의 상관관계를 보여 생약초 추출물 30% 첨가구가 가장 많은 함량 분포를 보였다. 첨가수준별 청국장의 관능검사를 실시한 결과 생약초 추출물 20% 첨가하여 제조한 제품이 기호도면에서 가장 좋은 점수를 받았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 생약초 추출물 첨가한 청국장환은 추출물 함량이 증가할수록 영양성분이나 기능성 물질의 함량이 대부분 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 관능검사를 실시한 결과 생약초 추출물을 20% 첨가하여 제조한 청국장환 제품이 기호도면에서 가장 좋은 제품으로 판단되어, 소비자들의 기호도를 고려한 최종 제품은 생약초 추출물을 20% 까지 첨가하여 제조하는 것이 가장 좋은 제품으로 나타났으며 이러한 사실은 여러 가지 생약초가 갖는 장점 등을 청국장환에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.415-433
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• 1991

Seasonal variation in size and number of floral structures was examined in two massachusetts populations of chelidonium major, a self-compatible herb. All floral charcters except for anther number per flower declind significantly during a 3 week period. However, temporal patterns were not identical among characters or between popolations. The result indicate that floral characters varied in conjunction with flower diameter,but that the pattern of changes in floral characters in response to environments may not be easy to predict. Principal components analysis was conducted to environments may not be easy to predict. principal compenents analysis was conducted tl identify the functional relationship among floral male function, and female function, respectively, perhaps reflecting the functional distinction of floral characters. Based on this pattern, the relative allocation to sexual structures within flowers was examined: male allocation was relatively greater than female allocation eary or in the middle of flowering season, depending upon populations. Temporalvariation in relative allocation within flowers was not independent of seed tield components:; different combinations of the size and number of floral characters were correlated with different seed yield components, for example, either seed size or number per fruit, during a season. in particular, allocations to attractive and male structures were highly correlated with mean seed weight only earlier in the season. These result provide some evidence that flowering phenolgy is an important comportant to be considered in the study of sexual allocation.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2012

'Usul' is a traditional medicinal herb, which has anti-inflammatory activities is distributed in India, Nepal, China, Korea, Japan. Korea pharmacopeia listed 'Usul' as either a species of Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai or A. bidentata Blume. Recent taxonomic studies in China and Japan delimited these taxa as two varieties, A. bidentata Blume var. bidentata and var. japonica Miq. A multivariate morphometric study of Achyranthes bidentata complex was undertaken to assess the entities of taxa that usefully could be recognized. Five quantitative characters were reviewed and analyzed with 293 specimens from Korea. The univariate analysis of inflorescence length, interval between florets, angle between floret and floral axis indicated that ranges among all taxa were continuous. However, quantitative characters of membrane size and the number of hairs within 4 were useful to identify two varieties. In PCA, the first three principal components accounted for 89.4% of the total variance. PCA revealed that var. bidentata showed distinctions in morphological attributes from var. japonica entity. Therefore, continued recognition at the infraspecifc level for these taxa is supported.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2021

Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Pfc), a herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), has been used for medicinal and aromatic purposes. In the present study, we analyzed the variation in the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained from five different genotypes of Pfc collected from different regions. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), we identified three groups: PA type containing perillaldehyde, PP type containing dillapiole, and 2-acetylfuran type. To assess the correlation between EO components and antimicrobial activities, we compared classification results generated by PCA and HCA based on antimicrobial activity values. The findings suggested that the major compounds obtained from EOs of Pfc are responsible for their antimicrobial activities. Chemotypes of Pfc plants are essentially qualitative traits that are important for breeders. The present findings provide potential information for breeding Pfc as an antimicrobial agent.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.122-133
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• 2006

Objectives : The amyloid $\beta$-protein ($A\beta$) is the principal component of the senile plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elicits a toxic effect on neurons in vitro and in vivo. Many environmental factors including antioxidants and proteoglycans modify $A{\beta}toxicity$. In this study, we have investigated the protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A\beta$-induced oxidative cell death in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Methods : For this study, we used MTT reduction assay for detection of protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells. We also used cell-based $\beta$-secretase assay system to investigate the inhibitory effect of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root on $\beta$-secretase activity. Results : We previously reported that methanol extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root strongly attenuated cytotoxicity induced by the three $A\beta$ fragments ($A{\beta}_{25-35},\;A{\beta}_{1-42}\;A{\beta}_{1-43}$) to both SK-N-MC and PC12 cells. In the present study, we found that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol had strong protective effects against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells and inhibitory potency to $\beta$-secretase activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol may contain the protective component(s) against $A\beta$-induced cell death in PC12 cells as well as inhibitory component(s) to $\beta$-secretase activity.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-61
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate concept, systoms, causes of disease, pathogenic mechanisms, therapies and precriptions about senile constipation through the successive medical literature, recent chinese medical literature and chinese medical joumals. Senile constipation seems to be applicable to dryness syndrom and constipation of insufficiency type, have something to do with kidney(the most), lung, spleen and large intestine. The most principal cause of disease is yin-fluid, the rest deficiency of qi, insufficiency of yang, stagnation of qi and retention of fever etc. There are enriching the blood and moistening dryness in principal therapy, the rest are invigorating qi and loosing the bowel, warming and invigorating the spleen and kidney, regulating the flow of qi and promoting the stagnancy of qi and expelling the pathogenic heat etc. In prescriptions there are Yunjangtang, Jengaektang, Hwanggitang, Jechunjeon, Yukmatang and Majainhwan as the causes of disease, meanwhile are Yungjang-tang, Jechunjeon and Majainhwan in the vulgaris prescriptions. And in medical herbs there are nourishing yin medicines as Rhizoma rehmanniac, Radix ophiopogonis and Radix scrophulariae etc., invigorating qi medicines as Radix astragali, Radix codonopsitis and Radix polygoni multiflori etc, invigorating yang medicines as Caulis cistanchis and Semen psoraleae etc., promoting qi circulating medicines as Radix saussurea, Lignum aquilariae and Radix linderae etc., and reducing fever and therapeutic method to keep the adverse qi flowing downward medicines as Semen cannabis, Rhizoma rhei, Fructus immaturus ponciri, and Cortex magnoliae etc.. Meantime Rhizoma rehmanniae, Radix ophiopogonis, Caulis cistanchis, Radix angelicae gigantis, Semen cannabis, Semen biotae, Semen pruni japonicae and Semen persicae in principal herb-medicines. In clinical reports the process of disease was between 10 to 20 years, the evacuation cycle between 4 to 7 days, generally possessed chronic diseases as hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis and cerebro- vascular disorders etc. and the efficiency rate was more than 90%. The senile constipation is occured in succession or promoted by chronic diseases as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis. hrperlipemia, cerebro- vascular disorders etc., so diet-regulating, adequate exercise, proper evacuation-habit and psychologic rest etc. are important more than medicine-treatments.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-149
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• 2005

This study is designed to investigate the method of manufacturing herbal acupuncture through literature of oriental medicine. The findings of this study are as follows; 1. The methods of manufacturing herbal acupuncture go through the process of abstraction, purification, mixing, filtration, putting and tight sealing in the container, sterilization, quality control, printing and packing 2. There are many ways to manufacturing herbal acupuncture, for example water-alcohol precipitation, alcohol-water precipitation, liquid-liquid abstract, acid-base abstract, metal base precipitation, distillation, molecular structure, polyamide absorption, dialysis, and ion exchange, etc. And popular method is water-alcohol precipitation. This is through alcohol precipitate extracting the principal ingredients from water abstraction. This is very simple and efficient way using melting characteristics of compounds in herb to water and ethanol. 3. Sterilization of herbal acupuncture is through heating-pressure, boiling, steam flowing, low temperature, filtering, radiation, cooling, and microwaves. Nowadays filtering is commonly used. And sterilization is estimated by an examination of asepsis . 4. Herbal acupuncture must be undergo study and experiment to clinical use. The problems of herbal acupuncture are turbidity, instability, causing hemolysis, pain, and fever. So many provisions (addition, sterilization, and filtration etc.) must be prepared. 5. The theory of manufacturing herbal acupuncture is from oriental medicine, not western. So it must be corresponded to oriental medical theory, for example Gimi(氣味), Guigyung(歸經), Ingyung(引經), Bosa(補瀉), and Match of Herb. It is recommended that further study of many other sided investigations in the future.